In this programme, Pakistan's smog is so bad you can see it from space.

在這個節目中，巴基斯坦的煙霧非常嚴重，從太空中都能看到。

Hello.

你好

I'm Beth.

我叫貝絲

And I'm Neil.

我是尼爾

In this programme, we look at one big news story and the vocabulary in the headlines that will help you understand it.

在本節目中，我們將介紹一則重大新聞，以及有助於您理解新聞的標題詞彙。

You can find all of the vocabulary and headlines from this episode, as well as a worksheet, on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

您可以在我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 上找到本集的所有詞彙和標題，以及一份工作表。

OK, so let's hear about this story.

好吧，讓我們來聽聽這個故事。

The smog in Lahore is at its worst level ever, seriously affecting the health of its 13 million residents.

拉合爾的霧霾達到了有史以來最嚴重的程度，嚴重影響了 1300 萬居民的健康。

The word smog is a combination of the words smoke and fog.

煙霧一詞由煙和霧組合而成。

Smog can cause sore throats, burning eyes, dizziness, chest tightness and coughing.

煙霧會導致喉嚨痛、眼睛灼痛、頭暈、胸悶和咳嗽。

People have been told to stay indoors, schools are closed and vehicles have been banned from the worst affected areas.

人們被告知留在室內，學校關閉，車輛禁止駛入受災最嚴重的地區。

The air quality index in the city has recently reached over 1000.

最近，該市的空氣質量指數已超過 1000。

Anything above 300 is considered dangerous.

超過 300 都被認為是危險的。

Let's have our first headline.

讓我們有第一個標題。

This comes from BBC News and it is...

這是 BBC 新聞報道的內容。

Pictures from space show mighty smog choking Lahore.

來自太空的圖片顯示，強大的煙霧籠罩著拉合爾。

And that headline again.

又是這個標題。

Pictures from space show mighty smog choking Lahore.

來自太空的圖片顯示，強大的煙霧籠罩著拉合爾。

And that's from BBC News.

這是 BBC 新聞的報道。

Now this headline says you can see how the mighty smog is choking Lahore from space.

現在這個標題說，你可以從太空中看到強大的煙霧是如何使拉合爾窒息的。

Mighty means very strong.

Mighty 意味著非常強大。

But we're looking at choking and choking is a very serious thing, isn't it, Beth?

但我們現在看到的是窒息 窒息是很嚴重的事 不是嗎 貝絲

What does it mean?

這意味著什麼？

Well, choke as a verb has two main meanings.

那麼，"噎 "作為動詞有兩個主要含義。

One is not being able to breathe because of something blocking your throat.

一種是由於喉嚨被東西堵住而無法呼吸。

So imagine a child choking on a small piece of food.

想象一下，一個孩子被一小塊食物噎住了。

It's very dangerous and the child will have to cough to push the food out to be able to breathe again.

這是非常危險的，孩子必須通過咳嗽把食物擠出來才能恢復呼吸。

And the other meaning is the act of stopping someone from breathing as a way of often attacking or even killing them using the hands.

而另一個含義則是指阻止他人呼吸的行為，通常是用手來攻擊甚至殺死他人。

And our headline has this second meaning.

我們的標題還有第二個含義。

Smog is choking Lahore.

拉合爾煙霧繚繞。

Yes, it's like the smog has metaphorical and is trying to choke or kill the population.

是的，這就像煙霧具有隱喻性，試圖窒息或殺死人口。

That's how it feels in the city.

這就是城市的感覺。

And we should also add that it's possible to use choke just to mean block.

我們還應該補充一點，"噎住 "也有可能只是指阻擋。

So, for example, the traffic was so heavy it was choking the roads.

例如，交通流量非常大，導致道路擁堵。

We've had choke stop someone breathing.

我們曾讓人窒息停止呼吸。

For example, the smoke from the fire was so thick it was choking the crowd.

例如，大火產生的濃煙嗆得人群喘不過氣來。

This is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.

這裡是 "從新聞中學習英語"，我們的播客介紹新聞標題。

Today we're talking about the smog in Pakistan.

今天我們來談談巴基斯坦的霧霾。

It is common for Lahore to have smog in winter but this year it's worse than usual.

拉合爾冬天經常有霧霾，但今年比往年更嚴重。

Yes, the main cause of this year's smog is a higher number of illegal fires, which farmers in Pakistan and neighbouring India use to burn their crops quickly and our pollution from coal-fired factories and heavy traffic.

是的，造成今年霧霾的主要原因是，巴基斯坦和鄰國印度農民用來快速燃燒農作物的非法火源增多，以及我們的燃煤工廠和繁忙交通造成的汙染。

Smog is especially bad in the winter because colder and drier air traps pollution rather than lifting it away like hot air does when it rises.

煙霧在冬季尤為嚴重，因為較冷和較乾燥的空氣會吸附汙染，而不是像熱空氣上升時那樣將汙染帶走。

So, let's have another headline.

那麼，讓我們換個標題吧。

This comes from the website of the charity Save the Children.

這段話來自慈善機構 "拯救兒童 "的網站。

Half of children in Pakistan out of school for second time this year as air pollution hits new highs.

由於空氣汙染達到新高，巴基斯坦半數兒童今年第二次失學。

That headline again.

又是這個標題。

Half of children in Pakistan out of school for second time this year as air pollution hits new highs.

由於空氣汙染達到新高，巴基斯坦半數兒童今年第二次失學。

And that's from the website of the charity Save the Children.

這是慈善機構 "拯救兒童 "網站上的內容。

This headline is about the pollution being so high that children can't go to school and we're looking at this phrase hits new highs.

這個標題是說汙染太嚴重，孩子們無法上學，我們看到這個短語創下了新高。

So, Beth, can you break that down for us?

那麼，貝絲，你能為我們分析一下嗎？

Yes.

是的。

Well, imagine I have a thermometer to measure temperature.

想象一下，我有一個測量溫度的溫度計。

As the temperature gets hotter and hotter, the line on the thermometer will get higher.

隨著溫度越來越高，溫度計上的線也會越來越高。

Now, hits means reaches.

現在，點擊率意味著到達率。

So when something hits new highs, the record reaches its highest level ever.

是以，當某事物創下新高時，該記錄也就達到了有史以來的最高水準。

So, hit a new high is like breaking a record.

是以，創下新高就像打破紀錄一樣。

Here the headline is talking about air pollution being at the highest level, the worst it's ever been.

這裡的標題說的是空氣汙染達到最高水準，是有史以來最嚴重的一次。

It's hit a new high.

它創下了新高。

Yes.

是的。

And there are other ways of saying this too.

還有其他的說法。

We can say that something soars to an all-time high or hits a record high.

我們可以說，某物飆升至歷史最高點或創下歷史新高。

And these phrases can be used to talk about all sorts of things that don't always have to be negative.

這些短語可以用來談論各種事情，不一定都是負面的。

For example, I could say, viewing figures for the TV show hit a new high last week.

例如，我可以說，上週電視節目的收視率創下了新高。

The show's producers are amazed.

節目製片人大吃一驚。

We've had hits new highs, reaches higher than ever before.

我們創下了新高，達到了前所未有的高度。

For example, she's excited because her company's value has hit new highs.

例如，她很興奮，因為她的公司價值創下了新高。

This is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.

這裡是 "從新聞中學習英語"，我們的播客介紹新聞標題。

Today we're talking about smog in Lahore, Pakistan.

今天我們要討論的是巴基斯坦拉合爾的煙霧問題。

Now, smog is obviously an environmental problem but it's not the same as climate change.

現在，霧霾顯然是一個環境問題，但它與氣候變化不同。

Smog is pollution in one area and only at certain times of the year and it's made of toxic particles and gases in the air.

霧霾是一年中僅在特定時間出現在某一地區的汙染，由空氣中的有毒顆粒和氣體組成。

Climate change, though, is a constant global issue where greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere and raise the Earth's temperature.

不過，氣候變化是一個持續的全球性問題，溫室氣體會滯留在大氣中，使地球溫度升高。

Now, our next headline is about this difference.

現在，我們的下一個標題就是關於這種差異的。

It's from UCA News, the blurred lines between smog and climate change.

這是來自 UCA News 的消息，霧霾和氣候變化之間的界限模糊不清。

That headline again from UCA News, the blurred lines between smog and climate change.

這又是 UCA News 的標題，霧霾和氣候變化之間的界限模糊不清。

This headline says there are blurred lines between smog and climate change and we're looking at blurred lines.

這個標題說，霧霾和氣候變化之間的界限模糊不清，而我們現在看到的就是模糊不清的界限。

Let's start with blur.

讓我們從模糊開始。

Now, Neil, you wear glasses.

尼爾，你戴眼鏡

If you don't have them on, then what happens?

如果不戴，會發生什麼？

Well, I'll just take them off now.

好吧，我現在就把它們摘下來。

Everything, Beth, is blurry.

貝絲，一切都很模糊。

I can't really see clearly.

我真的看不清楚。

OK, so this headline talks about blurred lines.

好吧，這個標題說的是界限模糊的問題。

If the lines are blurred or blurry then it's hard to see them clearly or it's hard to see where one line ends and another begins.

如果線條模糊不清，那麼就很難看清它們，或者很難看出一條線在哪裡結束，另一條線在哪裡開始。

So this expression means that the distinction between things isn't clear or it's hard to see the truth of a situation.

是以，這一表述的意思是，事物之間的區別並不清晰，或者說很難看清事情的真相。

Yes, and in the headline, blurred lines refers to the confusion between smog and climate change.

是的，在標題中，"界限模糊 "指的是霧霾和氣候變化之間的混淆。

They're both similar but are tackled in different ways so it can be hard to distinguish.

兩者相似，但處理方式不同，是以很難區分。

Smog is an urgent issue that needs local solutions, while climate change requires more long-term policies.

霧霾是一個亟待解決的問題，需要當地的解決方案，而氣候變化則需要更為長期的政策。

OK, now it's possible to change this expression but keep the same meaning.

好了，現在可以改變這種表達方式，但意思不變。

We can say that something blurs the lines between two things.

我們可以說，有些東西模糊了兩件事之間的界限。

For example, I'm reading a book at the moment that blurs the line between fact and fiction.

例如，我正在讀的一本書模糊了事實與虛構之間的界限。

We've had blurred lines, a distinction that is difficult to see.

我們的界限模糊，難以區分。

For example, some say there's a blurred line between love and hate.

例如，有人說愛與恨之間的界限很模糊。

That's it for this episode of Learning English from the News.

本期 "從新聞中學習英語 "節目到此結束。

We'll be back next week with another news story.

下週，我們將為您帶來另一則新聞。

If you've enjoyed this programme and are interested in stories about the page full of programmes all about climate change, find it at bbclearningenglish.com.

如果您喜歡這個節目，並對有關氣候變化的節目頁面故事感興趣，請訪問 bbclearningenglish.com。

And don't forget to follow us on social media.

別忘了在社交媒體上關注我們。

Just search for BBC Learning English.

只需搜索 BBC Learning English 即可。

Thanks for joining us and goodbye.

感謝您的參與，再見。

Bye.

再見。