I'm Georgie and we're ready to start, Phil.

我是喬吉 我們準備好開始了 菲爾 I'm Georgie and we're ready to start, Phil.

Phil?

菲爾？

Sorry, Georgie.

對不起，喬吉

I was just catching 40 winks, you know, getting some shut-eye, dozing, taking a nap.

我只是睡了 40 個懶覺，你知道的，就是閉目養神、打瞌睡、打個盹。

I was sleeping.

我在睡覺

Sleeping at work?

工作時睡覺？

Phil, how could you?

菲爾，你怎麼能這樣？

I know, I know.

我知道，我知道。

Sorry, I didn't sleep well last night.

對不起，我昨晚沒睡好。

I'll forgive you this time, but make sure you go to bed early tonight because getting a good night's sleep is incredibly important.

這次我原諒你，但今晚一定要早睡，因為睡個好覺非常重要。

For example, did you know that people who get enough sleep live about five years longer than people who don't?

例如，你知道睡眠充足的人比睡眠不足的人多活五年嗎？

Wow, so a good night's sleep can lengthen your life.

哇，原來睡個好覺可以延年益壽。

In this programme, we'll be finding out more about the benefits of sleep and, as usual, learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

在本節目中，我們將進一步瞭解睡眠的益處，並一如既往地學習一些有用的新詞彙。

But first, now that you've woken up, I have a question for you.

但首先，既然你已經醒了，我有個問題要問你。

Do you know how much of the average person's life is spent asleep?

你知道普通人一生中有多少時間是在睡眠中度過的嗎？

Is it a. a half, b. a quarter, or c. a third?

是 a. 二分之一，b. 四分之一，還是 c. 三分之一？

I think we spend about a third of our lives sleeping.

我想我們一生中大約有三分之一的時間都在睡覺。

OK, well I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme.

好吧，我會在節目最後揭曉正確答案。

The question of why humans sleep is not easy to answer.

人類為什麼要睡覺，這個問題並不容易回答。

In terms of evolution, why would it make sense to go unconscious every night, leaving yourself vulnerable to danger?

就進化論而言，為什麼每晚都昏迷不醒，讓自己容易遭受危險？

It can only mean that the benefits gained from sleep are huge.

這隻能說明睡眠帶來的好處是巨大的。

Here, science journalist Ginny Smith explains some of these benefits to BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Science.

在這裡，科學記者金妮-史密斯（Ginny Smith）向英國廣播公司第四臺的 "走進科學 "節目解釋了其中的一些好處。

So we've probably all experienced this, that if you've had a bad night's sleep and then you try do some work, you just can't concentrate.

是以，我們可能都有過這樣的經歷，如果你晚上睡得不好，然後你想做一些工作，你就是無法集中精力。

Your brain isn't in the right state to take in new information.

你的大腦沒有處於接受新資訊的正確狀態。

But we also need to sleep after we've learnt new things because that's when our brain consolidates the information, takes it from short-term storage to long-term storage, fits it in with other things we already know.

但我們在學習新知識後也需要睡覺，因為這時我們的大腦會鞏固資訊，將其從短期儲存轉為長期儲存，並將其與我們已經掌握的其他知識結合起來。

That old adage of if you've got a problem, sleep on it.

那句老話說的好，有問題就睡一覺。

Your brain does actually work on things during the night and you can often wake up and have solved the problem in your sleep.

實際上，你的大腦會在夜間工作，而且你經常會在睡夢中醒來並解決問題。

When we sleep, our brains refresh, leaving us feeling rested in the morning.

睡覺時，我們的大腦會煥然一新，讓我們在清晨感到精力充沛。

But after a bad night's sleep, it's more difficult to concentrate.

但睡不好覺後，注意力就更難集中了。

We can't take in or understand new information.

我們無法接受或理解新資訊。

We also have the saying, if you've got a problem, sleep on it.

我們還有一句俗話：有問題，睡一覺就解決了。

To sleep on it means to delay making a decision until you've had time to think about it.

所謂 "睡一覺"，就是延後做出決定，直到你有時間考慮清楚。

But that also turns out to be true scientifically speaking.

但從科學角度看，這也是事實。

During sleep, your brain really can work out problems and find solutions.

在睡眠中，你的大腦確實可以解決問題並找到解決方案。

But what about the other side of the story?

但故事的另一面又是怎樣的呢？

What happens when you get too little sleep, or none at all?

如果你睡得太少，或者根本沒睡，會發生什麼？

Here's Ginny Smith again, talking to BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Science.

下面是金妮-史密斯再次接受英國廣播公司第四臺節目 "走進科學"（Inside Science）的採訪。

Sleep deprivation is a form of stress and we know that when you are stressed, your sort of fight or flight response is activated and that causes all these changes in your body that focus on immediate survival over long-term health.

睡眠不足是一種壓力，我們知道，當你感到壓力時，你的戰鬥或逃跑反應就會被激活，從而導致你的身體發生所有這些變化，這些變化注重眼前的生存，而不是長期的健康。

But if we are chronically stressed, money worries or a stressful job or something that's going on forever or life or chronic sleep deprivation that's causing that level of stress, then you might constantly have a damped down immune system, which can then lead to all these knock-on problems.

但是，如果我們長期處於壓力之下，金錢的煩惱、工作的壓力、永遠持續下去的事情、生活或長期睡眠不足都會造成這種程度的壓力，那麼你的免疫系統就會不斷受到抑制，進而導致所有這些連鎖問題。

Having none or too little of something important is known as deprivation.

沒有或太少重要的東西被稱為匱乏。

Sleep deprivation is stressful for the body.

睡眠不足會給身體帶來壓力。

So stressful that it activates a fight or flight response.

壓力如此之大，以至於激活了戰鬥或逃跑反應。

Changes in the human body in response to a life-threatening situation, which make us either stay and fight the threat or run away from it.

人體在面對威脅生命的情況時發生的變化，它使我們要麼留下來與威脅抗爭，要麼逃離威脅。

As well as a fight or flight response, the stress of not getting enough sleep over a longer period also creates problems, including heart disease and a weakened immune system.

除了戰鬥或逃跑反應外，長期睡眠不足的壓力也會產生問題，包括心臟病和免疫系統衰弱。

Lack of sleep has these knock-on effects.

睡眠不足會產生這些連鎖反應。

It causes other things to happen, but not directly.

它會導致其他事情發生，但不是直接的。

Now do you see why it's so important to get a good night's sleep, Phil?

現在你明白為什麼睡個好覺如此重要了吧，菲爾？

Plus it will stop you sleeping at work again.

此外，它還能讓你在工作時不再睡覺。

Right, I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question.

好了，我想是時候揭曉問題的答案了。

Yes, you asked me how much of the average person's life is spent asleep, and I said it was about a third.

是的，你問我普通人一生中有多少時間是在睡眠中度過的，我說大約是三分之一。

Which was the correct answer.

這就是正確答案。

Assuming you sleep eight hours a day, the average person will sleep for 229,961 hours in their lifetime, or around one third of their life.

假設每天睡 8 小時，那麼平均每個人一生將睡 229961 小時，約佔其一生的三分之一。

OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with the phrases catch 40 winks, get some shut-eye, doze and take a nap, all of which mean to sleep.

好了，讓我們來回顧一下我們學過的詞彙，首先是 catch 40 winks、get some shut-eye、doze 和 take a nap 這幾個短語，它們的意思都是睡覺。

When someone takes in information, they understand it.

當一個人接受資訊時，他就會理解資訊。

If you have a problem and you sleep on it, you delay making a decision until you've had time to think about it.

如果你有一個問題，你卻在睡覺，你就會延後做出決定，直到你有時間去思考它。

Deprivation is an absence or too little of something important, such as food or sleep.

匱乏是指缺少或太少重要的東西，如食物或睡眠。

The fight or flight response describes changes in the human body in response to a dangerous situation, which make us either stay and fight the threat or run away from it.

戰鬥或逃跑反應描述的是人體在遇到危險情況時所發生的變化，這種變化會讓我們要麼留在原地與威脅作鬥爭，要麼逃離威脅。

And finally, if something has a knock-on effect, it causes other results indirectly.

最後，如果某件事情產生了連鎖效應，它就會間接導致其他結果。

Once again, our six minutes are up, but remember to join us again next time for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English.

我們的 6 分鐘時間又到了，但記得下次再來 6 Minute English 觀看更多熱門話題和實用詞彙。

Goodbye for now.

暫時再見。

Bye. 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com on your podcast app or visit bbclearningenglish.com.

再見。在播客應用程序上收聽來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 分鐘英語，或訪問 bbclearningenglish.com。