Developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s, it posits that individuals derive pride and self-esteem from their group connections, especially in times of national crisis. On one hand, this heightened group identification can foster positive outcomes, like unity and a shared sense of purpose.

該理論由亨利-塔傑菲爾（Henri Tajfel）和約翰-特納（John Turner）於 20 世紀 70 年代提出，認為個人從群體聯繫中獲得自豪感和自尊，尤其是在國家危機時期。一方面，這種對群體的高度認同可以產生積極的結果，如團結和共同的目標感。

On the other hand, critics argue that an overemphasis on group identity can lead to intergroup discrimination and a devaluation of outgroups.

另一方面，批評者認為，過分強調群體認同會導致群體間歧視和貶低外群體。

While group membership can offer comfort and clarity, it can also encourage exclusionary behaviors and reinforce divisions. For example, in sports, fans of a particular team may experience a strong sense of belonging and pride from their association with that team.

雖然群體成員身份可以帶來舒適感和明確性，但也可能助長排斥行為和強化分裂。例如，在體育運動中，某一特定球隊的球迷可能會從與該球隊的聯繫中體驗到強烈的歸屬感和自豪感。

This positive group identity can create a sense of unity and support among fans.

這種積極的群體認同感可以在粉絲中產生一種團結和支持感。

However, this affiliation can also result in hostility toward rival teams and their supporters, sometimes leading to behaviors like taunting or even violence at sporting events.

然而，這種從屬關係也可能導致對敵對球隊及其支持者的敵意，有時會導致體育賽事中的嘲諷甚至暴力等行為。

This illustrates how the positive aspects of group membership can be overshadowed by the potential for outgroup hostility.

這說明，群體成員身份的積極方面可能會被群體外的潛在敵意所掩蓋。