Huge thanks to Abbott for sponsoring this video.

非常感謝雅培贊助本視頻。

It all started in Australia in 1951.

一切始於 1951 年的澳洲。

A 14 year old boy named James Harrison underwent major chest surgery to remove an infected lung.

一位名叫詹姆斯-哈里森（James Harrison）的 14 歲男孩接受了胸部大手術，以切除受感染的肺部。

The procedure and recovery were absolutely brutal, requiring him to stay in the hospital for three months and receive over 13 units of blood.

手術和恢復過程絕對是殘酷的，他需要住院三個月，接受超過 13 個組織、部門的輸血。

Miraculously, James survived.

詹姆斯奇蹟般地活了下來。

Knowing how close he came to death, James was overcome with gratitude for the nameless donations that saved his life.

詹姆斯知道自己離死亡有多近，他對拯救他生命的無名捐款充滿了感激之情。

So, he decided to pay the world back and pledged to start donating himself when he turned 18.

是以，他決定回報這個世界，並承諾在自己 18 歲時開始捐獻。

There was just one problem, James hated needles.

只有一個問題，詹姆斯討厭打針。

How was he gonna donate blood?

他要怎麼捐血？

Well, he had a very simple but evidence-based approach.

他有一個非常簡單但以證據為基礎的方法。

Distraction, he just wouldn't look.

分心，他就是不看。

So two days later after his 18th birthday, James rolled up his sleeve, turned his head the other way, and the donation process had begun.

於是，在他 18 歲生日的兩天後，詹姆斯捲起袖子，把頭轉向另一邊，捐獻過程開始了。

Turns out, it wasn't so bad after all.

事實證明，情況並沒有那麼糟。

And James left with his head held high, proud to return the favor of donating blood that had saved him years before.

詹姆斯昂著頭離開了，他很自豪能夠回報多年前救過他的獻血者。

Maybe his donation would help a teenager going in for surgery just like him.

也許他的捐款能幫助像他一樣即將接受手術的青少年。

Maybe it would be used to treat a patient who survived a traumatic accident like a car crash.

也許它會被用來治療車禍等創傷性事故中倖存的病人。

Donated blood can be used to help treat cancer patients or mothers delivering babies.

捐獻的血液可用於幫助治療癌症患者或產婦。

The uses were truly endless, and in reality, James was just happy to contribute and save a few lives.

用途真是無窮無盡，而實際上，詹姆斯只是很高興能做出貢獻，拯救一些人的生命。

What he didn't realize was he would actually wind up saving millions, including his own grandson.

但他沒想到的是，他最終拯救了數百萬人，包括自己的孫子。

Here's how.

方法如下

His first donation went so well that he went to donate again and again and again for years.

他的第一次捐贈非常順利，以至於多年來他一次又一次地去捐贈。

Of course, waiting the required several days between donations before popping into one of Australia's donation centers.

當然，在進入澳洲的某個捐贈中心之前，需要在兩次捐贈之間等待幾天。

Then one day, something strange happened.

然後有一天，奇怪的事情發生了。

You see, in the 1960s, Australia was battling a bizarre epidemic.

20 世紀 60 年代，澳洲正與一種奇怪的流行病作鬥爭。

Thousands of babies were dying every year.

每年都有成千上萬的嬰兒夭折。

Some were stillborn, and others were born with severe brain damage.

有些是胎死腹中，有些則先天性腦損傷嚴重。

But it was a complete mystery.

但這完全是個謎。

Australia poured their resources into solving the problem until doctors finally realized the cause, rhesus disease.

澳洲為解決這個問題投入了大量資源，直到醫生們最終找到了原因--恆河猴病。

In order to explain this disease, we have to start with blood types.

要解釋這種疾病，我們必須從血型說起。

You might have heard of A, B, O, but following one of those letters, you might have also heard the words positive or negative.

你可能聽說過 A、B、O，但在其中一個字母之後，你可能還聽說過 positive 或 negative。

That represents the RH factor.

這就是相對溼度係數。

If you are RH positive, that means your red blood cells have a certain protein.

如果您是 RH 陽性，這意味著您的紅細胞中含有某種蛋白質。

If you are RH negative, you don't have it.

如果你是 RH 陰性，你就沒有它。

But if you are RH negative and are exposed to someone else's blood that is RH positive, you will start creating antibodies called RHIG to attack it.

但是，如果您是 RH 陰性血，但接觸到別人的 RH 陽性血，您就會開始產生稱為 RHIG 的抗體來攻擊它。

This scenario presents itself as a challenge usually during pregnancy, more specifically, a second pregnancy.

這種情況通常是在懷孕期間，更確切地說，是在第二次懷孕期間出現的。

For example, an RH negative mother is pregnant with a baby that is RH positive.

例如，RH 陰性的母親懷上了 RH 陽性的嬰兒。

The mother's blood comes into contact with the babies and starts creating antibodies against it.

母親的血液與嬰兒接觸後會產生抗體。

Now, this usually doesn't harm that first baby, but if there happens to be a future pregnancy and that next baby is RH positive also, the mother's blood is already primed to attack that baby.

現在，這通常不會對第一個孩子造成傷害，但如果以後又懷孕了，而下一個孩子也是 RH 陽性，那麼母親的血液就已經準備好攻擊這個孩子了。

Sadly, in the 1960s, this RH disease was sweeping the country and doctors were racing to develop a cure.

遺憾的是，在 20 世紀 60 年代，這種 RH 疾病席捲全國，醫生們都在爭分奪秒地研製治療方法。

They worked day and night studying the condition, testing treatment after treatment.

他們日以繼夜地研究病情，試驗一種又一種治療方法。

They eventually discovered that in order to solve the problem, they were gonna need those special antibodies rarely found in human blood.

他們最終發現，為了解決這個問題，他們需要那些在人類血液中很少發現的特殊抗體。

But in a nation of over 10 million Australians, how are they gonna find that needle in the haystack?

但是，在一個擁有 1,000 多萬澳大利亞人的國家裡，他們要如何大海撈針呢？

Doctors started looking in the most obvious place, the existing record of blood donors.

醫生們開始從最顯而易見的地方--現有的獻血者記錄--開始尋找。

One at a time, they reviewed samples from previous donors, thousands of names with no antibodies until James Harrison.

他們逐一查看了之前捐獻者的樣本，在詹姆斯-哈里森之前，數千個名字都沒有抗體。

And his blood didn't just contain them, he was unusually producing them constantly.

他的血液中不僅含有這些物質，而且還在異常地不斷產生這些物質。

Australia no longer just wanted James's blood, they needed it.

澳洲不再只是想要詹姆斯的血，他們需要它。

So authorities came to James with a humble request.

於是，當局向雅各提出了一個卑微的請求。

Would he continue to donate his blood and work with health officials to develop a cure?

他還會繼續捐血並與衛生官員合作開發治療方法嗎？

James answered the call, opened his veins and gave all he could.

詹姆斯響應號召，敞開心扉，傾盡全力。

Scientists took the donations, separated his blood into red blood cells, which they then returned back to James, and continued testing his plasma.

科學家們接受了捐贈，將他的血液分離成紅細胞，然後將紅細胞送回詹姆斯體內，並繼續檢測他的血漿。

And after countless tests and failed batches, they finally, wait, plasma?

經過無數次試驗和失敗後，他們終於，等等，血漿？

Let me explain.

讓我來解釋一下。

Turns out your blood is actually made up of mostly plasma, which is a straw colored fluid that helps transport your red blood cells, platelets and other goodies throughout your body.

原來，您的血液實際上主要由血漿組成，血漿是一種稻草色的液體，有助於將您的紅細胞、血小板和其他好東西運送到全身各處。

I actually did a video in the past where I showed my own plasma on camera.

實際上，我過去曾錄製過一段視頻，在鏡頭前展示了自己的血漿。

It's super important, but unfortunately plasma can't be made in a lab, and we're in serious need of more.

它超級重要，但不幸的是，血漿無法在實驗室中製造，我們非常需要更多的血漿。

That's where you actually come in.

這才是你真正要做的。

You don't need to have James's antibody-rich special blood to help.

你不需要擁有詹姆斯富含抗體的特殊血液也能幫上忙。

You see, there's a serious need for donors because the need for plasma-derived medicines has dramatically risen over the last 20 years, with more and more people needing these therapies to treat primary immunodeficiency diseases, hemophilia, burns, and so many more.

在過去的 20 年裡，越來越多的人需要這些療法來治療原發性免疫缺陷病、血友病、燒傷等疾病，是以對捐獻者的需求非常迫切。

That's why it's so important to take a page from James's book and go out to donate yourself.

這就是為什麼從詹姆斯的書中吸取教訓，自己出去捐贈是如此重要的原因。

There are plasma donation centers all across the country for your convenience.

全國各地都有血漿捐贈中心，為您提供方便。

The process usually takes under two hours, and you can go up to twice a week in the US.

整個過程通常不超過兩個小時，在美國每週最多可以去兩次。

I see the importance of plasma donations all the time in my office.

在我的辦公室裡，我經常看到捐獻血漿的重要性。

And remember how my mom desperately needed plasma when she was battling cancer?

還記得我媽媽在與癌症抗爭時是如何迫切需要血漿的嗎？

That still stays with me.

我至今記憶猶新。

Over 125,000 Americans rely on medications made from plasma, and you can make a world of a difference right now.

超過 125,000 名美國人依賴血漿製成的藥物，而您現在就可以發揮重要作用。

To learn more and find out where you can donate, visit betheonedonor.com or click the link in the description now.

欲瞭解更多資訊並瞭解捐贈地點，請訪問 betheonedonor.com 或點擊描述中的鏈接。

All right, let's get back to our hero.

好了，讓我們回到我們的英雄身上。

James's plasma was a success, and scientists used it to create a treatment called anti-D.

詹姆斯的血漿獲得了成功，科學家們利用它創造出了一種名為抗 D 的療法。

Interesting name.

有趣的名字

When timed correctly, giving it to a pregnant patient prevents the immune system from making those harmful antibodies towards the baby's blood.

如果時間安排得當，給孕婦服用這種藥物就能防止免疫系統產生對嬰兒血液有害的抗體。

Basically, it hides the baby's RH-positive blood from the mother's immune system so her body doesn't react against it, thereby protecting them and the future babies from being attacked.

基本上，它能將嬰兒的 RH 陽性血液從母親的免疫系統中隱藏起來，這樣母親的身體就不會對其產生反應，從而保護他們和未來的嬰兒免受攻擊。

Australia rolled out the anti-D, and boy, did it make a difference.

澳洲推出了抗 D 藥物，天啊，它確實發揮了作用。

He made the decision to switch from donating blood to donating plasma, as it would allow him to donate more frequently.

他決定從捐血改為捐獻血漿，因為這樣可以讓他更頻繁地捐血。

Thousands of babies were being saved every year, so James kept donating and donating and donating every couple of weeks or so for one year, five years, 25 years, 60 years.

每年都有成千上萬的嬰兒獲救，是以詹姆斯不斷地捐獻，每隔幾周就捐獻一次，一年、五年、25 年、60 年。

All in all, James made 1,173 donations over six decades, saving the lives of over two million babies.

六十年來，詹姆斯總共捐獻了 1173 次，挽救了 200 多萬嬰兒的生命。

But the story doesn't end there.

但故事並沒有就此結束。

You see, he gave his final donation at the age of 81, finally retiring to focus on his own health.

你看，他在 81 歲時做了最後一次捐贈，最終退休，專注於自己的健康。

There are only about 200 people in Australia whose blood produces the necessary antibodies, and James definitely donated the most.

澳洲只有約 200 人的血液能產生所需的抗體，而詹姆斯無疑是捐獻最多的人。

That means for 60 plus years, every single batch of anti-D that had been produced in Australia was made in part from his blood, and now researchers are actually working to develop a synthetic version of his antibodies that they're playfully calling James in a Jar.

這意味著，60 多年來，澳洲生產的每一批抗 D 型血都有一部分是用他的血液製成的。現在，研究人員實際上正在努力開發一種合成版的他的抗體，他們戲稱這種抗體為 "罐中詹姆斯"（James in a Jar）。

Talk about bad medical puns.

說到糟糕的醫學雙關語。

His 1,173 donations is a world record, and one that he's actually eager for someone to break because of how many lives that would save.

他的 1173 次捐款創下了世界紀錄，而且他非常希望有人能打破這一紀錄，因為這將拯救多少人的生命。

He probably also didn't expect that many years after all that donating, his own daughter would receive an anti-D injection made from his blood, saving the life of her unborn son.

他可能也沒有想到，在捐獻多年後，他自己的女兒收到了用他的血液製成的抗 D 注射液，挽救了她未出生兒子的生命。

A generation later, that boy, James's grandson, is now expecting his first child.

一代人之後，那個男孩，詹姆斯的孫子，現在正懷著他的第一個孩子。

James's blood literally created a treatment that had saved his own family.

詹姆斯的血液創造了一種治療方法，拯救了他自己的家庭。

These days, James lives a peaceful life on the coast of Australia, retired from his career working on railroads, proud of the lives he's been able to save.

如今，詹姆斯在澳洲海邊過著平靜的生活，他從鐵路工作崗位上退休，為自己能夠拯救的生命感到自豪。

And despite his impact, James remains humble, saying we can blame him for Australia's huge increase in population.

儘管詹姆斯影響深遠，但他依然謙遜地說，澳洲人口的大幅增長可以歸咎於他。

Visit BeTheOneDonor.com or click the link in the description now to find a donation center near you so you can follow James's lead and help save lives.

請訪問 BeTheOneDonor.com 或點擊描述中的鏈接，查找您附近的捐贈中心，這樣您就可以效仿詹姆斯，幫助拯救生命。

A teenage girl actually fell out of an airplane and crash landed into the Amazon jungle.

一個十幾歲的女孩真的從飛機上掉了下來，墜落在亞馬遜叢林中。

Click here to see the miraculous story of how she survived.

點擊這裡查看她如何倖存下來的神奇故事。

And as always, stay happy and healthy.

一如既往，保持健康快樂。