The traditional combustion engine has been around for a century and a half, like we are seeing here in this Brussels museum.

傳統的內燃機已經存在了一個半世紀，就像我們在布魯塞爾博物館看到的一樣。

But electric batteries are increasingly replacing them, so that the vehicles do not emit polluting gases.

但是，電動電池正越來越多地取代它們，從而使車輛不排放汙染氣體。

But there is a catch.

但有一個問題。

China is flooding the market with cheaper models and the European industry is selling fewer and fewer.

中國的廉價車型充斥市場，而歐洲工業的銷量越來越少。

So the European Commission wants to impose higher tariffs on them starting in November.

是以，歐盟委員會希望從 11 月開始對它們徵收更高的關稅。

Our program UDecoded will decipher this measure for you.

我們的程序 UDecoded 將為您破譯這一措施。

Chinese electric cars sold in the EU have quadrupled between 2020 and 2023 from 1.9% to 8.8%.

2020 年至 2023 年，中國在歐盟銷售的電動汽車從 1.9% 增長到 8.8%，翻了兩番。

And share of the market could reach 17% next year, says the European Commission.

歐盟委員會表示，明年該市場的份額可能達到 17%。

These cars currently pay a 10% tariff.

目前，這些汽車的關稅為 10%。

But tariffs ranging from 7.8% to 35.3% will be added depending on the brand.

但根據不同的品牌，關稅將從 7.8% 到 35.3% 不等。

So why are the Chinese cars cheaper?

那麼，為什麼中國汽車更便宜呢？

Because the Beijing government provides large subsidies to the production.

因為北京政府為生產提供了大量補貼。

The European tariffs are meant to bring the prices closer to those of the European brands.

歐洲關稅的目的是使價格更接近歐洲品牌的價格。

But will the consumers agree with this strategy?

但消費者會同意這一戰略嗎？

In Belgium, we understand that it is very, very difficult to keep low prices with the cost of work that is very high.

在比利時，我們知道，在工作成本非常高的情況下，要保持低廉的價格是非常非常困難的。

Here in Belgium, as you can see, there are a lot of factories that are closing.

在比利時，正如您所看到的，有許多工廠正在關閉。

So if Chinese cars have just been implanted at the car company that will close in a short time, then yes, if they are cheaper and it can keep employment in Belgium, it is still more important.

是以，如果中國汽車剛剛被植入汽車公司，而這家公司在短時間內就會倒閉，那麼是的，如果中國汽車更便宜，而且可以在比利時保留就業，那麼它還是更重要的。

I think Europeans are able to produce electrical cars as good as the Chinese do.

我認為歐洲人生產電動汽車的能力不亞於中國人。

So if the laws are in favor, like in Norway, for example, there are a lot of helps of the government to help Norwegian people to buy electrical cars.

是以，如果法律支持，比如在挪威，政府會提供很多幫助，幫助挪威人購買電動汽車。

So if we do the same in the European Union, of course, I will try to buy an European one.

是以，如果我們在歐盟也這樣做，我當然會儘量買歐洲的。

To further decode this topic, we will now talk with a colleague from Euronews who focuses on this issue.

為了進一步解密這一話題，我們現在將採訪歐洲新聞社的一位關注這一問題的同事。

Hello, Jorge.

你好，豪爾赫

So before deciding on the tariffs, the European Commission conducted an investigation into the Chinese electric car industry.

是以，在決定徵收關稅之前，歐盟委員會對中國電動汽車行業進行了調查。

What was the scope and the findings?

研究的範圍和結果是什麼？

The Commission found an ecosystem of subsidies.

委員會發現了一個補貼生態系統。

We're talking about cheap loans, we're talking about grants, tax reductions, even green bonds.

我們說的是廉價貸款，我們說的是贈款、減稅，甚至是綠色債券。

All of these together help Chinese companies lower the prices of their electric vehicles and sell them abroad with a clear advantage.

所有這些都有助於中國企業降低電動汽車的價格，並以明顯的優勢將其銷往國外。

So the 27 EU member states had to vote on this measure and five of them were against it.

是以，歐盟 27 個成員國必須就這一措施進行表決，其中 5 個國家反對。

Notably, Germany, which is an important powerhouse in the automotive industry.

尤其是德國，它是汽車工業的重要強國。

But Italy and France, for example, are in favor.

但意大利和法國等國卻表示支持。

So what divides them?

那麼，是什麼讓他們產生分歧呢？

On the one hand, we have France, the Netherlands, Poland, Italy as well, supporting the tariffs because they believe that if these tariffs are not applied, the European carmakers are going to be pushed out of this very lucrative sector that is going to become more and more important as countries transition towards climate neutrality.

一方面，法國、荷蘭、波蘭和意大利都支持徵收關稅，因為他們認為，如果不徵收關稅，歐洲的汽車製造商就會被擠出這個利潤豐厚的行業。

We have to say that Germany recognizes the existence of unfair competition, but believes tariffs are not the correct solution because Germany fears the tariffs could trigger a trade war with China.

我們不得不說，德國承認不公平競爭的存在，但認為關稅不是正確的解決辦法，因為德國擔心關稅會引發與中國的貿易戰。

And on the other side is the Chinese government that has reacted quite angrily to this from the outset.

而另一方是中國政府，它從一開始就對此做出了相當憤怒的反應。

So what is their position and can they still stop the tariffs with a political solution?

那麼，他們的立場是什麼，他們還能通過政治解決方案阻止關稅嗎？

So China has had a very antagonistic position and in fact has threatened retaliation against key European products such as dairy, brandy and also pork.

是以，中國採取了非常對立的立場，事實上還威脅要報復歐洲的主要產品，如乳製品、白蘭地和豬肉。

So the tensions are really high.

是以，局勢非常緊張。

Thank you, Jorge, for these explanations.

謝謝你，豪爾赫，謝謝你的解釋。

We hope to have you soon in EU Decoded.

我們希望您能儘快訪問《歐盟解碼》。

And let's now show some important facts and figures.

現在我們來展示一些重要的事實和數據。

Around 13.8 million people work in the European Union's automotive industry, which represents more than 7% of the EU's wealth produced in one year.

約有 1380 萬人在歐盟的汽車行業工作，佔歐盟一年所創造財富的 7% 以上。

However, the market share of battery electric cars was only 21% in 2023 and even fell to 14.4% this year.

然而，2023 年電池電動汽車的市場份額僅為 21%，今年甚至降至 14.4%。

By the way, do you know that by 2035 the EU has to stop selling new combustion engine cars?

順便問一下，您知道到 2035 年，歐盟必須停止銷售新的內燃機汽車嗎？

The goal is to help reduce the consumption of polluting fossil fuels.

目標是幫助減少汙染化石燃料的消耗。

So a lot more electric cars need to be on the roads.

是以，需要有更多的電動汽車上路。

On our Decoding journey, we will now talk to the chair of the International Trade Committee in the European Parliament.

在解碼之旅中，我們將與歐洲議會國際貿易委員會主席對話。

Hello, Mr. Bernard Lange.

你好 伯納德-朗格先生

Hello.

你好

So the tariffs are expected to come into force in November and stay for five years.

是以，關稅預計將於 11 月生效，並持續五年。

Many people say it's the beginning of a trade war.

很多人說這是貿易戰的開始。

Can a political solution still be found with China to stop this process?

還能與中國找到政治解決方案來阻止這一進程嗎？

Let's see how the negotiations will go on.

讓我們拭目以待談判的進展。

And perhaps it will take even longer than the 30th of October.

也許比 10 月 30 日還要久。

But the purpose of the whole exercise is to find a solution to avoid illegal subsidies so that we have really a level playing field.

但整個工作的目的是找到一個避免非法補貼的解決方案，以便我們有一個真正公平的競爭環境。

So China is already targeting in the same way with higher tariffs on European Union agricultural goods.

是以，中國已經在以同樣的方式對歐盟農產品徵收更高的關稅。

Could we expect these measures and this process to have also a cost to the European market in terms of money but in image in the global markets?

我們是否可以預期這些措施和進程也會給歐洲市場帶來金錢上的損失，以及在全球市場上的形象損失？

Of course.

當然。

Now the Chinese side is gambling and playing a little bit with so-called countermeasures.

現在，中方正在賭一把，玩一下所謂的反制措施。

And if there is something going on, then we, of course, are able to go to the WTO and make a case on that.

如果發生了什麼事情，我們當然可以向世貿組織提出申訴。

To keep the European electric car industry competitive, manufacturers are asking for other measures like easy access to minerals for the batteries and expansion of the charging points for the owners of these cars and others.

為了保持歐洲電動汽車行業的競爭力，製造商們還要求採取其他措施，比如為電池提供便利的礦產資源，以及為這些汽車的車主和其他人擴大充電點。

Are European executives doing enough on this?

歐洲高管在這方面做得夠不夠？

We have to support the development of batteries.

我們必須支持電池的發展。

You know, batteries are making round about 30 up to 40 percent of the added value in an electric car.

要知道，電池約佔電動汽車附加值的 30% 至 40%。

So we need the production in Europe, high technology, long range batteries.

是以，我們需要在歐洲生產高科技、長壽命電池。

So there we have to invest.

是以，我們必須進行投資。

One red flag showing that the European car industry is at risk was the decision to close some factories of electric models in Germany and Belgium.

德國和比利時決定關閉一些電動車型的工廠，這是歐洲汽車工業面臨風險的一面紅旗。

Thank you for watching and don't miss next week's program for more decoding on European policies.

感謝您的收看，不要錯過下週的節目，瞭解更多歐洲政策解碼。