The minute you stop scrolling, they lose money.

你一停止滾動，他們就會賠錢。

All their algorithms are designed with literally one goal.

它們的所有算法都只為一個目標而設計。

What will keep you scrolling?

什麼能讓你持續滾動？

That's it.

就是這樣。

That's the goal, right?

這就是目標，對嗎？

So as the algorithms and the AI were figuring out what keeps people scrolling, they bumped into, they uncovered a human quirk, which is not the intention of anyone at Facebook or YouTube or any of these places, which is called, it's a very well-documented psychological phenomenon called negativity bias, which is basically means we will stare at something negative longer than we will stare at something positive.

是以，當算法和人工智能在研究是什麼讓人們不斷滾動時，他們發現了人類的一個怪癖，這並不是 Facebook、YouTube 或任何這些地方的人的本意，這就是所謂的 "消極偏差"，它是一種非常有據可查的心理現象，基本上意味著我們盯著負面事物的時間會比盯著正面事物的時間長。

Anyone who's ever been driving down the motorway and passed a car crash knows exactly what I'm talking about.

在高速公路上開車經過車禍的人都知道我在說什麼。

You stare at the car crash longer than you stare at the pretty flowers on the other side of the road, right?

你盯著車禍的時間比盯著路邊漂亮花朵的時間還長，對嗎？

And this is, negativity bias goes very deep. 10 week old babies will stare longer at an angry face than a smiling face.

這就是，負面偏見非常深刻。10 周大的嬰兒盯著生氣的臉看的時間會比盯著微笑的臉看的時間長。

But when this meets algorithms designed to maximize the harvesting of attention, this produces a catastrophic effect.

但是，當這種情況遇到旨在最大限度地獲取注意力的算法時，就會產生災難性的後果。

And this was, this is not my view.

這不是我的觀點。

This is what Facebook itself found in its own internal research, which we've now had leaked.

這是 Facebook 自己在內部研究中發現的，現在我們已經得到了洩露的資訊。

Imagine a teenager, group of teenagers go to a party.

想象一下，一個青少年、一群青少年去參加一個聚會。

One of them goes home and on the bus on the way home, they say, that was a really lovely party.

其中一個人回家後，在回家的公車上，他們說，這真是一個可愛的聚會。

I enjoyed it.

我很喜歡。

Everyone looked great.

每個人看起來都很棒。

And they were so nice.

他們人都很好。

Another teenager from the same party posts, God, Karen looked like a right slag tonight.

天啊，凱倫今晚看起來就像個蕩婦。

Her boyfriend, Jim is a twat.

她的男朋友吉姆是個混蛋。

What does the algorithm do?

算法有什麼作用？

The second one is more like the car crash.

第二個更像是車禍。

People will stare at it longer.

人們會盯著它看更長時間。

The algorithm will promote it in the feed.

算法會將其推廣到 feed 中。

It will put it much higher.

這將使它變得更高。

The nice one, that's going to be way down if anyone sees it, right?

漂亮的那個，如果被人看到就會很難看，對吧？

The algorithm select for anger because anger will keep you scrolling, right?

算法會選擇憤怒，因為憤怒會讓你繼續滾動，對嗎？

This was inherent to the Facebook business model.

這是 Facebook 商業模式的固有特點。

And the only alternative was for Facebook to abandon its business model and adopt what they called an anti-growth model where they said, we won't grow as a company, but we won't set the world on fire, right?

唯一的選擇是 Facebook 放棄其商業模式，採用他們所謂的 "反增長模式"，他們說，我們公司不會增長，但我們也不會讓世界著火，對嗎？

The Wall Street Journal who got leaked it.

被洩露的《華爾街日報》。

They said, their new story said, after he received this report, Mark Zuckerberg asked that he never be brought any reports like this ever again, right?

他們說，他們的新報道說，馬克-扎克伯格收到這份報告後，要求再也不要給他這樣的報告，對嗎？

So, you know, they know what they're doing.

所以，你知道，他們知道自己在做什麼。

They're tied to their business model.

它們與自己的商業模式息息相關。

They're only going to stop doing it when we make them.

只有當我們逼他們的時候，他們才會停止這樣做。

But this machinery that is amping us up into anger, firstly, it destroys attention.

但是，這種讓我們憤怒的機器，首先會破壞我們的注意力。

When you're angry, it's much harder to pay attention.

當你生氣時，就更難集中注意力了。

We've all had that experience, but also it's devastating for the society.

我們都有過這樣的經歷，但這對社會來說也是毀滅性的。

And we've got to deal with that.

我們必須解決這個問題。

At the moment, if you've got all these smart engineers and they've got one incentive, how do I take Stephen's attention the absolute most I can, right?

目前，如果你有這麼多聰明的工程師，而他們只有一個動機，那就是我怎樣才能最大限度地吸引斯蒂芬的注意力，對嗎？

They don't work for you, but they work for the advertiser.

他們不為你工作，卻為廣告商工作。

You have to change the incentives and then they will do it.

你必須改變激勵機制，然後他們才會去做。

When the incentives change, then obviously their behaviour changes, right?

當激勵機制發生變化時，他們的行為顯然也會發生變化，對嗎？

If they want to please you rather than pleasing the advertiser, then of course the market will then provide all sorts of ways.

如果他們想取悅你，而不是取悅廣告商，那麼市場當然會提供各種方式。

At the moment, the competition is how do I maximally invade your attention?

目前，競爭的焦點是我如何最大限度地吸引你的注意力？

If we move to a new business model, the competition is what does Stephen actually want?

如果我們轉向新的商業模式，那麼競爭的焦點就是斯蒂芬究竟想要什麼？

If Stephen wants to know where his friends are so we can have a drink with them, okay, give him that button.

如果斯蒂芬想知道他的朋友們在哪裡，好讓我們和他們喝一杯，好吧，把那個按鈕給他。

What else does Stephen want?

斯蒂芬還想要什麼？

Stephen wants to meditate.

斯蒂芬想冥想。

Oh, we'll give him that button.

哦，我們會給他那個按鈕的。

You can see how once they're figuring out what you want, not what the advertisers want, then of course the market begins to experiment and there'll be a thousand innovations.

你可以看到，一旦他們弄清楚了你想要什麼，而不是廣告商想要什麼，市場當然就會開始嘗試，並出現無數創新。