We know what it looks like, and some of us know what it feels like.

我們知道它的樣子，有些人還知道它的感覺。

We know that it can be dangerous if left untreated, but we also know that it can be treated successfully.

我們知道，如果不及時治療，這種疾病會很危險，但我們也知道，這種疾病是可以成功治療的。

But where does it come from? One common explanation for depression is having a chemical imbalance, but a recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry stated there isn't clear evidence of the two being related.

但抑鬱症從何而來？ 抑鬱症的一種常見解釋是化學失衡，但最近發表在《分子精神病學》（Molecular Psychiatry）上的一項研究指出，並沒有明確的證據表明兩者之間存在關聯。

There are several other theories that may describe causes of depression.

還有其他一些理論可以描述抑鬱症的病因。

Some of them focus on life events, some focus on changes inside the body, but one thing is for sure, if you understand what caused you to fall into the depths of depression, you have a much better chance of gaining control of it. To help you in your journey, here are four alternative explanations for depression.

其中有些側重於生活事件，有些側重於身體內部的變化，但有一點可以肯定的是，如果你瞭解了導致你陷入抑鬱深淵的原因，你就有更大的機會來控制它。 為了幫助你走好這條路，這裡有四種對抑鬱症的替代解釋。

Let us know which one describes you in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們哪一個描述了你。

Trigger warning, we mentioned unaliving briefly in the third point.

觸發警告，我們在第三點中簡短地提到了 "無法生存"。

We've put timestamps in the description so we can skip that point if you'd like.

我們在描述中加入了時間戳，是以如果您願意，我們可以跳過這一點。

Disclaimer, depression is a serious mental illness if untreated.

免責聲明：抑鬱症如果不及時治療，是一種嚴重的精神疾病。

If you feel you or a loved one may be showing signs of depression, please contact a mental health professional. Number one, the day it all changed.

如果您覺得您或您的親人可能有抑鬱症的跡象，請聯繫心理健康專家。 第一，一切改變的那一天。

One night, Bruce Wayne and his parents were walking in an alley from their night at the theater.

一天晚上，布魯斯-韋恩和他的父母剛從劇院出來，正走在一條小巷裡。

That night, well, I think we all know what happened in that night, but because of it, Bruce became Batman.

那一晚，我想我們都知道發生了什麼 但正因為那一晚，布魯斯成為了蝙蝠俠

Just like I've called justice, depression can sometimes be caused by major life events.

就像我所說的正義，抑鬱症有時可能是由重大生活事件引起的。

Let's take starting a new school or a university, for example.

以創辦新學校或大學為例。

This is a brand new stage of life which brings a lot of new challenges.

這是一個全新的人生階段，會帶來很多新的挑戰。

According to a research article published in BMC Public Health, it's important to note how students perceive those challenges.

BMC 公共衛生》上發表的一篇研究文章指出，重要的是要注意學生如何看待這些挑戰。

Are they able to manage the demands of everyday life?

他們是否能夠應付日常生活的需求？

Can they meet their personal goals or resist peer pressure as well as academic or financial pressure?

他們能否實現個人目標或抵禦同伴壓力以及學業或經濟壓力？

If the answer is no to most of these questions, it's possible the student isn't adapting well and could possibly be showing early signs of depression.

如果上述大部分問題的答案都是否定的，那麼該學生有可能沒有很好地適應，並有可能出現抑鬱症的早期症狀。

Some other examples of major life events can be moving away, starting a new job, starting a family, or losing a loved one.

其他一些重大生活事件包括搬家、開始新工作、組建家庭或失去親人。

Going through a major life event and not knowing how to navigate the changes can cause you to get overwhelmed and fall into depression.

經歷了人生大事，卻不知道如何應對這些變化，可能會讓你不知所措，陷入抑鬱。

Was there a time in your life when something big changed and as a result you felt sad or depressed, but it lingered?

在你的生活中，是否曾有過發生重大變故的時候，是以你感到悲傷或沮喪，但這種感覺卻揮之不去？

That major life event might be the cause. 2.

生活中的重大事件可能就是原因。 2.

Self-Isolation: The Greek philosopher Aristotle described humankind as social animals.

自我封閉：希臘哲學家亞里士多德將人類描述為社會動物。

As such, we are unable to live isolated from others.

是以，我們無法與世隔絕。

Aristotle's theory is echoed in modern day too.

亞里士多德的理論在現代也得到了迴應。

Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University, says that being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need, crucial to both well-being and survival.

楊百翰大學心理學和神經科學教授朱莉安娜-霍爾特-倫斯塔德（Julianne Holt-Lunstad）說，與他人建立社會聯繫被廣泛認為是人類的基本需求，對幸福和生存都至關重要。

A 2020 study published in the medical journal The Lancet shows that even small periods of isolation can have long-term effects of psychiatric symptoms, including depression.

2020 年發表在醫學雜誌《柳葉刀》上的一項研究表明，即使是一小段時間的孤獨也會對包括抑鬱症在內的精神症狀產生長期影響。

Can you think of anything that happened recently that forced everyone to isolate on some level?

你能想到最近發生了什麼事，迫使每個人在某種程度上與世隔絕嗎？

If you said the recent COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine, you'd be correct.

如果你說最近的 COVID-19 大流行和隔離，那你就說對了。

A research study published in Brain Science found that social isolation and social dissatisfaction were associated with greater depressive symptoms during the pandemic.

腦科學》雜誌發表的一項研究發現，在大流行病期間，社會隔離和社會不滿與抑鬱症狀加重有關。

How did you handle being isolated from others during the pandemic?

在大流行期間，您是如何處理與他人隔離的關係的？

Did you enjoy the alone time or perceive it as loneliness or solitude?

您是享受獨處的時光，還是將其視為孤獨或寂寞？

If you said the latter, this could be the cause for your depression. 3.

如果您說的是後者，這可能就是您抑鬱的原因。 3.

An Important Mineral: Researchers believe that magnesium plays a critical role in brain function, mood and psychiatric disorders.

一種重要的礦物質研究人員認為，鎂在大腦功能、情緒和精神疾病中起著至關重要的作用。

In a recent 2020 paper, scientists explain how magnesium is essential for correct functioning of the central nervous system.

在最近 2020 年的一篇論文中，科學家解釋了鎂如何對中樞神經系統的正常運作至關重要。

A research study published in the Journal of Affective Disorder found reduced levels of magnesium in those who have unalived themselves.

一項發表在《情感障礙雜誌》上的研究發現，在那些自己沒有活過的人體內，鎂的含量有所降低。

Low magnesium levels are also found in anxious individuals.

焦慮的人體內也會出現低鎂水準。

Dr. Tracy Marks, a psychiatrist, calls this relationship a loop that feeds on itself.

精神科醫生特蕾西-馬克斯（Tracy Marks）博士稱這種關係為 "循環往復"。

Stress lowers your magnesium levels, and low magnesium levels further increase your stress, making you feel more anxious and depressed.

壓力會降低你的鎂含量，而低鎂含量會進一步增加你的壓力，使你感到更加焦慮和抑鬱。

Do you think you might be magnesium deficient?

您認為自己可能缺鎂嗎？

If so, please talk to your doctor.

如果是，請諮詢您的醫生。

They will be able to run blood tests and suggest further steps in your treatment. 4.

他們可以為您進行血液化驗，並提出進一步的治療建議。 4.

It's a Gut Feeling: Have you ever had to run to the bathroom on a night before an important exam, or saying you're sick to your stomach when anxious?

這是一種直覺：你是否曾在重要考試的前一晚跑去廁所，或在焦慮時說自己反胃？

What about feeling butterflies in your stomach when you're falling in love?

當你墜入愛河時，會不會感到胃裡有蝴蝶在飛舞？

These examples illustrate how your stomach is connected to your brain and your emotions, something scientists call the gut-brain axis.

這些例子說明了胃與大腦和情緒之間的聯繫，科學家稱之為 "腸腦軸"。

Austin Perlmutter, a doctor of internal medicine, said for fortune.com The food that you eat has a direct effect on your brain function.

奧斯汀-珀爾馬特（Austin Perlmutter）是一位內科醫生，他為財富網（fortune.com）說道，"你吃的食物會直接影響你的大腦功能。

A bad diet can cause an imbalance of bacteria in the gut, which is associated with inflammation.

不良飲食會導致腸道內細菌失衡，從而引發發炎。

A study published in the journal Current Neuropharmacology shows that inflammation can negatively affect mood and cause mental health problems.

發表在《當前神經藥理學》（Current Neuropharmacology）雜誌上的一項研究表明，發炎會對情緒產生負面影響，導致心理健康問題。

What does this all mean?

這一切意味著什麼？

Your gut is a direct elevator to the brain.

腸道是直達大腦的電梯。

When your gut bacteria is off, it can be the cause of your brain's neurotransmitters being off and causing mental illnesses like depression.

腸道細菌一旦失調，就會導致大腦神經遞質失調，引發抑鬱症等精神疾病。

Alas, there's hope.

唉，希望還是有的。

A recent 2022 study found that using good bacteria and probiotics can act as a great addition to traditional treatment of depression.

最近 2022 年的一項研究發現，使用有益菌和益生菌可以作為傳統抑鬱症治療方法的重要補充。

If you think this is the reason for your depression, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your symptoms and next steps. It's important to note that a person rarely becomes depressed because of one single reason.

如果您認為這就是您抑鬱的原因，請與您的醫生預約，討論您的症狀和下一步措施。 需要注意的是，一個人很少會因為一個單一的原因而變得抑鬱。

Most of the time, depression can be from a combination of factors.

大多數情況下，抑鬱症可能是由多種因素造成的。

There are many more possible causes that we didn't cover in this video.

還有很多可能的原因，我們在本視頻中沒有涉及。

Should we make a part 2?

我們是否應該製作第二部分？

Whatever the cause may be, we strongly encourage you to seek treatment if you're feeling unhappy.

無論原因是什麼，我們都強烈建議您在感到不開心時尋求治療。

This is important because it will allow them to create the best possible treatment plan that will work for you specifically.

這一點很重要，因為這可以讓他們制定出最適合您的治療方案。

Whatever it is that you need, you deserve to get that help.

無論你需要什麼，你都應該得到幫助。

Do you think there's something else that might be making you depressed?

你是否認為還有其他原因導致你情緒低落？

Share it with us in our community.

在我們的社區與我們分享。

We'll be happy to listen.

我們很樂意傾聽。

Until next time!

下次再見