Hello everyone, my name is David Taylor, and it's a real pleasure to be with you today to talk about this thing right here, the literature review.

大家好，我是戴維-泰勒，很高興今天能和大家一起討論文獻綜述這個問題。

You know, I thought a good way to begin today would be to talk about, not what the literature review is first, but to maybe first talk about what the literature review is not.

你知道，我認為今天開始的一個好方法不是先談談什麼是文獻綜述，而是先談談什麼不是文獻綜述。

And one thing that the literature review is not, is that it is not an essay.

而文獻綜述有一點不是，那就是它不是一篇論文。

It is not a research paper.

這不是一篇研究論文。

The literature review is part of your essay.

文獻綜述是論文的一部分。

The literature review is part of your research paper.

文獻綜述是研究論文的一部分。

Or maybe it's a stand-alone product, if you're in a master's degree or doctoral degree program, and you have to do that first.

或者，如果你正在攻讀碩士或博士學位課程，這可能是一個獨立的產品，你必須先完成這個課程。

But regardless of whether it's part of your research essay, or a stand-alone product, one thing the literature review does not do, it does not state, prove, illustrate, cooperate, or develop your main points.

但是，不管它是研究論文的一部分，還是獨立的產品，文獻綜述有一點是做不到的，那就是它不會陳述、證明、說明、配合或發展你的主要觀點。

That's in the body of your essay.

這是在文章的正文中。

The literature review does not do that.

文獻綜述沒有做到這一點。

It does not provide the body or development section of your essay, or your paper.

它不提供文章或論文的主體或發展部分。

Well, what the heck does it do then?

那它到底是做什麼的？

Well, the literature review is divided into the following key terms.

那麼，文獻綜述分為以下幾個關鍵術語。

First is this whole idea of, what the heck is the literature?

首先是 "文學到底是什麼？

The literature is simply those major works that have been published about your narrow topic.

文獻指的是已出版的與你的狹義主題相關的主要作品。

Now remember, I said narrow topic there, because you're not going to be reviewing every published thing on a broad topic like steroid use by athletes.

記住，我說的是狹義的話題，因為你不可能對運動員使用類固醇這樣的廣義話題的所有已發表文章都進行評論。

You're going to have a more narrow topic like steroid use by high school athletes, or steroid use by baseball players.

你會有一個更狹窄的話題，比如高中運動員使用類固醇，或者棒球運動員使用類固醇。

And so you're going to be reviewing the major works just on that narrow topic.

是以，你們要回顧的主要作品都是關於這個狹窄的主題的。

So that's the first thing that you need to know.

所以，這是你需要知道的第一件事。

The literature is the published, peer-reviewed sources on a narrow topic.

文獻是指已出版的、經同行評審的、關於某一特定主題的資料來源。

The second thing the literature review is, is that that narrow topic and all those sources published on it are going to be reviewed.

文獻綜述的第二件事是，要對狹義的主題和就該主題發表的所有資料進行綜述。

And what the heck is a review?

什麼是評論？

Well, a review is simply a way of looking at something and taking a snapshot of it.

那麼，評論就是對某一事物進行觀察和拍攝快照的一種方式。

That's what a review is.

這就是評論。

And what is that snapshot going to capture?

這張快照能捕捉到什麼？

That snapshot is going to capture the major concepts, the major points, the major outcomes, the major whatever in that source.

該快照將捕捉主要概念、要點、主要成果，以及來源中的主要內容。

It's not going to be a detailed write-up of that one source.

這不會是一篇詳細介紹該消息來源的文章。

It's going to be a snapshot of it.

這將是它的一個縮影。

And then once you get all those snapshots done, you're going to show the relationships between those snapshots.

一旦完成所有這些快照，就可以顯示這些快照之間的關係。

And in talking about those relationships, you're probably going to be putting them in some kind of timeline situation.

而在談論這些關係時，你很可能會把他們放在某種時間軸上。

Maybe not.

也許不是。

But the key is that you're going to be extracting just the major elements and then the relationships among those major elements, maybe on a timeline type situation.

但關鍵在於，你要提取的只是主要元素，然後是這些主要元素之間的關係，也許是在時間軸類型的情況下。

Now, the next thing to know about the literature review is why the heck are you doing all this stuff?

現在，關於文獻綜述要知道的下一件事是，你到底為什麼要做這些事情？

Well, I think there are three reasons probably why you're doing all this stuff in school.

我認為，你在學校做這些事大概有三個原因。

And the first one is, of course, to improve your own understanding.

首先，當然是提高自己的認識。

As an undergraduate researcher coming into these topics or into this discipline on the undergraduate level, one of the first things that you have to do is to build your understanding, build your background, build your expertise in a particular discipline and subjects in that discipline.

作為一名大學生研究人員，在大學階段進入這些課題或這門學科，首先要做的事情之一就是在特定學科和學科中建立自己的理解、建立自己的背景、建立自己的專業知識。

Then, and of course in this paper, once you have built your expertise or your knowledge in this particular subject, you're going to be demonstrating that knowledge, demonstrating that expertise to your professor, because this is a college assignment.

然後，當然，在這篇論文中，一旦你在這個特定的主題上建立了你的專業技能或知識，你就要向你的教授展示這些知識和專業技能，因為這是大學作業。

But you know what the real purpose of a literature review is?

但你知道文獻綜述的真正目的是什麼嗎？

It's a reader service.

這是一項讀者服務。

It's something you're doing as a favor for your readers.

這是你為讀者做的一件好事。

And what are you doing?

你在做什麼？

You are bringing them up to date.

你讓他們跟上了時代的步伐。

Have you ever had this experience where you've run into an old friend after a number of years?

您是否有過這樣的經歷：多年後，您遇到了一位老朋友？

What's the first thing you and that old friend do?

你和那位老朋友做的第一件事是什麼？

You ask each other, hey, what have you been doing all these years?

你會問對方，嘿，這些年你都在做什麼？

Fill me in.

告訴我

Update me.

告訴我最新情況

You're doing the same thing in a literature review.

你在文獻綜述中也是這麼做的。

You're filling them in.

你在填補它們。

You're updating them.

你正在更新它們。

And by bringing them up to date, then you can start at the present again.

將它們更新，你就可以從現在開始。

You see what I'm saying?

你明白我在說什麼嗎？

You kind of bring them along that timeline of the past, letting them know the key element.

你把他們帶入過去的時間線，讓他們瞭解關鍵因素。

Remember the major concept?

還記得主要概念嗎？

The key elements in your life.

你生活中的關鍵因素

And once you're there, boom, then you can start.

一旦你到了那裡，"轟 "的一聲，你就可以開始了。

And that's the dividing line between the literature review and the rest of your paper or the development.

這就是文獻綜述與論文其他部分或發展之間的分界線。

You go all their ideas, the past scholars, the past researchers, boom.

他們的想法、過去的學者、過去的研究人員，都會被你一一收錄。

And then come your ideas, your present life, so to speak.

然後是你的想法，可以說是你現在的生活。