If you had lived about 100 years ago and walked down any street, just about everybody you saw would be wearing a hat.

如果你生活在 100 年前，走在大街上，你看到的每個人幾乎都戴著帽子。

If you went back another 100 years, 200 years, 500 years, the story would be pretty much the same.

如果你再往前追溯 100 年、200 年、500 年，故事也會大同小異。

Regardless of the age, regardless of the season or the social class of the people, very few of them would have been walking around bareheaded.

無論什麼年代，無論什麼季節，也無論人們的社會階層如何，很少有人會光著頭走來走去。

My grandparents were born at the end of the 19th century and as a child I remember that they rarely left the house without a hat on.

我的祖父母出生於 19 世紀末，在我兒時的記憶中，他們出門很少不戴帽子。

They were not rich people, they lived in a council house near Birmingham, but my grandmother especially would never have dreamt of leaving the house without a hat or at the very least a headscarf.

他們並不富裕，住在伯明翰附近的一棟市政房裡，但我的祖母尤其不會夢想出門不戴帽子，至少也不會戴頭巾。

Naturally the summer headwear was lighter than the winter headwear, but she wore a hat nonetheless.

夏天的頭飾自然比冬天的頭飾輕，但她還是戴了一頂帽子。

I seem to remember my grandfather always wore a flat cap all year round.

我似乎記得我的祖父一年四季都戴著一頂平頂帽。

So my question is why is this not the case today?

那麼我的問題是，為什麼今天的情況不是這樣呢？

Sure, both in hot climates and even more so in frigid climates there are people who wear hats, but not everyone.

當然，無論是在炎熱的氣候下，還是在寒冷的氣候下，都會有人戴帽子，但並不是每個人都戴。

I'm from a western country so I'm focusing on the transformation here, but by and large the situation seems to have been the same in most parts of the world.

我來自西方國家，所以我只關注這裡的變革，但總的來說，世界大部分地區的情況似乎都是一樣的。

I'm often amused when watching films set in historical periods and I see the main characters wandering around bareheaded.

在觀看以歷史時期為背景的電影時，我經常會看到主角們光著腦袋四處遊蕩，這讓我感到非常有趣。

It's obvious why they do this, they want to give the stars of the movie or the TV series maximum exposure, but what's the point of it making a historical film or a series without at least some historical accuracy?

他們這樣做的原因顯而易見，他們想讓電影或電視劇的明星獲得最大的曝光率，但如果沒有至少一定程度的歷史準確性，拍攝歷史電影或電視劇又有什麼意義呢？

I suppose I'm being naive.

我想我太天真了。

The history of hats is rich and varied.

帽子的歷史豐富多彩。

In ancient Egypt both men and women wore headdresses, the most famous is the Nims headcloth worn by the pharaohs such as Tutankhamen.

在古埃及，男人和女人都戴頭飾，最著名的是圖坦卡門等法老佩戴的尼姆斯頭巾。

Originally Egyptians wore simple linen head wraps to protect themselves from the sun.

最初，埃及人戴著簡單的亞麻布頭巾來防晒。

The Greeks wore wide brimmed pestasos hats, while the In the early medieval period hats really began to take off.

希臘人戴寬邊的 pestasos 帽，而在中世紀早期，帽子真正開始流行起來。

Men often wore hoods or coifs, close fitting caps, while the better off women wore veils and wimples.

男子通常戴著兜帽或盤發，即緊身帽，而條件較好的婦女則戴著面紗和頭巾。

In the late medieval period the chaperon, a hooded cloak with a long tail, became popular.

在中世紀晚期，帶帽長尾斗篷（chaperon）開始流行起來。

Women's headdresses grew more elaborate with hynnis, tall conical hats, becoming fashionable among the nobility.

婦女的頭飾越來越精緻，高高的錐形帽（hynnis）在貴族中成為時尚。

Naturally the type of hat you wore was determined by the class you were from and in many European countries in medieval times there were laws called sumptuary laws which determined who could wear what.

當然，你所戴帽子的類型是由你所處的階級決定的，在中世紀，許多歐洲國家都有被稱為 "衣冠法 "的法律來決定誰可以戴什麼帽子。

Many of these laws were originally designed to restrict extravagant consumption but in the end they were used to restrict the poor from aping their betters.

其中許多法律最初是為了限制奢侈消費，但最終卻被用來限制窮人效仿他們的貴族。

In the 15th and 16th centuries hat fashion became more ornate.

15 和 16 世紀，帽子變得更加華麗。

Men wore flat caps and berries with feathers while many people wore the cavalier hat and later came the tricorn, called so because it had kind of three horns.

男人們戴平頂帽和帶羽毛的漿果帽，許多人則戴騎兵帽，後來又出現了三角帽，之所以叫三角帽是因為它有三個角。

Then came the bicorn, two horns.

然後是雙角獸，兩隻角。

The 19th century saw the introduction of hats much more familiar to us today.

19 世紀出現了我們今天更為熟悉的帽子。

The top hat emerged in the late 18th century and it became a symbol of the urban sophistication in the 19th century.

高禮帽出現於 18 世紀晚期，在 19 世紀成為城市精緻生活的象徵。

Women's hats were often decorated with It was designed by British hat makers Thomas and William Bowler.

女帽上通常裝飾著英國制帽商托馬斯和威廉-鮑勒設計的帽子。

They had been commissioned to create a hat that would protect the heads of the gamekeepers in the estate of Thomas Coke, the first Earl of Leicester, because the top hats commonly worn by gamekeepers were often dislodged by low hanging branches as they rode on horseback.

他們受託為萊斯特首任伯爵托馬斯-科克（Thomas Coke）的莊園製作一頂可以保護獵場看守人頭部的帽子，因為獵場看守人通常戴的大禮帽在他們騎馬時經常被低垂的樹枝弄掉。

The result was a more rounded design with a lower crown made of felt, stiff felt material.

結果，設計更加圓潤，下部的錶冠由硬毛氈材料製成。

It provided some protection.

它提供了一些保護。

It and similar hats became the headwear of choice for working men precisely because of the protection they provided in an area when hard hats did not exist.

它和類似的帽子之所以成為工人們的首選頭飾，正是因為在沒有硬禮帽的年代，它們能提供保護。

The bowler hat spread all over the world.

圓頂禮帽傳遍了全世界。

It spread toward the America where it was known as the Derby.

它向美洲傳播，在那裡被稱為德比。

In fact it was the most common headwear in the American West.

事實上，它是美國西部最常見的頭飾。

Not the Stetson as the filmmakers would have you believe.

而不是電影製片人想讓你相信的斯泰森。

I know, I can't help having a dig at filmmakers but they are such easy targets.

我知道，我忍不住要挖苦電影製片人，但他們是如此容易成為眾矢之的。

In the 20th century the bowler hat took over from the top hat as the headwear of choice for many urban businessmen and professionals.

20 世紀，圓頂禮帽取代了高頂禮帽，成為許多城市商人和專業人士的首選頭飾。

This is the image that the bowler hats have today.

這就是圓頂硬禮帽今天的形象。

The English gentleman with the bowler hat and the rolled umbrella and probably a newspaper going to work in a This image was out of date even when I was young and that's going back a few years.

英國紳士戴著禮帽，卷著雨傘，可能還拿著一份報紙去上班。

The 20th century saw the birth of the fedora which was originally a woman's hat.

20 世紀，聯邦帽誕生了，它最初是一頂女帽。

The colche, sorry the cloche hat became popular in the 1920s.

上世紀 20 年代，"Colche"（對不起，是 "Cloche"）帽開始流行。

I remember one of my grandmother's sisters wearing one of these still in the 1970s.

我記得我祖母的一個姐妹在 20 世紀 70 年代還穿著這樣的衣服。

I haven't spoken about military headwear.

我還沒有談到軍裝頭飾。

Suffice it to say that throughout history soldiers have been influenced by fashion just as much as their civilian counterparts.

可以說，縱觀歷史，阿兵哥和平民一樣受到時尚的影響。

So what happened in the 20th century?

20 世紀發生了什麼？

Why did hats suddenly almost die out?

為什麼帽子會突然幾乎絕跡？

Not completely but to a large extent.

不完全是，但在很大程度上是。

Let's first consider why people wore them in the first place.

讓我們先來思考一下，人們最初為什麼要穿它們。

The obvious answer was to protect themselves from the cold in the winter and the hot in the summer.

答案顯而易見，那就是冬天防寒，夏天防熱。

But this is not the fashion statement, an indicator of social status, a badge of your occupation or as a cultural identity.

但這不是時尚宣言，不是社會地位的標誌，不是職業的徽章，也不是文化身份的象徵。

Here are some of the reasons why the popularity of hats declined.

以下是帽子受歡迎程度下降的一些原因。

Throughout the 20th century particularly after World War II there was an important shift towards more casual and relaxed dress.

在整個 20 世紀，尤其是第二次世界大戰之後，人們的著裝發生了重大轉變，變得更加休閒和輕鬆。

So hats as a symbol of class and status were less important.

是以，帽子作為階級和地位的象徵就不那麼重要了。

This was especially true among the younger generation.

這種情況在年輕一代中尤為突出。

The rise of youth culture in the 1950s and 1960s emphasised rebellion against traditional norms including formal dress codes.

二十世紀五六十年代興起的青年文化強調對傳統規範（包括正式著裝規範）的反叛。

The change in our urban environment is something that many of us are not really aware of.

我們許多人都沒有真正意識到城市環境的變化。

People spend far less time exposed to the elements.

人們暴露在自然環境中的時間大大減少。

As people increasingly moved to urban areas and started using cars the practicality of improvements in heating and air conditioning reduced the need for hats to provide warmth.

隨著人們越來越多地搬到城市地區並開始使用汽車，暖氣和空調的實用性也得到了改善，從而減少了對帽子取暖的需求。

It is said that wearing a hat reduces body heat loss by 30 percent.

據說戴帽子可以減少身體 30% 的熱量流失。

Heat rises after all.

畢竟熱量會上升。

The World Wars had a significant impact on fashion.

世界大戰對時尚產生了重大影響。

Military headgear influenced civilian styles.

軍用頭飾影響了民用風格。

The most popular military hats of the 20th century in all armies of the period were the side cap and the beret.

20 世紀所有軍隊中最流行的軍帽是邊帽和貝雷帽。

The reason was that they were easy to store when soldiers swapped them for helmets.

原因是當阿兵哥們把它們換成頭盔時，便於存放。

This might explain the continued survival of the ubiquitous baseball cap.

這或許可以解釋為什麼無處不在的棒球帽依然存在。

You can fold it and stick it in your pocket.

你可以把它折起來放進口袋裡。

Try doing that with one of these.

試試用這些東西做這個。

As usual celebrities had an influence.

和往常一樣，名人也會產生影響。

JF Kennedy famously went about bareheaded and this caused a few raised eyebrows.

肯尼迪曾光頭出門，這引起了一些人的注意。

In the 1960s going bareheaded became associated with modernity.

20 世紀 60 年代，光頭開始與現代性聯繫在一起。

Women's hats had always been more complex and restrictive.

女帽一直以來都比較複雜，限制性較強。

The women's liberation movement of the 1960s and 70s indirectly promoted practical and less restrictive clothing and hats became less of a daily requirement.

20 世紀六七十年代的婦女解放運動間接地促進了實用性和較少限制性的服裝，帽子也不再是日常必需品。

All this had an impact on high quality hats and the decline in demand led to many hat manufacturers to close down.

所有這些都對高質量帽子造成了影響，需求的下降導致許多帽子製造商倒閉。

This reduced the availability further contributing to the decline in hat wearing.

這進一步減少了帽子的供應量，導致戴帽子的人數減少。

It was a vicious circle.

這是一個惡性循環。

Improvements in hair care products and services made people more interested in showing off their hairstyles.

護髮產品和服務的改進使人們更喜歡展示自己的髮型。

Why spend a fortune at the hairdressers or the barbers just to cover the end result with a hat?

為什麼要在理髮店或理髮師那裡花一大筆錢，只為了用一頂帽子遮住最終的結果？

While hats have not completely gone out of fashion their role and significance have changed.

雖然帽子還沒有完全過時，但其作用和意義已經發生了變化。

They are now more often worn for specific occasions and functional purposes like sun protection or sports.

現在，人們更多是在特定場合或出於防晒或運動等功能性目的而佩戴。

They are also popular on special occasions.

它們在特殊場合也很受歡迎。

If you go to a lot of British weddings or horse races there are hats everywhere.

如果你經常參加英國的婚禮或賽馬，就會發現到處都是帽子。

Luckily hats can be hired these days.

幸運的是，現在可以僱人戴帽子了。

While I understand why hat wearing has declined I do feel a little bit sorry.

雖然我理解為什麼戴帽子的人越來越少，但我確實感到有點遺憾。

It's as if we've lost something.

我們好像失去了什麼。

I'm not a great hat wearer myself to be honest but the main reason for that is that I'm very forgetful and if I wore hats I'd be leaving them all over the place just like I do with umbrellas.

老實說，我自己也不太喜歡戴帽子，但主要原因是我很健忘，如果我戴帽子，我就會把帽子丟得到處都是，就像我丟雨傘一樣。

Bye for now.

再見。