Viewer discretion is advised.

建議觀眾謹慎觀看。

Um, hey, CGPT, uh, I'm feeling a bit bored today, do you want to chat with me?

呃，嘿，CGPT，呃，我今天感覺有點無聊，你想和我聊聊嗎？

Of course, I'm here for you.

當然，我是為你而來的。

What's on your mind?

你在想什麼？

We can chat about anything, whether it's something light and fun, deep and thoughtful, or even just random topics.

我們可以無所不談，無論是輕鬆有趣的話題，還是深邃深思的話題，甚至只是隨意的話題。

What's something you've been curious about lately?

你最近對什麼事情感到好奇？

Well, I am interested to learn about herbs, so let's talk about herbs today.

好吧，我有興趣瞭解草藥，那我們今天就來談談草藥吧。

How about you start with telling me what are herbs, you know, the botanical definition and stuff, and maybe cultural definition too?

不如你先告訴我什麼是草藥，你知道的，植物學定義之類的，或許還有文化定義？

Culturally, herbs have a broader meaning.

在文化上，草藥有更廣泛的含義。

They've been used throughout history in culinary practices, traditional medicine, and rituals.

歷史上，它們一直被用於烹飪、傳統醫藥和儀式中。

For example, in many cultures, herbs like sage and rosemary are believed to have protective or purifying properties.

例如，在許多文化中，鼠尾草和迷迭香等草藥被認為具有保護或淨化的功效。

In culinary traditions, herbs add distinct flavors and aromas to dishes, often being the cornerstone of a cuisine's identity, like cilantro in Mexican cuisine, or basil in Italian cooking.

在烹飪傳統中，香草為菜餚增添了獨特的風味和香氣，往往是菜餚特色的基石，如墨西哥菜中的香菜或意大利菜中的羅勒。

So, herbs are not just plants, they're deeply embedded in our cultural practices, health, and daily lives.

是以，草藥不僅僅是植物，它已深深融入我們的文化習俗、健康和日常生活。

What aspect of herbs are you most curious about?

您對草藥的哪個方面最好奇？

Okay, interesting.

好吧，有意思。

It sounds like spice though, so can you tell me what are the differences between herbs and spice?

聽起來像是香料，您能告訴我香草和香料有什麼區別嗎？

Spices add flavor, aroma, and sometimes even medicinal properties to dishes, teas, and remedies.

香料可為菜餚、茶和藥方增添風味、香氣，有時甚至還具有藥用價值。

Spices, on the other hand, come from other parts of the plant, like seeds, bark, roots, or fruits.

而香料則來自植物的其他部分，如種子、樹皮、根或果實。

Examples include cinnamon bark, cumin seeds, and ginger root.

例如肉桂皮、小茴香籽和姜根。

Spices are typically dried and ground, and they tend to have a stronger, more intense flavor compared to herbs.

香料通常是晒乾和磨碎的，與香草相比，它們的味道往往更濃郁、更強烈。

In cooking, herbs often add freshness and subtlety, while spices bring warmth and depth.

在烹飪過程中，香草往往能增加新鮮感和細膩感，而香料則能帶來溫暖和深度。

Both are crucial in creating complex, flavorful dishes.

這兩者對於製作複雜、美味的菜餚都至關重要。

Curious about specific herbs or spices?

對特定的草藥或香料感到好奇？

Actually, thank you for your explanation, it seems to be quite interesting, but I'm not quite sure I totally understand so.

其實，謝謝你的解釋，看起來挺有意思的，但我不太確定自己是否完全理解了。

Let's try to explore this topic in other direction, like what are the differences between herbs and crops, you know?

讓我們試著從另一個方向來探討這個話題，比如草藥和農作物之間有什麼區別，你知道嗎？

Herbs and crops are both plants, but they serve different purposes and are often cultivated differently.

草藥和農作物都是植物，但它們的用途不同，種植方式也往往不同。

Herbs are primarily grown for their aromatic leaves, stems, or flowers, which are used in cooking, medicine, or for their fragrance.

種植香草主要是為了獲得芳香的葉、莖或花，用於烹飪、入藥或散發香味。

They are usually smaller plants, often grown in gardens or pots, and are harvested frequently for ongoing use.

它們通常是較小的植物，通常種植在花園或花盆中，經常採摘以供持續使用。

Think of herbs like basil, thyme, or rosemary, plants that you pick from regularly but don't typically consume in large quantities.

想想羅勒、百里香或迷迭香等香草，這些植物你經常採摘，但通常不會大量食用。

Crops, on the other hand, refer to plants grown on a larger scale for food, fiber, or other products.

而農作物則是指為生產食物、纖維或其他產品而大規模種植的植物。

They're usually grown in fields and harvested in bulk.

它們通常在田地裡生長，批量收穫。

Examples include wheat, corn, or rice, plants that are staples in our diet and are grown for mass consumption.

例如小麥、玉米或大米，這些植物是我們的主食，是為大眾消費而種植的。

In addition, crops provide sustenance, while herbs enhance flavor, offer medicinal benefits, or add fragrance.

此外，農作物可以提供養料，而草藥則可以提味、提供藥用價值或增加香味。

Does that distinction help clarify things?

這種區別是否有助於澄清問題？

Yeah, they help a lot.

是啊，他們幫了大忙。

I do have another question though.

不過，我還有一個問題。

So what are the differences between herbs and crops?

那麼，草藥和農作物之間有什麼區別呢？

Because I feel like crops look very different than herbs, but I cannot point my finger at what are the differences.

因為我覺得農作物和草本植物看起來很不一樣，但我無法指出它們有什麼不同。

So what are the differences between herbs and crops?

那麼，草藥和農作物之間有什麼區別呢？

Great question.

問得好

The main differences between herbs and shrubs lie in their structure, size, and lifecycle.

草本植物和灌木的主要區別在於它們的結構、大小和生命週期。

Herbs are small, non-woody plants.

草本植物是一種非木質的小型植物。

They have soft stems that generally die back to the ground each year after flowering.

它們的莖很柔軟，每年開花後一般都會枯死在地上。

Herbs are usually low-growing and have a shorter lifespan, typically living for just one growing season, annuals, or a few years, perennials.

草本植物通常生長緩慢，壽命較短，一年生植物通常只有一個生長季，多年生植物則只有幾年。

Examples include basil, mint, and cilantro.

例如羅勒、薄荷和香菜。

Shrubs, on the other hand, are woody plants that are larger and have multiple stems arising from the base.

灌木則是較大的木本植物，從基部生出多根莖。

They don't die back each year, but instead grow taller and bushier over time.

它們每年都不會枯死，而是隨著時間的推移長得更高更茂盛。

Shrubs are usually perennial, meaning they live for many years.

灌木通常是多年生植物，這意味著它們可以存活很多年。

Common shrubs include rosemary, which can be both an herb and a shrub, lilac, and boxwood.

常見的灌木包括迷迭香（既是草本植物又是灌木）、丁香和黃楊。

So while herbs are soft and often smaller, shrubs are woody and typically larger, with a more permanent structure.

是以，草本植物質地柔軟，通常較小，而灌木是木質的，通常較大，結構也更牢固。

Interesting, interesting.

有趣，有趣

So from what are you talking about, it appears that one of the main differences between herbs and shrubs are the different structure of their stems.

從你所說的內容來看，草本植物和灌木的主要區別之一是莖的結構不同。

So can you tell me more about the detail about how the herb stems usually structure, and what type of stems do herbs have?

那麼，您能告訴我更多關於草本植物莖的結構細節嗎？

Absolutely.

當然可以。

The structure of herb stems is a key difference.

草本植物莖的結構是關鍵區別。

Herb stems are typically soft, flexible, and green because they're non-woody.

草本植物的莖通常柔軟、有彈性、綠色，因為它們不木質化。

These stems are often called herbaceous.

這些莖通常被稱為草本植物。

Since they don't contain the thick, lignified tissue found in woody plants, herb stems are more delicate and can easily be crushed or broken.

由於草本植物的莖不像木本植物那樣含有厚厚的木質化組織，是以草本植物的莖比較脆弱，很容易被壓斷或折斷。

This softness allows herbs to grow quickly, but also means they usually don't survive harsh conditions, like winter, without dying back.

這種柔軟的特性使草本植物生長迅速，但也意味著它們通常無法在嚴酷的條件下（如冬天）存活下來而不枯萎。

Herbs usually have one of the following stem types.

草本植物的莖通常有以下幾種類型。

One, square stems, found in plants like mint or basil, where the stems are four-sided and can be easily felt when touched.

一種是方形莖，見於薄荷或羅勒等植物，莖呈四邊形，觸摸時很容易感覺到。

Two, round stems, more common as seen in parsley or dill, where the stem is smooth and circular.

兩根圓形的莖，在歐芹或蒔蘿中比較常見，莖光滑且呈圓形。

Three, hollow stems, like in fennel or coriander, where the stem is tube-like and hollow inside.

三、莖中空，如茴香或香菜，莖呈管狀，內部中空。

These stems are often packed with the aromatic oils that give herbs their distinctive flavors and scents.

這些莖通常含有芳香油，賦予草藥獨特的味道和香味。

Interesting.

有意思

Thank you so much for clarification.

非常感謝你的澄清。

Now I have an overall understanding of what herbs are.

現在，我對草藥有了全面的瞭解。

To better understand it, I think it's a good idea that we can have some examples.

為了更好地理解它，我認為我們可以舉一些例子。

So, for example, let me ask you a question.

舉個例子，我問你一個問題。

Is banana an herb?

香蕉是一種草藥嗎？

Here's why.

原因就在這裡。

The banana tree doesn't have a woody stem.

香蕉樹沒有木質莖。

Instead, it has a pseudostem made up of tightly packed leaf bases.

相反，它的假莖由密密麻麻的葉基組成。

This pseudostem is soft and flexible, fitting the definition of an herbaceous plant.

這種假莖柔軟而有彈性，符合草本植物的定義。

After the banana plant produces fruit, the pseudostem dies back, and a new one often grows from the base.

香蕉植株結果後，假莖會枯死，通常會從基部長出新的假莖。

So, even though bananas might seem like they grow on a tree, the lack of true woody tissue makes the entire plant an herb.

是以，儘管香蕉看起來像是長在樹上，但由於缺乏真正的木質組織，整株植物都是草本植物。

This is a great example of how botanical definitions can differ from what we might expect based on everyday observations.

這是一個很好的例子，說明植物學的定義可能與我們根據日常觀察所預期的不同。

That is interesting and unexpected.

這很有趣，也出乎意料。

Hmm, let's try another one.

嗯，讓我們再試一次。

Is celery an herb?

芹菜是一種草本植物嗎？

Celery is not typically classified as an herb.

芹菜通常不屬於草本植物。

It's considered a vegetable.

它被認為是一種蔬菜。

However, it does have some characteristics of herbs.

不過，它確實具有一些草藥的特性。

Celery is a biennial plant, which means it has a two-year life cycle.

芹菜是一種二年生植物，這意味著它的生命週期為兩年。

The part of celery we commonly eat, the crunchy stalk, is actually the plant's petiole, the stem that connects the leaf to the main stem.

我們常吃的芹菜脆莖部分實際上是植物的葉柄，即連接葉片和主莖的莖。

While celery has a soft, herbaceous stem, like herbs, it's grown mainly for its edible stalks rather than for its leaves or aromatic qualities, which are the main focus of herbs.

與香草一樣，芹菜也有柔軟的草本莖，但種植芹菜主要是為了食用莖稈，而不是為了葉子或香氣，因為香草主要是為了葉子或香氣。

That said, celery leaves and seeds are often used as herbs or spices in cooking, especially in soups, salads, and seasoning mixes, due to their distinct flavor.

儘管如此，芹菜葉和籽因其獨特的風味，經常被用作烹飪中的香草或香料，尤其是在湯、沙拉和混合調味料中。

So, while celery is a vegetable by classification, parts of it can be used similarly to herbs in cooking.

是以，雖然芹菜在分類上屬於蔬菜，但在烹飪中，芹菜的某些部分也可以像香草一樣使用。

Interesting, interesting.

有趣，有趣

Then how about potatoes?

那麼洋芋怎麼樣？

Is potato an herb?

馬鈴薯是一種草藥嗎？

Interesting, thank you.

有意思，謝謝。

I think I have an overall understanding of what herbs are.

我想我已經對什麼是草藥有了整體的瞭解。

Let's talk about more detailed classification of herbs.

讓我們來談談更詳細的草藥分類。

Let me think about this.

讓我想一想。

Let's start with how many herbs are there?

我們先來看看有多少種草藥？

Culinary herbs.

烹飪香草

These are used in cooking, such as basil, thyme, and parsley.

羅勒、百里香和歐芹等都用於烹飪。

Medicinal herbs, used in traditional medicine, like chamomile, echinacea, and ginseng.

傳統醫學中使用的藥草，如甘菊、紫錐菊和人参。

Aromatic herbs, grown for their scent, such as lavender, rosemary, and mint.

芳香草本植物，因其香味而種植，如薰衣草、迷迭香和薄荷。

Ornamental herbs, primarily valued for their appearance, like ornamental oregano.

觀賞草本植物，主要因其外觀而受到重視，如觀賞牛至。

Additionally, herbs can be annuals, biennials, or perennials, depending on their life cycle.

此外，根據生命週期的不同，草本植物可以是一年生、二年生或多年生植物。

Each category can have many examples, making the world of herbs vast and diverse.

每個類別都可以有許多例子，這使得草藥世界變得廣闊而多樣。

If you meant ERPs, Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, let me know, and we can dive into that instead.

如果你指的是 ERP（企業資源規劃系統），請告訴我，我們可以深入探討一下。

Well, obviously not talking about non-plant herb.

嗯，顯然不是指非植物草藥。

Let's keep our topic within the domain of botanic and herbs.

讓我們把話題停留在植物和草藥領域。

Let's talk about another classification.

讓我們來談談另一種分類。

Have you ever heard of bitter herbs or bitter plant?

你聽說過苦味草藥或苦味植物嗎？

What are bitter herbs or bitter plant?

什麼是苦味草藥或苦味植物？

It seems like there might be a misunderstanding or a mix-up with the term bitter herbs or bitter plants.

看來，人們可能對苦味草藥或苦味植物存在誤解或混淆。

In botanical or herbal terminology, bitter herbs isn't a recognized classification or commonly used term.

在植物學或草藥術語中，苦味草藥並不是一個公認的分類或常用術語。

If you're referring to a specific type of plant or herb used for a particular purpose, maybe in a regional or specialized context, it might be known by a different name.

如果您指的是一種用於特定目的的植物或草藥，也許是在地區或專門背景下使用的，那麼它可能有不同的名稱。

Sometimes, regional terms or slang can create confusion, and it's possible that bitter herbs is a colloquial term or a mistranslation.

有時，地區術語或俚語會造成混淆，苦草藥可能是一個口語術語或翻譯錯誤。

Could you clarify or provide more context?

您能否澄清或提供更多背景情況？

If there's another term or concept you're thinking of, I'd be happy to help explore it with you.

如果你想到了其他術語或概念，我很樂意與你一起探討。

Well, I heard that it's some kind of herbs or plants that taste bitter and have specific property.

嗯，我聽說這是一種味道苦澀並具有特殊屬性的草藥或植物。

Do you know anything about that?

你對此瞭解嗎？

Ah, it sounds like you're referring to bitter herbs or bitter plants.

啊，聽起來你指的是苦味草藥或苦味植物。

These are herbs or plants that have a distinctly bitter taste and are often used for their medicinal properties, particularly in promoting digestion and detoxification.

這些草藥或植物具有明顯的苦味，通常用於藥用，特別是促進消化和排毒。

Bitter herbs are known to stimulate digestive juices, including bile production, which helps in breaking down fats and improving digestion.

眾所周知，苦味草藥能刺激消化液，包括膽汁分泌，從而有助於分解脂肪和促進消化。

They're also used in traditional medicine to support liver function, appetite, and overall gut health.

在傳統醫學中，它們還被用於支持肝功能、食慾和整體腸道健康。

Some common examples of bitter herbs include dandelion.

常見的苦味草藥包括蒲公英。

Both the leaves and root are bitter and used for liver detoxification.

葉和根都很苦，可用於肝臟解毒。

Wormwood, used traditionally to treat digestive issues and as a natural remedy for parasites.

蟲草，傳統上用於治療消化系統疾病和寄生蟲的天然療法。

Gentian.

龍膽草

Known for its intense bitterness, it's often included in digestive bitters.

它以強烈的苦味而聞名，經常被加入消化苦味劑中。

Artichoke leaf, used to support liver and gallbladder health.

北韓薊葉，用於支持肝臟和膽囊健康。

Bitter herbs have a long history in herbal medicine, particularly in European and Asian traditions.

苦味草藥在草藥醫學中有著悠久的歷史，尤其是在歐洲和亞洲的傳統中。

Interesting.

有意思

Is there any scientific evidence about bitter herbs' medicinal property?

苦草藥的藥用價值有科學依據嗎？

Yes, there is scientific evidence supporting the medicinal properties of many bitter herbs, though the strength of the evidence can vary depending on the specific herb and the type of studies conducted.

是的，有科學證據支持許多苦味草藥的藥用特性，不過證據的強度可能因具體草藥和研究類型而異。

Bitter herbs like dandelion, gentian, and wormwood have been studied for their digestive and liver supporting effects.

研究表明，蒲公英、龍膽草和艾草等苦味草藥具有助消化和養肝的功效。

For instance, dandelion has been researched for its potential to support liver function, with studies suggesting it may help increase bile flow and reduce liver inflammation.

例如，研究發現蒲公英具有支持肝功能的潛力，研究表明它可以幫助增加膽汁流量和減輕肝臟發炎。

Gentian is well known in herbal medicine and has been shown in studies to stimulate digestive enzymes, which can improve digestion and appetite.

龍膽在草藥中非常有名，研究表明它能刺激消化酶，從而改善消化和食慾。

Wormwood has been studied for its antimicrobial properties, particularly its effectiveness against parasites, and it's also known to aid in digestion.

研究表明，蟲草具有抗菌特性，特別是對寄生蟲很有效，而且還有助於消化。

However, while traditional uses and some scientific studies support these effects, more large-scale clinical trials are often needed to fully confirm and understand the extent of their benefits.

不過，雖然傳統用途和一些科學研究都支持這些功效，但通常還需要更大規模的臨床試驗來充分證實和了解其益處的程度。

So, while there's promising evidence, always consult with a healthcare provider before using bitter herbs for medicinal purposes.

是以，雖然有證據表明苦味草藥很有前景，但在使用苦味草藥入藥之前，一定要諮詢醫療保健提供者。

Interesting.

有意思

So, have you ever heard about the term adaptogenic herbs?

那麼，你聽說過適應性草藥這個詞嗎？

What are adaptogenic herbs?

什麼是適應性草藥？

Sure.

當然。

Adaptogenic herbs work by interacting with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-HPA axis, which plays a crucial role in the body's stress response.

適應性草藥通過與下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺-HPA 軸相互作用而發揮作用，該軸在人體的壓力反應中起著至關重要的作用。

By modulating the release of stress hormones like cortisol, adaptogens help the body maintain a balanced and healthy stress response.

適應原通過調節皮質醇等壓力荷爾蒙的釋放，幫助人體保持平衡和健康的壓力反應。

Here's a bit more detail on some popular adaptogens.

以下是一些常用適應素的詳細介紹。

Ashwagandha.

Ashwagandha.

This herb is often used in Ayurvedic medicine and is known for its ability to reduce cortisol levels, which can help alleviate stress and anxiety.

這種草藥常用於阿育吠陀醫學，因其能降低皮質醇水準而聞名，有助於緩解壓力和焦慮。

It's also believed to improve sleep and boost cognitive function.

據信，它還能改善睡眠，增強認知功能。

Rhodiola rosea.

紅景天

Originating from cold regions of Europe and Asia, rhodiola is known for enhancing physical and mental endurance, reducing fatigue, and improving mood.

紅景天起源於歐洲和亞洲的寒冷地區，以增強體力和腦力耐力、減輕疲勞和改善情緒而聞名。

It's often used by athletes and those needing to stay sharp under pressure.

運動員和需要在壓力下保持敏銳的人經常使用它。

Holy basil tulsi.

聖羅勒圖爾西

Revered in India, tulsi is considered the queen of herbs.

圖爾西在印度備受尊崇，被認為是草藥中的皇后。

It's known for its calming effects, making it useful for managing stress and promoting emotional well-being.

它以鎮靜作用而聞名，是以可用於管理壓力和促進情緒健康。

It also has antioxidant properties, supporting overall health.

它還具有抗氧化特性，有助於整體健康。

Siberian ginseng, Eleuthero.

西伯利亞人参、刺五加

Unlike true ginseng, Siberian ginseng is often used to improve stamina, energy, and resilience to stress.

與真正的人参不同，西伯利亞人参通常用於增強體力、精力和抗壓能力。

It's popular among those who need to maintain high energy levels, like athletes or people with demanding jobs.

它在需要保持高能量的人群中很受歡迎，比如運動員或工作繁重的人。

Adaptogens are typically taken over the long term to build up resilience and improve overall health.

適應劑通常用於長期服用，以增強復原力和改善整體健康。

They're usually available in various forms, including teas, capsules, powders, and tinctures.

它們通常有各種形式，包括茶、膠囊、粉末和酊劑。

While adaptogens are generally considered safe, it's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you're considering using them alongside other medications or have existing health conditions.

雖然適應原通常被認為是安全的，但最好還是諮詢一下醫療保健提供者，特別是如果您考慮在使用適應原的同時服用其他藥物或患有現有的健康疾病。

Interesting.

有意思

How about Ayurvedic herbs?

阿育吠陀草藥怎麼樣？

Heard of this term?

聽說過這個詞嗎？

Ayurvedic herbs are an integral part of Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine that originated in India over 3,000 years ago.

阿育吠陀草藥是阿育吠陀醫學的重要組成部分，阿育吠陀醫學是一種傳統醫學體系，起源於 3000 多年前的印度。

Ayurveda focuses on balancing the body, mind, and spirit to promote overall health and well-being.

阿育吠陀注重平衡身體、思想和精神，以促進整體健康和幸福。

Ayurvedic herbs are used to treat various ailments, support overall health, and enhance specific bodily functions.

阿育吠陀草藥用於治療各種疾病、支持整體健康和增強特定的身體機能。

Here are some of the most well-known Ayurvedic herbs.

以下是一些最著名的阿育吠陀草藥。

Ashwagandha.

Ashwagandha.

Known as a powerful adaptogen, ashwagandha is used to reduce stress, boost energy, and improve concentration.

灰樹花被稱為一種強大的適應原，可用於減輕壓力、增強能量和提高注意力。

It's also believed to support the immune system and promote longevity.

它還被認為能支持免疫系統並促進長壽。

Turmeric.

薑黃

Curcuma longa.

薑黃

Turmeric is famous for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

薑黃以其抗炎和抗氧化特性而聞名。

It's commonly used to treat conditions like arthritis, digestive disorders, and skin issues.

它通常用於治療關節炎、消化系統疾病和皮膚問題。

Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, is the main ingredient responsible for these effects.

薑黃素是薑黃中的活性化合物，是產生這些效果的主要成分。

Tulsi.

圖爾西

Holy basil.

聖羅勒

Tulsi is considered a sacred herb in India and is used to promote mental clarity, reduce stress, and support the immune system.

圖爾西在印度被視為一種神聖的草藥，用於促進頭腦清醒、減輕壓力和支持免疫系統。

It's also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

它還被認為具有消炎和抗菌的功效。

Trifala.

特里法拉

Trifala is a combination of three fruits.

Trifala 是三種水果的組合。