The world's first personalized vaccine for melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, has begun being tested in Britain.

世界上首個針對黑色素瘤（最致命的皮膚癌）的個性化疫苗已開始在英國進行測試。

Some other countries, including Australia, are also trying it out on patients. The treatment, which uses the same mRNA technology as some Covid jabs, works by telling the body to hunt down cancer cells and prevent them from coming back.

包括澳洲在內的其他一些國家也在對患者進行嘗試。這種療法採用了與某些 Covid 疫苗相同的 mRNA 技術，通過告訴人體追捕癌細胞並防止其復發來發揮作用。

Researchers say the jab also has the potential to stop lung, bladder, and kidney cancers. With more details, here's our health correspondent, Sophie Hutchinson. Steve Young, one of the first NHS patients to take part in the trial for what's hoped will be a game-changing treatment.

研究人員說，這種疫苗還有可能阻止肺癌、膀胱癌和腎癌的發生。我們的健康記者索菲-哈欽森（Sophie Hutchinson）將為您帶來更多詳情。史蒂夫-楊（Steve Young）是首批參加試驗的英國國家醫療服務系統（NHS）患者之一，人們希望這是一種改變遊戲規則的治療方法。

It's for melanoma, the deadliest of all the skin cancers, and it aims to help those at the highest risk of a recurrence.

它針對的是黑色素瘤這種最致命的皮膚癌，旨在幫助那些復發風險最高的患者。

Steve was given the experimental treatment at University College Hospital in London.

史蒂夫在倫敦大學學院醫院接受了實驗性治療。

He had a melanoma removed from his scalp last summer.

去年夏天，他切除了頭皮上的黑色素瘤。

He told us the trial is his best chance of keeping cancer-free. "I feel okay, someone told me I've got survivor's syndrome because I actually feel guilty.

他告訴我們，這次試驗是他遠離癌症的最好機會。"我感覺很好，有人說我得了倖存者綜合症，因為我真的很內疚。

I feel guilty that I'm completely fine and yet I'm getting all this attention.

我覺得很內疚，因為我完全沒事，卻得到了這麼多人的關注。

And I'm, you know, I get to have a scan and an MRI every three months when I know that people are waiting such a long time.

我每三個月就能做一次掃描和核磁共振成像，而我知道人們要等很長時間。

And I genuinely feel kind of awful about that.

我真的覺得這有點可怕。

But I just really hope that what's happening with the trial and the results they get are going to be good news and it's going to go on to do amazing things." The personalized treatment works by identifying proteins unique to each person's cancer, and then uses the same technology which created some Covid vaccines called mRNA to prime the immune system to attack the cells.

但我真的希望試驗的進展和他們得到的結果會是好消息，並能繼續做出令人驚歎的事情"。這種個性化治療通過識別每個人癌症特有的蛋白質來發揮作用，然後使用創造了一些名為 mRNA 的 Covid 疫苗的相同技術來激發免疫系統攻擊這些細胞。

It's being used in combination with another cancer drug, and previous results suggest together it almost halved the risk of recurrence or death after three years. "It's a very specific treatment, highly personalized to each individual's tumor.

它正在與另一種抗癌藥物聯合使用，先前的研究結果表明，聯合使用可將三年後復發或死亡的風險降低近一半。"這是一種非常特殊的治療方法，針對每個人的腫瘤進行高度個性化的治療。

And it's a really exciting way of hopefully turning the patient's own immune system against their cancer.

這是一種非常令人興奮的方法，有望讓患者自身的免疫系統對抗癌症。

And it looks like it could be a really effective therapeutic approach.

看起來，這可能是一種非常有效的治療方法。

This trial will really prove that's the case or not." This is an international trial.

這次審判將真正證明情況是否如此"。這是一場國際審判。

UK doctors are hoping to recruit at least 70 patients across centers including London, Manchester, Edinburgh, and Leeds. Sophie Hutchinson, BBC News. Well, let's find out more about the vaccine from Professor Paul Lorigan, who is overseeing the trial at the Christie Hospital in Manchester. Thank you very much for joining us on BBC News, Professor.

英國醫生希望在倫敦、曼徹斯特、愛丁堡和利茲等中心招募至少 70 名患者。索菲-哈欽森（Sophie Hutchinson），BBC 新聞。讓我們從曼徹斯特克里斯蒂醫院（Christie Hospital）負責試驗的保羅-洛里根（Paul Lorigan）教授那裡瞭解更多有關疫苗的資訊。非常感謝您參加 BBC 新聞節目，教授。

I'm amazed by this.

我對此感到非常驚訝。

Just explain how the vaccine actually works and how it is individual to the person. "So it's very exciting.

只需解釋疫苗的實際作用以及如何因人而異。"是以，這非常令人興奮。

We know the vaccines have really transformed how we treat infectious diseases, save millions of lives and improve the quality of many others.

我們知道，疫苗確實改變了我們治療傳染病的方式，挽救了數百萬人的生命，並提高了許多人的生活品質。

And now it's been turned towards the treatment of cancer.

現在，它又被用於治療癌症。

And it is, as you say, a personalized vaccine.

正如你所說，這是一種個性化疫苗。

So patients with melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, will have the melanoma removed.

是以，患有黑色素瘤（最嚴重的皮膚癌）的患者將被切除黑色素瘤。

If they are at significant risk of recurrence, then the melanoma that's been removed is analyzed.

如果他們有復發的重大風險，就會對已切除的黑色素瘤進行分析。

The genetic material is broken down, and we can identify the targets in the melanoma cells that are particular to the melanoma cells and not to the normal cells because the cancer cells, of course, come from ourselves.

遺傳物質被分解後，我們就能確定黑色素瘤細胞中的靶點，這些靶點是黑色素瘤細胞特有的，而不是正常細胞特有的，因為癌細胞當然來自我們自身。

And then having identified those, there's a very clever algorithm which predicts which ones are most likely to stimulate the immune system or the immune system is going to react to those.

識別出這些物質後，就會有一種非常聰明的算法來預測哪些物質最有可能刺激免疫系統，或者免疫系統會對這些物質產生反應。

And so it is then turned into a signal, an mRNA signal, which is injected intramuscularly in the same way as you would have your flu vaccine or your Covid vaccine." "So is it a single jab or more than one?" "So in this trial, it's given every time we give another drug, immunotherapy treatment for the treatment of melanoma.

然後將其轉化為一種信號，一種 mRNA 信號，以注射流感疫苗或 Covid 疫苗的方式進行肌肉注射。"那麼是一次注射還是多次注射？""在這項試驗中，每次我們注射另一種藥物時，都會注射這種藥物，這是治療黑色素瘤的免疫療法。

What we need to work out with these is about, you know, how best to give them the frequency, how long to give for etc.

我們需要解決的是，你知道，如何更好地給他們提供頻率，提供多長時間等等。

But for this, it's given throughout the period of a year when the patients are on treatment." "And who is getting it now and how long will this trial last before it can go further?" "So the patients who are getting it now, there are 10 centers in the UK and there are patients who are at high risk who've had a melanoma removed, but we know because the features of the melanoma, they're at significant risk of the cancer coming back.

"但對於這項試驗來說，病人在接受治療的一年時間裡都在服用這種藥物。""現在有哪些人在接受治療？" "這項試驗還要持續多久才能繼續？""所以現在接受治療的病人，在英國有10箇中心，有一些高風險病人，他們已經切除了黑色素瘤，但我們知道，由於黑色素瘤的特徵，他們的癌症復發風險很大。

And those patients are hopefully eligible for the trial.

希望這些患者符合試驗條件。

And I think we will get a signal very quickly or get an answer within a few years rather than months." "I was going to say, what is the global potential for this if it is successful?" "Well, in terms of for melanoma, there's huge potential.

我認為我們會很快得到一個信號，或者在幾年內得到答案，而不是幾個月。""我想問的是，如果成功的話，它的全球潛力有多大？""嗯，就黑色素瘤而言，潛力巨大。

But, you know, the real potential here is, of course, is expanding this into other cancers because it's not a technology that just works in one cancer.

但是，你知道，真正的潛力當然是將這種技術推廣到其他癌症中，因為它不是一種只適用於一種癌症的技術。

If it works in melanoma, it could work across a number of different cancers, lung cancer, bowel cancer, kidney cancer, etc.

如果它對黑色素瘤有效，那麼對肺癌、腸癌、腎癌等多種癌症也會有效。

So there's a potential here for really transformative change in how we treat patients with cancer." "And how optimistic are you that that will happen?" "So I think you can probably sense there's a lot of excitement about this and it is based on how the technology works.

是以，我們治療癌症患者的方式有可能發生真正的變革。""你對實現這一目標有多樂觀？""所以，我想你也許能感覺到，人們對此非常興奮，而這正是基於這項技術的工作原理。

But also we have done a smaller study with 150 patients and there was a strong signal from that that is what works.

此外，我們還對 150 名患者進行了一項較小規模的研究，結果顯示，這種療法非常有效。

So, yes, we are optimistic." "Okay, Professor Paul Lorigan, I'm sure everyone who's watching has their fingers crossed that that will be successful.

所以，是的，我們很樂觀。""好的，保羅-羅瑞根教授，我相信在座的每一位都在祈禱這一切都會成功。

Thank you very much for joining us on BBC News." "Thank you."

非常感謝您收看BBC新聞。""謝謝"