For many people, reaching middle age comes with newfound aches and pains.

對許多人來說，步入中年後，身體會出現新的疼痛。

I have no idea what they're talking about.

我不知道他們在說什麼。

As well as the realization you can no longer move like you once could.

以及意識到自己無法再像以前那樣行動自如。

Well now, new research published in the journal Nature Aging is giving us new insight into all this. The authors believe people experience two periods of dramatic change.

現在，發表在《自然衰老》雜誌上的新研究讓我們對這一切有了新的認識。作者認為，人們會經歷兩個鉅變時期。

First in their mid-40s and then again around age 60.

第一次是在 40 多歲時，第二次是在 60 歲左右。

Joining us now for more is NBC News medical contributor Dr. Kavita Patel.

NBC 新聞醫學特約撰稿人 Kavita Patel 博士將為我們帶來更多報導。

Dr. Patel, good morning.

Patel 博士，早上好。

I think I can relate to some of this.

我想我能體會到其中的一些道理。

Walk us through what changes people at these ages can expect.

帶我們瞭解一下這些年齡段的人可能會有哪些變化。

I say still achy from playing tennis yesterday.

我說昨天打網球還疼呢。

And what do they indicate?

它們說明了什麼？

That's okay, Joe. You're in good company because researchers found after looking at about 108 participants for anywhere from two to six years, they saw that indeed aging is not linear.

沒關係，喬，研究人員在對 108 名參與者進行了長達兩到六年的觀察後發現，衰老確實不是線性的。

It's kind of why, Joe, when at certain times in our lives we're like, "That hurts more than it should." Or, "I used to be able to do that workout and now I can't."

這就是為什麼，喬，在我們生活中的某些時候我們會說：「這比它應該的更疼」或者，「我以前可以做那個運動，現在不行了。」

And they essentially found, as you mentioned, ages 44 and 60 are when we experience a little bit of this more dramatic kind of effects of our aging, and they used a number of ways of looking at this.

他們基本上發現，正如你提到的 44 歲和 60 歲是我們經歷衰老的更劇烈影響的時候。他們用了很多方法來研究這個問題。

That's why this research is unique.

這就是為什麼這項研究是獨一無二的。

They did what's called multi-omics by taking parts of analyzing your genome, your metabolism, your epigenetics, kind of putting these puzzle pieces together to come up with when those two kind of inflection points happen for your aging process.

他們通過分析基因組、新陳代謝和表觀遺傳學，把這些拼圖拼湊在一起，得出了衰老過程中的兩個拐點，這就是所謂的多組學。

So if you're in these age groups, just curious, what should you be looking out for how do you manage these changes just through your lifestyle, your everyday life?

因此，我很好奇，如果你處於這些年齡段應該注意什麼，如何透過生活方式、日常生活來應對這些變化？

Yeah, yeah. And I think that's key.

是的，我認為這是關鍵所在。

You have to keep living your everyday life, but it's knowing that these are critical time points.

你必須繼續過你的日常生活，但要知道這些都是關鍵的時間點。

I also try to tell women that we have to look at the kind of time periods before these ages, because the 30s and the 50s for women,

我還試圖告訴女性，我們必須看看這些年齡之前的時間段，因為對於 30 和 50 年代的女性，

and also now we know for the 40s and their 60s, basically in every decade, we want to take stock in what we're doing and getting a lot of these multi-omics checked out.

以及現在我們知道的 40 和 60 年代的女性，基本上在每一個十年中，我們都要盤點一下我們正在做的事情，並檢查出很多這些多器官疾病。

We want to make sure that we're seeing our doctor, getting our labs checked out, thinking about our nutrition and thinking about our exercise.

我們要確保看醫生、檢查化驗、注意營養、注意鍛鍊。

But particularly if you're susceptible, a family history of chronic disease, or you have some other risk factors, those ages, Joe, can be pretty critical to thinking about screening for some of those diseases too.

但是，特別是如果你有慢性病家族史，或者你有一些其他的危險因素，這些年齡段，喬，對於考慮篩查一些疾病也是非常關鍵的。

So they should serve as reminders.

它們應該起到提醒的作用。

This should not defeat us.

這不應該打敗我們。

It should serve as a reminder that often in the 40s, we're often dealing with family, busy jobs.

這應該提醒我們，40 多歲的時候，我們經常要面對家庭和繁忙的工作。

We need to deal with ourselves too.

我們也需要面對自己。

That's an important reminder there. I mean, just big picture, how big of a step forward is what we're learning from this study?

這是一個重要的提醒。我的意思是，從大的方面來看，我們從這項研究中學到的東西向前邁出了多大的一步？

Does it help us better understand just some of the health issues people experience as they age?

這是否有助於我們更好地瞭解人們隨著年齡增長而出現的一些健康問題？

It does. Listen, I see patients all the time where I try to explain that just going from, for example, 58 to 60, we might see an increase in kidney disease, heart disease.

確實如此。聽著，我經常接診一些病人，我試著向他們解釋，比如從 58 歲到 60 歲，我們可能會發現腎病、心臟病的發病率會增加。

And as doctors, we've often wondered, well, why is that that magic age?

作為醫生，我們經常會想，為什麼會有這麼神奇的年齡呢？

Why 60 when we start to see this prevalence?

當我們開始看到這種普遍性時，為什麼是 60 歲？

They may not be less healthy than when they were 58.

他們的健康狀況未必不如 58 歲時。

This research is giving us a little bit of a peek into that.

這項研究讓我們窺見了一些端倪。

So I hope that we can start to see more personalized medicine recommendations.

我希望我們能開始看到更多個性化的醫療建議。

I'm hoping that more people listening to this message, if they are in that age group in the 40s and in the 60s, that they make sure that they present and say, am I up to date on my screenings?

我希望更多的人在聽到這個資訊後，如果他們是 40 多歲和 60 多歲這個年齡段的人，他們要確保他們會說，我的篩查是最新的嗎？

Are there some other things I should be worried about, especially as we start to see age-related diseases for the memory, like dementia, Parkinson's, other movement disorders?

我是否還應該擔心其他一些事情，尤其是當我們開始看到與年齡有關的記憶疾病，如痴呆症、帕金森氏症和其他運動障礙？

This can be a time to modify your lifestyle to avoid some of those chronic conditions if possible.

這時可以改變生活方式，儘可能避免一些慢性病。