It covers everything we know about learning, unveils the unintended consequences of compulsory education, and includes a complete guide to the alternative school movement.

該書涵蓋了我們對學習的所有認識，揭示了義務教育的意外後果，還包括另類學校運動的完整指南。

Secure your copy today.

立即購買

Just follow the link in the description below.

請點擊下面描述中的鏈接。

In the 1980s, a German psychologist noticed that many kindergarten children got sick and wondered whether the reason wasn't just the typical flu, but the result of a trauma the kids experienced from being suddenly separated from their parents.

20 世紀 80 年代，一位德國心理學家注意到許多幼兒園的孩子生病了，他想知道原因是否不僅僅是典型的流感，而是孩子們與父母突然分離所造成的創傷。

Kuno Beller and a group of educators then tested a new model of settling children into kindergarten, whereby one parent stays with the child until the little one can bond with a teacher.

庫諾-貝勒和一群教育工作者隨後測試了一種讓孩子們進入幼兒園的新模式，即父母一方一直陪伴孩子，直到小寶寶能夠與老師建立聯繫。

The results were clear.

結果顯而易見。

Kids who were not allowed to bring their fathers or mothers along were three times more likely to miss a day due to sickness compared to those who were allowed.

與允許攜帶父親或母親的孩子相比，不允許攜帶父親或母親的孩子因病缺勤的可能性要高出三倍。

This is how the model works.

這就是模型的工作原理。

In phase one, the parents get informed about their role in accompanying their child and the reasons for this, so they understand why this is important for their little one.

在第一階段，家長會了解自己在陪伴孩子方面的作用以及這樣做的原因，從而明白這對孩子的重要性。

Then one caretaker, parent, or grandparent chooses to join the child on this journey.

然後，一名看護人、父母或祖父母選擇加入孩子的旅程。

In phase two, the parent then spends the first three days or so with the child in the new environment, providing reassurance and comfort whenever necessary.

在第二階段，家長在新環境中與孩子一起度過頭三天左右的時間，必要時給予安撫和安慰。

During this period, the child can make friends and explore the setting without fear.

在此期間，孩子可以結交朋友，無所畏懼地探索環境。

In phase three, often on the fourth day, a short separation is initiated.

在第三階段，通常是在第四天，開始短暫的分離。

This so-called strange situation helps to evaluate the child's anxiety when being left alone.

這種所謂的奇怪情況有助於評估孩子獨自離開時的焦慮。

After the experiment, the parent and teacher decide on an appropriate settling-in time, often another 10 days, although some kids may need weeks or months.

實驗結束後，家長和老師會決定適當的適應時間，通常是 10 天，但有些孩子可能需要幾周或幾個月。

From phase four onwards, the teacher takes full responsibility for the child's care.

從第四階段開始，教師承擔起照顧孩子的全部責任。

The parent remains present in the background and leaves for short periods, first five minutes, then 15 minutes, then an hour, which can be an eternity in a young child's world.

父母一直在後臺，離開的時間很短，先是 5 分鐘，然後是 15 分鐘，再然後是 1 小時，這在幼兒的世界裡可能是永恆的。

Through these separations, the child learns another important thing.

通過這些分離，孩子學會了另一件重要的事情。

Mommy or daddy will return.

媽媽或爸爸會回來的

Phase five marks the end of the transition.

第五階段標誌著過渡的結束。

The adjustment is completed when the child has accepted the new caretaker as a safe base.

當孩子接受新的看護人作為安全基地時，適應期就結束了。

For example, if the parent leaves the crying child at the entrance and the teacher can provide enough comfort for the little one to relax and soon after play cheerfully, then the settling-in is successful.

例如，如果家長把哭鬧的孩子留在門口，而老師能夠給予足夠的安慰，讓小寶寶放鬆下來，很快就能開開心心地玩耍，那麼安頓工作就成功了。

The German model is especially crucial for children aged 7 to 36 months, who are more vulnerable to the stress from separation anxiety.

德國模式對 7 至 36 個月大的兒童尤為重要，因為他們更容易受到分離焦慮帶來的壓力的影響。

To make it work, four things should be considered.

要做到這一點，應考慮以下四點。

One, the parent should clearly say goodbye whenever he or she leaves, so the child understands that they are with the teacher now.

其一，家長每次離開時都要明確說再見，讓孩子明白他們現在和老師在一起。

Two, the same dedicated teacher is present throughout the process, so that the children can form that trusting relationship with a familiar face.

其二，在整個過程中都有同一位專職教師，這樣孩子們就能與熟悉的面孔建立起信任關係。

Three, the child can bring their favorite stuffed animal from home to provide additional comfort.

第三，孩子可以從家裡帶來自己喜歡的毛絨玩具，以增加舒適感。

Four, until the process is complete, the child stays only half a day with no nap time.

四，在這個過程完成之前，孩子只能呆半天，沒有午睡時間。

Signs that the settling-in has worked include when the child has built a healthy relationship with a teacher, cries only for a short period of time when left alone, can calm down after saying goodbye to the parents, and eventually wants to go to kindergarten.

安頓工作取得成效的跡象包括：孩子與老師建立了健康的關係，獨自離開時只哭一小會兒，與父母道別後能平靜下來，並最終願意上幼兒園。

The model was developed based on the attachment theory, which argues that a strong bond to one primary caregiver in our first years of life is critical to a child's development.

這種模式是根據依戀理論開發的，該理論認為，在我們生命的最初幾年，與一個主要照顧者的緊密聯繫對兒童的成長至關重要。

If our bond is strong, we become securely attached, and we feel safe to explore the world, knowing we can always return.

如果我們的紐帶很牢固，我們就會安全地依附在一起，我們就會感到探索世界是安全的，因為我們知道我們總能回來。

If our bond is weak, we feel insecurely attached, and as a result, are afraid to leave home and explore a scary-looking world.

如果我們的紐帶很薄弱，我們就會感到沒有安全感，從而害怕離開家，去探索這個看似可怕的世界。

The model's objective is for the child to form a secure attachment with a teacher before the bond with their mother or father is interrupted.

該模式的目標是讓孩子在與母親或父親的聯繫中斷之前，與老師形成安全的依戀關係。

This enables the new caregiver to act as a safe base during the parent's absence.

這樣，在父母不在時，新的照顧者就能起到安全基地的作用。

As John Bowlby, the father of attachment theory, warned, when a relationship to a special loved person is endangered, we are not only anxious, but are usually angry as well.

正如 "依戀理論之父 "約翰-鮑爾比（John Bowlby）所警告的那樣，當與特別愛的人的關係受到威脅時，我們不僅會焦慮，通常還會憤怒。

As responses to the risk of loss, anxiety and anger go hand in hand.

作為對損失風險的反應，焦慮和憤怒是相輔相成的。

What do you think? Are there aspects of this model that you can apply in another context?

您怎麼看？這種模式是否有哪些方面可以應用到其他場合？

And how was your experience going to school when you were little?

你小時候上學的經歷如何？

Tell us your thoughts and experiences in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們您的想法和經驗。

We relentlessly researched education for the past decade, read plenty of peer-reviewed papers, visited all sorts of schools, created hundreds of videos on the topic, and even set up our very own kindergarten for project-based learning.

在過去的十年裡，我們堅持不懈地研究教育，閱讀了大量同行評議的論文，參觀了各種學校，製作了數百部相關視頻，甚至建立了自己的幼兒園，開展基於項目的學習。

And now, we also made a book!

現在，我們還製作了一本書！

The OnSchoolers Educational Dictionary covers everything we know about learning, unveils the unintended consequences of compulsory education, and includes a complete guide to the alternative school movement.

OnSchoolers 教育詞典》涵蓋了我們對學習的所有認識，揭示了義務教育的意外後果，還包括另類學校運動的完整指南。

Order your copy now!

現在就訂購吧

Just visit your favorite bookshop or check the links in the description below.

請訪問您喜愛的書店或查看下面描述中的鏈接。

you

你