Name: 中國電動汽車強勢佔領墨西哥市場 (How Chinese EVs Are Taking Over Mexico)
Uploaded: 2024-08-21T11:21:21.000Z
Duration: 11 min 3 s

分詞構句

The electric vehicle revolution, shaped by trade tensions.

受貿易緊張局勢影響的電動汽車革命。

Concern around competition from China is weighing on American lawmakers and auto companies.

美國立法者和汽車公司對來自中國的競爭感到擔憂。

China's growing global auto dominance has some lawmakers on edge.

中國日益增長的全球汽車主導地位讓一些立法者感到不安。

At the center of that conversation is a country known for its beaches and its ideal trade proximity to the U.S., Mexico.

話題的中心是一個以海灘和毗鄰美國的理想貿易而聞名的國家--墨西哥。

The Chinese have targeted Mexico as a prime export market.

中國已將墨西哥作為主要出口市場。

Across the U.S. border, the country has seen an influx of Chinese-made new energy cars.

在美國邊境，中國製造的新能源汽車大量湧入美國。

The Chinese automakers came to the country very aggressively.

中國汽車製造商非常積極地來到中國。

And now some Chinese automakers, including Tesla rival BYD, are announcing plans to build factories in Mexico.

現在，包括特斯拉競爭對手比亞迪在內的一些中國汽車製造商正在宣佈在墨西哥建廠的計劃。

But for the U.S., there's concern this might be part of a larger strategy.

但對美國來說，人們擔心這可能是更大戰略的一部分。

The Chinese would love to access the U.S. market because there are profits to be made in the U.S. market.

中國人很想進入美國市場，因為美國市場有利可圖。

Getting in directly to the United States market is tricky because of the tariffs and other obstacles.

由於關稅和其他障礙，直接進入美國市場非常困難。

And so I think many of these Chinese automakers look at Mexico as a backdoor in the United

是以，我認為許多中國汽車製造商將墨西哥視為進入美國的後門。

Washington has built a wall to block cheap exports using tariffs.

華盛頓築起了一堵牆，用關稅阻擋廉價出口。

But experts say these may only be buying time.

但專家表示，這些可能只是在爭取時間。

This thing's coming and it's going to shake up the world.

這件事即將發生，它將撼動整個世界。

So how has Mexico become a hotspot for Chinese auto companies?

那麼，墨西哥是如何成為中國汽車企業的熱土的呢？

And will the country become a pathway for these cars to drive into the U.S.?

美國會成為這些汽車駛入美國的通道嗎？

Chinese automakers are winning over millions of drivers around the world.

中國汽車製造商正在贏得全球數百萬駕駛者的青睞。

Last year, China produced over half of all electric vehicles sold worldwide.

去年，中國生產的電動汽車佔全球總銷量的一半以上。

Supported by government subsidies and lagging domestic demand, Chinese EV makers have had to look overseas to sell their cars.

在政府補貼和國內需求滯後的支持下，中國電動汽車製造商不得不將目光投向海外銷售。

Last year, China overtook Japan to become the world's largest auto exporter, sending 4.9 million cars overseas.

去年，中國超過日本成為世界上最大的汽車出口國，向海外出口了 490 萬輛汽車。

And 1.2 million of those cars were electric.

China has built up such automotive production capacity that it can't possibly sell all of those vehicles in China.

中國的汽車生產能力已經達到了不可能在中國銷售所有這些汽車的程度。

是以，它不得不將目光投向其他市場。

Almost overnight, Mexico has become a major market.

幾乎在一夜之間，墨西哥就成了一個主要市場。

Chinese automakers are becoming more international.

中國汽車製造商正變得更加國際化。

So Mexico fits in this broader story of Chinese companies trying to access new markets.

是以，墨西哥與中國公司試圖進入新市場的大背景不謀而合。

In 2023, the country was the leading importer of cars made in China, importing a total of $4.6 billion worth of Chinese vehicles.

2023 年，該國是中國製造汽車的主要進口國，進口了總價值 46 億美元的中國汽車。

That's compared to $4.4 billion from U.S.-based companies.

相比之下，美國公司的投資額為 44 億美元。

In May, BYD launched a brand new hybrid pickup truck in Mexico.

今年 5 月，比亞迪在墨西哥推出了一款全新的混合動力皮卡。

It was the first time the company had debuted a new product outside of China.

這是該公司首次在中國以外的地區推出新產品。

But Mexican consumers are quickly embracing Chinese-made EVs.

但墨西哥消費者正在迅速接受中國製造的電動汽車。

Last year, one in 10 vehicles sold in Mexico were made by a Chinese company, outpacing every other foreign country.

去年，在墨西哥銷售的汽車中，每 10 輛就有一輛是中國公司生產的，超過了其他所有外國公司。

Even consumers weary of electric cars are drawn to Chinese EVs for their affordable price tags.

即使是對電動汽車感到厭倦的消費者，也會被中國電動汽車實惠的價格所吸引。

BYD sells its Dolphin Mini in Mexico for around 398,000 pesos.

比亞迪 Dolphin Mini 在墨西哥的售價約為 39.8 萬比索。

That's around $21,000, a little less than half the price of the cheapest Tesla.

這大約是 2.1 萬美元，略低於最便宜的特斯拉價格的一半。

They have, to be honest, very good promotions.

老實說，他們的促銷活動非常好。

Chinese cars, it's a good product that sells at a very reasonable price.

中國汽車，是一款物美價廉的產品。

Experts say China's entrance to Mexico follows a broader strategy to target emerging economies, which can be friendlier to foreign investment.

專家們認為，中國進入墨西哥遵循的是以新興經濟體為目標的更廣泛戰略，因為新興經濟體對外國投資更為友好。

Latin America, parts of Asia, and the Middle East have all seen influxes of Chinese-made cars in recent years.

近年來，拉丁美洲、亞洲部分地區和中東地區都出現了中國製造汽車的大量湧入。

Unlike the developed economies, the emerging ones are less complicated, less complex in terms of regulations.

與發達經濟體不同，新興經濟體在法規方面沒有那麼複雜。

And I'm talking about safety standards or emissions standards.

我說的是安全標準或排放標準。

So the Chinese carmakers, if you look at the figures, they are gaining traction faster in those economies than in the developed economies.

是以，從數據上看，中國汽車製造商在這些經濟體的發展速度要快於發達經濟體。

For example, Latin America, which the current government in Brazil was quite enthusiastic about welcoming BYD's newest investment, they now have a factory in Brazil that they're building.

例如，巴西現任政府對比亞迪在拉丁美洲的最新投資相當歡迎，他們現在正在巴西建造一座工廠。

Similarly, I think the biggest recipient of Chinese investment in terms of new electric vehicle factories is Thailand.

同樣，我認為在新建電動汽車工廠方面，接受中國投資最多的國家是泰國。

So usually these companies go where they're welcome.

是以，這些公司通常會去受歡迎的地方。

Earlier this year, multiple Chinese automakers have announced plans to open EV factories in Mexico.

今年早些時候，多家中國汽車製造商宣佈了在墨西哥開設電動汽車工廠的計劃。

Mexican states Durango, Jalisco, and Nuevo León have even offered incentives to Chinese automakers to open manufacturing operations.

墨西哥杜蘭戈州、哈利斯科州和新萊昂州甚至向中國汽車製造商提供了開設生產基地的激勵措施。

These include tax breaks, free land, and help hiring labor.

這些措施包括稅收減免、免費提供土地和幫助僱用勞動力。

Experts say this process of nearshoring, or bringing production closer to the final target market, would benefit both parties.

專家們認為，這種近岸外包過程，或者說把生產地點靠近最終目標市場的做法，對雙方都有好處。

For Mexico, the factories would bring jobs and limit the cost of importing so many cars.

對墨西哥來說，這些工廠將帶來就業機會，並限制進口大量汽車的成本。

For Chinese companies, they could increase a foothold in the North American market.

對中國公司來說，它們可以增加在北美市場的立足點。

Mexico is already a manufacturing powerhouse, serving as a hub for many international auto brands.

墨西哥已經是一個製造強國，是許多國際汽車品牌的中心。

Tesla has been exploring manufacturing sites in the country, although plans are on hold for now.

特斯拉一直在探索該國的生產基地，不過計劃暫時擱置。

This started in the mid-90s with the signing of the North America Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, which removed tariffs on many goods traded between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada.

這始於上世紀 90 年代中期《北美自由貿易協定》（NAFTA）的簽署，該協定取消了美國、墨西哥和加拿大之間許多商品的關稅。

The most recent iteration of the trade agreement was enacted by Donald Trump in 2018.

該貿易協定的最新版本由唐納德-特朗普於 2018 年頒佈。

It's called the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or the USMCA.

它被稱為《美國-墨西哥-加拿大協議》（USMCA）。

First, the Germans came, you know, Audi, BMW.

首先，德國人來了，你知道，奧迪、寶馬。

And then the Japanese came, Toyota, Honda.

然後，日本人來了，豐田、本田。

And then lastly, the Koreans came, Hyundai, Kia, and others.

最後，韓國人來了，現代、起亞等。

Some people now are arguing that the next wave is going to be driven by Chinese companies.

現在有人認為，下一波浪潮將由中國公司推動。

Mexico is an attractive production platform, not only for Chinese companies, but for other companies as well, in part because of that free trade access that it has to the American market.

墨西哥是一個極具吸引力的生產平臺，不僅對中國公司如此，對其他公司也是如此，部分原因是墨西哥擁有進入美國市場的自由貿易通道。

And it can do something that in trade terms is called circumvention.

它可以做一些在貿易術語中被稱為規避的事情。

In order to sell its overcapacity of cars, China needs to access wealthier markets like the U.S. and Europe.

為了銷售產能過剩的汽車，中國需要進入美國和歐洲等更富裕的市場。

But so far in the U.S., they've been blocked by tariffs and political tension.

但迄今為止，這些產品在美國一直受到關稅和政治緊張局勢的阻礙。

To get around these barriers, China could take advantage of the USMCA.

為了繞過這些障礙，中國可以利用《美中經貿協定》。

If a Chinese auto company were to set up operations in Mexico or Canada and prove that the majority of materials that they use to build their cars are sourced locally, they could export their cars into the U.S. market virtually duty-free.

如果一家中國汽車公司在墨西哥或加拿大開展業務，並證明他們用於製造汽車的大部分材料都來自當地，那麼他們就可以幾乎免稅地向美國市場出口汽車。

For EV production, Chinese automakers have narrowed in on Mexico for its manufacturing infrastructure, low labor costs, and most importantly, proximity to the U.S.

在電動汽車生產方面，中國汽車製造商已將生產基礎設施、低勞動力成本以及最重要的靠近美國的優勢鎖定在墨西哥。

That's a strategy that Chinese companies have used before.

這是中國公司曾經使用過的策略。

For more than a decade now, China and the United States have been playing a high-stakes game of whack-a-mole when it comes to trade policy tariffs and trying to get into the market.

十多年來，中美兩國在貿易政策關稅和試圖進入市場方面一直在玩一場高風險的 "打地鼠 "遊戲。

And we've seen China do this in other types of manufacturing, from appliances to auto parts to steel.

我們看到中國在其他類型的製造業中也是這樣做的，從家電到汽車零部件，再到鋼鐵。

And so autos is the next logical sector for China to scale up investment in Mexico.

是以，汽車是中國擴大在墨西哥投資的下一個合乎邏輯的行業。

It's a potential scenario that terrifies U.S. officials and automakers.

這種潛在的情況令美國官員和汽車製造商感到恐懼。

If they're able to do that, set up in Mexico to manufacture the United States, they would definitely pose an imminent threat to American automakers, if for no other reason because their costs would be lower.

如果他們能夠做到這一點，在墨西哥設立生產美國產品的工廠，他們肯定會對美國汽車製造商構成迫在眉睫的威脅，如果沒有其他原因的話，因為他們的成本會更低。

Really the most lucrative market in the world, in a lot of ways, is the American market.

在很多方面，世界上最有利可圖的市場其實是美國市場。

We're only 5% of the world's population, but we consume 20% of the world's goods.

我們只佔世界人口的 5%，卻消費了世界上 20% 的商品。

We are great at consumption, and Americans like a deal.

我們善於消費，美國人喜歡交易。

And if they were to see a Chinese-made EV that comes in at $15,000 or $20,000, they're very price-motivated, and these things could potentially wipe out a lot of the U.S. competition.

如果他們看到中國製造的電動汽車售價為 15,000 或 20,000 美元，他們就會以價格為導向，而這些東西有可能會消滅美國的許多競爭對手。

For now, none of the major Chinese automakers have begun building factories in Mexico, and many have stalled plans, citing tension with the U.S.

目前，中國的主要汽車製造商還沒有一家開始在墨西哥建廠，許多還以與美國關係緊張為由擱置了建廠計劃。

The sentiment among the Chinese automakers I've talked to is that things are so tense between the U.S. and China right now, that now's not the right time to come and invest in the U.S., not the right time politically, just too much tension.

與我交談過的中國汽車製造商都認為，中美關係目前非常緊張，現在不是來美國投資的好時機，政治上也不是好時機，局勢太緊張了。

Mexican government officials have likewise paused incentives to Chinese automakers.

墨西哥政府官員同樣暫停了對中國汽車製造商的激勵措施。

But BYD has publicly walked back intentions to enter the U.S. market, at least for now.

但比亞迪公開收回了進軍美國市場的意圖，至少目前是這樣。

但對於比亞迪來說，我們已經準備好了。

The USMCA is set to be reviewed in 2026, and who leads that discussion from the White House remains up in the air.

USMCA 將於 2026 年進行審查，而白宮將由誰來上司這一討論仍是未知數。

At the Republican National Convention in July, Donald Trump made a pitch for Chinese companies to set up shop in the U.S. if he were to become president.

在今年 7 月舉行的共和黨全國代表大會上，唐納德-特朗普（Donald Trump）提出，如果他成為總統，中國公司可以在美國開店。

Those plants are going to be built in the United States, and our people are going to demand those plants.

這些工廠將建在美國，我們的人民將要求這些工廠。

I know, and look, I've heard Donald Trump say a couple of times that he wants to see those Chinese companies come to the United States.

我知道，聽著，我聽唐納德-特朗普說過幾次，他希望看到那些中國公司來美國。

我認為這將是一個巨大的錯誤。

Experts say this could be detrimental to the American auto industry.

專家表示，這可能會對美國汽車業造成損害。

When you look at, for instance, the flat glass industry in the United States, you think of the big windshields that are put on automobiles.

舉例來說，當你看到美國的平板玻璃工業時，你會想到汽車上的大擋風玻璃。

We used to make a lot of those in the United States.

我們以前在美國生產過很多這樣的產品。

All over the state of Ohio, many other places.

遍佈俄亥俄州和許多其他地方。

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中國電動汽車強勢佔領墨西哥市場 (How Chinese EVs Are Taking Over Mexico)

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