Name: 夏天一年比一年還熱！炎熱的天氣究竟會如何影響我們的心理健康？ (How do heatwaves affect our mental health? | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2024-08-16T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 6 min 11 s

When it comes to extreme weather and climate change, we often focus on how it will impact our futures and the world we live in.

說到極端天氣和氣候變化，我們通常會關注它將如何影響我們的未來和我們生活的世界。

UN scientists are warning we are on course for devastating changes to our climate.

聯合國科學家警告說，我們的氣候正在發生毀滅性的變化。

基礎被動語態

They say the world is expected to warm above 1.5 degrees Celsius by the early 2030s.

他們說，預計到 2030 年代初，全球氣溫將升至 1.5 攝氏度以上。

But researchers are now starting to understand that it's also already affecting our mental health.

但研究人員現在開始瞭解到，它也已經在影響我們的心理健康。

Climate change is bearing directly on brain health, on mental health, on our inner psychology, right?

氣候變化直接影響大腦健康、心理健康和我們的內在心理，對嗎？

Climate change is changing us from the inside out.

氣候變化正在由內而外地改變我們。

In the UK, one in four adults and one in 10 children experience mental illness.

在英國，四分之一的成年人和十分之一的兒童患有精神疾病。

And there's growing evidence that dealing with a changing climate is adding to that burden.

越來越多的證據表明，應對不斷變化的氣候加重了這一負擔。

We know a lot more about the physical impacts of climate change, but we're now starting to get a better appreciation and understanding of how climate change impacts mental health.

我們對氣候變化的物理影響了解得更多，但我們現在開始更好地認識和理解氣候變化如何影響心理健康。

In the UK, the patterns of change in temperatures in particular are very stark.

在英國，氣溫的變化規律尤其明顯。

In 2022, we had the hottest year on record where daytime temperatures soared over 40 degrees for the first time in history.

2022 年，我們迎來了有史以來最熱的一年，白天氣溫有史以來首次飆升至 40 度以上。

The past hour or so, we've had the UK Met office issuing its first ever red warning for extreme heat.

在過去的一個多小時裡，英國氣象局首次發佈了極端高溫紅色預警。

After the 2022 heat wave in the UK, Charles and a team of researchers set out to study how the extreme heat affected people's wellbeing.

2022 年英國發生熱浪後，查爾斯和一組研究人員開始研究酷熱對人們健康的影響。

Over half of the people they spoke to experienced negative impacts on their mental health due to the heat.

與他們交談過的人中，有一半以上的人的心理健康受到了高溫的負面影響。

People talk about things like experiencing severe anxiety and emotional distress, general irritability, bad moods, a sense of isolation from having to stay indoors.

人們談論的話題包括嚴重焦慮和情緒低落、普遍易怒、情緒不佳、因不得不呆在室內而產生孤獨感等。

A lot of these impacts could be linked to sleep disruption.

其中很多影響可能與睡眠中斷有關。

Lack of sleep was one of the most commonly cited impacts.

睡眠不足是最常提到的影響之一。

They saw their parks and local green areas totally dried out by the heat and it triggered climate anxiety.

他們看到自己的公園和當地綠地被高溫完全烤乾，這引發了氣候焦慮。

A lot of people manage their stress by going for a run or doing something outdoors.

很多人通過跑步或戶外活動來緩解壓力。

And when you're unable to do that, the pressure just mounts and mounts.

如果做不到這一點，壓力就會越來越大。

We don't have air conditioning, all that kind of thing.

So then you're awake at night, everyone's tired.

所以你晚上醒著，每個人都很累。

And it's so difficult when you go to workplace and when you try to come up with different ideas, you're so low mentally.

當你去工作時，當你想出不同的點子時，你的精神狀態就會變得很低落。

All of these stressors, they influence our ability to cope.

所有這些壓力都會影響我們的應對能力。

They influence our ability to make decisions, to interact with the world in the way that we would otherwise be interacting with it.

它們影響我們做出決定的能力，影響我們與世界互動的方式。

Clayton has interviewed numerous doctors and scientists who are looking at how the changing environment is affecting our minds, brains, and bodies.

克萊頓採訪了許多醫生和科學家，他們正在研究不斷變化的環境如何影響我們的思想、大腦和身體。

One of the things we're learning is that you don't even need to be alive to experience some of these effects.

我們瞭解到的一件事是，你甚至不需要活著就能體驗到其中的一些效果。

A study of expecting mothers who experienced Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the huge storm that hit New York, showed that in unborn children who did experience that storm, girls as early as preschool were 20 times as likely to experience anxiety, 30 times as likely to experience depression.

一項針對經歷過 2012 年颶風珊迪（襲擊紐約的巨大風暴）的準媽媽們的研究表明，在經歷過那場風暴的未出生嬰兒中，學齡前女童患焦慮症的機率是正常兒童的 20 倍，患憂鬱症的機率是正常兒童的 30 倍。

Boys were 60 times as likely relative to those who had not been exposed to the storm in utero to express some kind of ADHD.

與那些在子宮內沒有接觸過風暴的人相比，男孩患某種多動症的機率是後者的 60 倍。

Charles's research also saw the heat affecting men and women differently, often due to societal factors such as traditional gender roles.

查爾斯的研究還發現，高溫對男性和女性的影響不同，這往往是由於傳統性別角色等社會因素造成的。

For example, he found that when schools closed early on the hottest day of the year in 2022, the ones to pick up the gaps in the childcare were, you guessed it, women.

例如，他發現當學校在 2022 年一年中最熱的一天提前關閉時，填補托兒缺口的是，你猜對了，女性。

This added to the mental strain many women faced.

這加重了許多婦女的精神壓力。

One of the stories told to us was from a lady who lives in a deprived area of the city.

其中一個故事來自一位居住在城市貧困地區的女士。

And the hottest day of the year, she watched the readings on the thermometer in the baby's room just going up and up and up.

在一年中最熱的一天，她看著嬰兒房裡溫度計上的讀數一升再升。

And so it was really stressful for the mother trying to manage the situation.

母親在處理這種情況時壓力很大。

We know that babies haven't fully developed the ability to self-regulate their own temperatures.

我們知道，嬰兒還沒有完全形成自我調節體溫的能力。

So these extreme temperatures can be fatal.

Charles's research found that people on lower incomes and other disadvantaged groups were more likely to feel the negative effects of extreme heat because it was harder for them to keep their homes cool.

查爾斯的研究發現，收入較低的人和其他弱勢群體更容易感受到極端高溫的負面影響，因為他們更難讓家裡保持涼爽。

So on a very basic level, people with more income have more resources to cope during these sorts of periods.

從最基本的層面上講，收入越高的人在這種時期就有越多的資源來應對。

It's true across countries around the world.

In the case of Hurricane Katrina, for example, the huge storm that struck New Orleans in the United States in 2005, an academic study that looked at the experience of low-income people in that storm showed that about half of these folks experienced some kind of post-traumatic stress, and that's relative to 5% of the general population.

以 2005 年襲擊美國新奧爾良的颶風卡崔娜為例，一項針對低收入人群在颶風中經歷的學術研究表明，這些人中約有一半人經歷過某種創傷後應激反應，而這一比例相對於普通人群的 5%。

As well as the direct effects of climate change on people's mental health, there's also knock-on effects like loss of income and rising prices, which inevitably have implications for people's wellbeing.

除了氣候變化對人們心理健康的直接影響外，還有收入損失和物價上漲等連鎖反應，這不可避免地會對人們的福祉產生影響。

There's droughts in the fields, which causes shortage of foods, and we've seen food prices go up because of shortages.

田間乾旱導致糧食短缺，我們看到糧食價格因短缺而上漲。

When I live on my own, will I be able to afford, you know, the good food that keeps me healthy?

當我一個人生活時，我能買得起讓我保持健康的美食嗎？

They're serious and they can be scary, but I don't think this is a story of doom and gloom.

它們是嚴肅的，也可能是可怕的，但我不認為這是一個厄運和陰霾的故事。

Being able to come to an awareness of the relationships between climate change and brain health, it affords us an ability to paint a picture of a future that we desire.

認識到氣候變化與大腦健康之間的關係，讓我們有能力描繪我們所期望的未來。

So although the impacts of a changing climate on our mental health can be profound, both Clayton and Charles' research has shown that there are things you can do to support your wellbeing.

儘管不斷變化的氣候對我們的心理健康會產生深遠的影響，但克萊頓和查爾斯的研究表明，你可以做一些事情來支持自己的健康。

Engaging with nature, so spending more time in green space, people use that as a way to cope with stress, and so this is very beneficial.

與大自然接觸，花更多時間在綠地上，人們用這種方式來應對壓力，這是非常有益的。

Social connection is a really big one as well.

社會聯繫也是一個非常重要的因素。

We are not separate from our environment.

We are connected not just to the world around us, but of course to one another, and it is only in working with one another that we're going to be able to move forward.

我們不僅與周圍的世界相連，當然也與彼此相連，只有彼此合作，我們才能向前邁進。

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夏天一年比一年還熱！炎熱的天氣究竟會如何影響我們的心理健康？ (How do heatwaves affect our mental health? | BBC Ideas)

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