I am currently reading a book about Central Asia, which I started into because I got the audio book and the audio book got me interested.

我現在正在讀一本關於中亞的書，開始讀這本書是因為我買了有聲書，有聲書讓我產生了興趣。

And then I decided I wanted to buy the book because when I lie in bed before going to sleep, I don't want to be listening to something, I want to read something, there are many strategic reasons why reading is better than listening, although listening is easier, but let's go back to the beginning.

然後我決定要買這本書，因為當我躺在床上睡覺前，我不想聽什麼，我想讀點什麼，有很多策略上的原因可以解釋為什麼讀比聽好，雖然聽更容易，但讓我們回到開頭。

Obviously throughout most of the history of humankind, we didn't read.

顯然，在人類歷史的大部分時間裡，我們都沒有閱讀。

And even up until very recently, only a very small percentage of people could read.

甚至直到最近，也只有極少數人能夠閱讀。

So there's no special, you know, evolutionary device in our brains that enables us to read.

是以，我們的大腦中並沒有什麼特殊的進化裝置能讓我們閱讀。

It's amazing that we're able to do this.

我們能做到這一點真是了不起。

And we essentially, as I pointed out before, the brain uses essentially the same sequence of sort of locations for reading as it does for listening.

正如我之前指出的，大腦在閱讀時使用的位置序列與聽力時使用的位置序列基本相同。

But of course there are differences.

但當然也有不同之處。

When you hear a voice, you have an emotional connection to the voice.

當你聽到一個聲音時，你會與這個聲音產生情感聯繫。

For that matter, if you're listening to a lecture and you see the professor, or if you're talking to someone, that's also a different experience than simply listening to a recording.

是以，如果你在聽講座時看到了教授，或者你正在與人交談，這也是一種不同於單純聽錄音的體驗。

And there are people who say that we will learn better if we face-to-face talk to someone than if we just listen to a recording, all of which is true.

還有人說，與人面對面交談比聽錄音學習效果更好，這些都是對的。

However, it is a process of ingesting information or being entertained.

然而，這是一個獲取信息或娛樂的過程。

And as you look into it, there are a number of people who have different positions on the respective advantages of listening and reading for students and so forth and so on, and I will leave a few links here in the description box.

當你研究這個問題時，有很多人對聽力和閱讀對學生的各自優勢持有不同的立場，等等等等，我將在描述框中留下一些鏈接。

But first let's look at this phenomenon of audiobooks, first of all.

不過，首先讓我們來看看有聲讀物這一現象。

If you look behind me, you can see two tall bookshelves for CDs, 10 shelves on each one or more full of audio CDs in Czech, in Russian, in Spanish, in French, in German, in Swedish.

從我身後可以看到兩個高高的CD書架，每個書架上有10多個架子，上面擺滿了捷克語、俄語、西班牙語、法語、德語和瑞典語的音頻CD。

For the, you know, 20 odd years that I've been learning languages, whenever I'm in the country where there are audio CDs, I buy them typically, but not only fiction, but also nonfiction.

你知道，在我學習語言的 20 多年裡，只要我所在的國家有音頻 CD，我一般都會買，但不僅是小說，還有非小說類的。

And there's more.

還有更多。

I mean, I got Chinese ones here.

我的意思是，我這裡有中國的。

This is a Czech version of War and Peace.

這是捷克版的《戰爭與和平》。

Again, in, in, in Chinese, I have my...

同樣，在，在，在中國，我有我的...

I have to admit that I buy audio CDs and books at a much faster rate than I can consume them.

我不得不承認，我購買音頻 CD 和書籍的速度遠遠快於我的消費速度。

My appetite is larger than my stomach, which is okay.

我的胃口比我的胃還大，這沒關係。

Maybe one day I'll get to them, but I always feel if I'm in Riga, Latvia and there are Russian bookstores and I can buy Russian language CDs that I can't get in Vancouver, I'm going to buy them.

也許有一天我會去買，但我總覺得，如果我在拉脫維亞的里加，那裡有俄語書店，我能買到在溫哥華買不到的俄語 CD，我就會去買。

And the global market for audiobooks has been growing very, very rapidly.

有聲讀物的全球市場增長非常非常迅速。

There seem to be all kinds of statistics out there, but it's billions of dollars and it's growing.

似乎有各種各樣的統計數字，但這是數十億美元，而且還在不斷增長。

And it's growing because we now have iPhones or Androids and we can actually do our listening on our telephones.

而且這種現象還在不斷增加，因為我們現在都有 iPhone 或 Android 手機，我們實際上可以在手機上進行監聽。

And so much has made it easier to learn this way.

這種方式讓學習變得更加容易。

And young people don't mind learning this way.

年輕人並不介意以這種方式學習。

There's also been an explosion in eBooks, which again is in the billions of dollars.

電子圖書也出現了爆炸式增長，同樣達到數十億美元。

And that's all part of this exploding availability of information and entertainment of which YouTube, Netflix is also a part.

而這一切都是資訊和娛樂爆炸式增長的一部分，YouTube、Netflix 也是其中的一部分。

And so now we have different ways of accessing it.

是以，現在我們有了不同的訪問方式。

We can sync across different platforms.

我們可以跨平臺同步。

All of these things have changed.

所有這些都發生了變化。

But what about the fundamental issue of is it better to read or is it better to listen?

但是，"閱讀好還是傾聽好 "這個根本問題又是怎麼回事呢？

I referenced one study here, which shows that so much depends on what we want to do and what kind of information we want to access.

我在這裡提到了一項研究，它表明這在很大程度上取決於我們想做什麼以及想獲取什麼樣的資訊。

So for scientific information, apparently students that were allowed to read versus those that only listened, the ones who read got 80 some percent accuracy in their answers and the students who only listened got 59%.

是以，對於科學資訊，顯然允許閱讀的學生與只聽的學生相比，閱讀的學生答題正確率為 80%，而只聽的學生答題正確率為 59%。

And obviously when you are reading, you have a different strategy.

顯然，當你閱讀時，你的策略會有所不同。

You can stay longer on a particular section and you have trouble understanding, or you can skip to those sections that interest you.

您可以在某一章節停留較長時間，如果您難以理解，也可以跳到您感興趣的章節。

Whereas when you're listening, you tend to just listen through.

而當你在聽的時候，你往往只是在聽。

You tend not to flip back.

你往往不會回頭。

You tend not to go forward.

你往往不思進取。

On the other hand, I can listen while doing chores around the house.

另一方面，我可以邊做家務邊聽。

I can listen in the car, the Chinese, uh, history CD I've shown you, like drive a car and learn history.

我可以在車裡聽我給你看的中國歷史 CD，就像開著車學習歷史一樣。

So there are different uses there.

是以，這裡有不同的用途。

But I think that trying to say that one is better than the other, it kind of misses the point.

但我認為，試圖說一個比另一個更好，有點捨本逐末。

To me, what matters is that they reinforce each other.

對我來說，重要的是它們能相互促進。

The fact that I found an audio book on the history of central Asia, which I'm interested in because I'm learning Turkish, then I'm listening to this and it, he goes on and on, and sometimes I think I would like to jump ahead to a different period in the history of central Asia, I want the book and I want to be able to read it in my bed.

事實上，我發現了一本關於中亞歷史的有聲書，我對這本書很感興趣，因為我正在學習土耳其語，然後我就在聽這本書，他滔滔不絕，有時我覺得我想跳到中亞歷史的另一個時期，我想要這本書，我想在床上讀這本書。

So it drives me to get the book.

是以，這促使我去買這本書。

The other thing is whenever we do, whether we listen or read, we don't get all of it and we certainly don't get all of it in the first pass.

另一件事是，無論我們是聽還是讀，我們都不會得到全部內容，當然也不會在第一遍就得到全部內容。

This is true in language learning.

語言學習也是如此。

It's true in acquiring any other information.

獲取任何其他資訊都是如此。

It's true even in terms of trying to retain, based on my experience, fictional stories, and I have used fiction a lot.

根據我的經驗，即使在試圖保留虛構故事方面也是如此，而且我已經使用了很多虛構故事。

Di Promessi Sposi I use for Italian.

Di Promessi Sposi 我用在意大利語中。

I listen to the audio book and then I read the book.

我先聽有聲書，然後再看書。

I harvest the words that link, so I increase my vocabulary and it's two different ways of connecting with the same material and we can go back several times and maybe listening gives us a bit of a head start, a bit of a sense of what's there, and then when we read, we pick up more or if we have read ahead a little bit more, so the two are reinforcing.

我收穫了聯繫在一起的單詞，是以我增加了詞彙量，這是聯繫同一材料的兩種不同方式，我們可以回頭再聽幾遍，也許聽力會給我們一個開端，讓我們對那裡的內容有一點感覺，然後當我們閱讀時，我們會撿起更多的東西，或者如果我們已經提前閱讀了更多的東西，那麼這兩者是相輔相成的。

I don't think it's an either or situation.

我認為這不是非此即彼的問題。

If I'm studying for a science exam, even though my retention of science information won't be as good from just plain listening, but if I can find a podcast on that subject and I can listen to that while exercising or in public transit or driving, and then I go back and read that same material, I will understand more.

如果我在為科學考試複習，儘管我對科學資訊的記憶不會像單純聽講那麼好，但如果我能找到一個關於該主題的播客，我可以在運動、乘坐公共交通或開車時聽，然後再回去閱讀同樣的材料，我就會理解得更多。

In fact, I always recommend covering the same material from different sources.

事實上，我總是建議從不同的管道獲取相同的材料。

So even two different books, three different books, audio material, it's all reinforcing, even the eBooks, for example, Kindle apparently has like 80% of the market for eBook readers, and I use Kindle on my iPad, but I probably do more reading in LingQ, that certainly I do more reading in LingQ than I do in Kindle.

是以，即使是兩本不同的書、三本不同的書、音頻資料，都會起到強化作用，甚至是電子書，例如，Kindle 顯然佔據了電子書閱讀器市場的 80%，我在 iPad 上使用 Kindle，但我可能在 LingQ 上做了更多的閱讀，當然，我在 LingQ 上做的閱讀比在 Kindle 上做的更多。

And I'm not a struggling reader in English, but I am a struggling reader in just about every other language that I'm learning, maybe with the exception of say French, there are words that I don't know.

我在閱讀英語方面並不吃力，但我在閱讀其他語言方面卻很吃力，也許法語是個例外，有一些單詞我不認識。

There are sentences that I may know the words, but it's not instant meaning, clear meaning the way English is for me.

有些句子我可能知道單詞，但它不像英語對我那樣有即時的意義和明確的含義。

Now it could be that, uh, struggling readers in English are in a similar situation and there I find that sometimes sentence mode, but not always sentence mode, looking up words, you know, having the audio timestamp to what I'm reading, all of these things help me read better.

我發現有時句子模式（但不總是句子模式）、查找單詞、為我正在閱讀的內容設置音頻時間戳，所有這些都能幫助我更好地閱讀。

And so the audio helps me read better.

是以，音頻可以幫助我更好地閱讀。

So there's all of this kind of mutual reinforcing going on.

是以，這種相互促進的情況一直在發生。

And I've often said, I think that in the sort of literacy strategies, there's too much emphasis on decoding strategies and inferring strategies and pre-reading strategies and comprehension questions.

我經常說，我認為在識字策略方面，過於強調解碼策略、推理策略、預讀策略和理解問題。

If people were allowed simply to listen and read, to combine those two wonderful ways of accessing information or fiction or anything else, I think both improve.

如果允許人們單純地聽和讀，將這兩種獲取信息、小說或其他任何東西的美妙方式結合起來，我認為兩者都會得到改善。

In fact, there is evidence that people who read more also understand better when they listen.

事實上，有證據表明，讀得多的人聽得也更明白。

So the two are very much connected.

是以，這兩者之間有很大的聯繫。

So I think we should be aware that this explosion of material via the internet, both audio and text and the increasing variety of devices and the way that devices sync with each other gives us a whole different approach to collecting information, learning, enjoying stories, and not to mention video.

是以，我認為我們應該意識到，互聯網上音頻和文本資料的爆炸式增長，以及越來越多的設備和設備之間的同步方式，為我們提供了一種完全不同的收集資訊、學習和欣賞故事的方式，更不用說視頻了。

And like, obviously if we're watching a movie, if we're just listening to the difference, a sensation as compared to actually seeing the video itself.

很明顯，如果我們在看一部電影，如果我們只是在聽，這種感覺與真正看到視頻本身的感覺是不同的。

So combine text, video, audio, combine it all as much as you can.

是以，要儘可能地將文字、視頻、音頻結合起來。

Don't worry about what you forget, because you're probably going to forget.

不要擔心你會忘記什麼，因為你很可能會忘記。

You're going to forget parts of the story you just read.

你會忘記剛剛讀過的部分故事。

You're going to forget words.

你會忘詞的。

You're going to forget stuff you needed for your exam.

你會忘記考試需要的東西。

But the more you go over and harvest the same material, the same information, using different approaches, the audio, the listening, reading different books, all of this is gradually going to help you collect more and more of that information, as long as you recognize that perfection is not a realistic goal.

但是，只要你認識到完美並不是一個現實的目標，那麼你越是去重複和收穫同樣的材料、同樣的資訊，使用不同的方法、音頻、聽力、閱讀不同的書籍，所有這些都會逐漸幫助你收集到越來越多的資訊。

So those are my thoughts on audio versus reading, the importance of each in our learning processes and in our ability to enjoy information and entertainment.

以上就是我對音頻和閱讀的看法，它們在我們的學習過程中，以及在我們享受資訊和娛樂的能力中，各自都很重要。

Thank you for listening.

感謝您的收聽。