Yevgeny Prigozhin was the leader of a private militia that's been fighting alongside the Russian military in Ukraine.

葉夫根尼-普里戈金是一個私人民兵組織的領導人，該組織一直在烏克蘭與俄羅斯軍隊並肩作戰。

The problem, however, on June 24 was that he was going the wrong way.

然而，6 月 24 日的問題是，他走錯了路。

That morning, his troops stormed Russian military headquarters in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don.

當天上午，他的部隊攻入俄羅斯頓河畔羅斯托夫市的俄羅斯軍事總部。

Armored vehicles and military helicopters in Russia's Rostov region.

俄羅斯羅斯托夫州的裝甲車和軍用直升機。

By that afternoon, he was leading his troops toward the Russian capital, Moscow.

當天下午，他率領部隊向俄羅斯首都莫斯科進發。

Wagner vehicles that are heading towards Moscow.

前往莫斯科的瓦格納車輛。

And along the way, he explained why.

一路上，他解釋了原因。

Prigozhin was suddenly the most serious threat

普里戈金突然成為最嚴重的威脅

Russian President Vladimir Putin had ever faced.

俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾-普京曾經面對過。

The real surprise, though, was where he came from.

不過，真正令人驚訝的是他的來歷。

This was a threat coming from inside the house.

這是來自屋內的威脅。

This was someone close to him who he had trusted, was really seen as a political ally.

這是他的親信，他信任的人，真正被視為政治盟友的人。

For more than 20 years, Putin has constructed a seemingly impenetrable wall of secret police, intelligence agencies and military groups around himself and used it to eliminate anyone who challenged his power.

20 多年來，普京用祕密警察、情報機構和軍事組織在自己周圍築起了一道看似堅不可摧的牆，並利用這道牆消滅任何挑戰他權力的人。

That is, until one of them threatened to bring it all down.

直到他們中的一個人威脅要毀掉這一切。

So who are the ones that keep Putin in power?

那麼，是誰讓普京繼續掌權？

And why did one of them rebel?

其中一個人為什麼要造反？

I'm sorry!

對不起

I'm sorry!

對不起

Its products are riots, terror and mass murder.

其產物就是暴亂、恐怖和大屠殺。

Its tools are lies, deceit, blackmail, sabotage, war and revolution.

它的工具是謊言、欺騙、訛詐、破壞、戰爭和革命。

Its single goal is conquest.

它的唯一目標就是征服。

It is the KGB.

是克格勃。

The Committee for State Security was the Soviet Union's notorious intelligence service.

國家安全委員會是蘇聯臭名昭著的情報機構。

And it's where this whole story begins.

整個故事就是從這裡開始的。

The KGB consisted of hundreds of thousands of agents, whose mission was to spy both in foreign countries and inside the Soviet Union.

克格勃由數十萬名特工組成，其任務是在外國和蘇聯境內從事間諜活動。

It monitored Soviet dissidents, media organizations and even members of the ruling Communist Party, all in service of one main goal, keeping the top leaders of the Soviet Union in power.

它監視蘇聯持不同政見者、媒體組織，甚至是執政的共產黨員，所有這些都是為了一個主要目標，那就是讓蘇聯最高領導人繼續掌權。

The KGB even spied on the military, the other major force keeping these leaders in power.

克格勃甚至監視軍方，而軍方是維持這些領導人權力的另一支主要力量。

By pitting the KGB against the military, the Soviet leaders had maintained a firm grip on power for decades.

通過讓克格勃與軍方對抗，蘇聯領導人幾十年來一直牢牢掌控著政權。

Until one day, they collapsed.

直到有一天，他們崩潰了。

The Soviet Union is dying.

蘇聯正在消亡。

Through the trappings of totalitarianism in Russia are falling away.

俄羅斯極權主義的外衣正在逐漸脫落。

It was the Communist Party itself, the backbone of the Soviet state.

它就是共產黨本身，蘇維埃國家的中流砥柱。

When the Soviet Union fell, so did the KGB.

蘇聯解體後，克格勃也隨之解體。

And the new Russian president, Boris Yeltsin, broke it up into several smaller agencies with distinct responsibilities.

俄羅斯新總統鮑里斯-葉利欽將其拆分為幾個職責分明的小機構。

The Federal Counterintelligence Service was to prevent threats within Russia.

聯邦反間諜局負責防止俄羅斯境內的威脅。

The Foreign Intelligence Service was in charge of spying in other countries.

外國情報局負責在其他國家進行間諜活動。

The Federal Protective Service was to protect the president.

聯邦保護局是用來保護總統的。

And others were responsible for things like border control, electronic eavesdropping and even Russia's many secret underground bunkers.

還有一些人負責邊境管制、電子監聽，甚至俄羅斯的許多祕密地下掩體。

These are Russia's security services.

這些是俄羅斯的安全部門。

In the 1990s, they were dysfunctional and weak, while around them new factions were on the rise.

20 世紀 90 年代，他們功能失調、軟弱無力，而在他們周圍，新的派別正在崛起。

Rival politicians and a new class of ultra-wealthy businessmen called oligarchs were battling for power under a weakening Yeltsin.

在日益衰弱的葉利欽上司下，對立的政客和被稱為寡頭的新的超級富商階層正在爭奪權力。

In the midst of all of this, a young Vladimir Putin had risen to the right place at the right time.

在這一切之中，年輕的弗拉基米爾-普京在正確的時間站到了正確的位置。

Hey everybody, welcome back to Search Party.

大家好，歡迎回到 "搜索派對"。

Today's video is sponsored by a company that I'm really proud to work with.

今天的視頻由一家公司贊助，我很榮幸能與這家公司合作。

BetterHelp is making online therapy more affordable and more accessible to everyone.

BetterHelp 讓在線治療變得更加經濟實惠，讓每個人都能更方便地接受治療。

I'll be the first to admit that stress and anxiety has gotten the best of me before.

我會第一個承認，壓力和焦慮曾經讓我變得最糟糕。

Sometimes it's just everyday issues, other times it's the work involved in starting a brand new YouTube channel.

有時只是日常問題，有時則是開設一個全新 YouTube 頻道所涉及的工作。

Whatever the case, I've actually found therapy to be a great solution.

無論如何，我發現治療其實是一個很好的解決方案。

But I've also found that it's hard to get started.

但我也發現，這很難開始。

Finding one that's affordable can be really difficult, especially when I'm limited to just the options in my area.

要找到一家經濟實惠的餐廳真的很難，尤其是當我的選擇僅限於本地區時。

Thankfully, BetterHelp is a platform that makes finding a therapist easy.

值得慶幸的是，BetterHelp 是一個可以讓您輕鬆找到治療師的平臺。

Because it's online, it's remote, and by answering just a few questions, it'll set you up with a therapist in just a few days.

因為它是在線的、遠程的，只需回答幾個問題，它就能在短短几天內為你安排一位治療師。

And to make getting started even easier, there's a link in my description below, betterhelp.com slash searchparty.

為了讓您更容易上手，我在下面的描述中有一個鏈接：betterhelp.com slash searchparty。

Using it will not only help the channel, but it'll get you 10% off your first month with a licensed therapist through BetterHelp.

使用它不僅能幫助頻道，還能讓您在通過 BetterHelp 向持證治療師諮詢的第一個月享受九折優惠。

And because not every therapist is a good fit,

因為不是每個治療師都適合你、

BetterHelp makes it easy to switch at no additional cost, and there's no need to worry about insurance or who's in your network or anything like that.

BetterHelp 可以讓您輕鬆轉換，無需額外費用，也無需擔心保險或誰在您的網絡內之類的問題。

So whether you're struggling with anxiety or stress or depression, or just think it's time to talk to someone,

是以，無論你是在焦慮、壓力或抑鬱中掙扎，還是覺得是時候找人傾訴、

I really do encourage you to try online therapy with BetterHelp.

我非常鼓勵您嘗試 BetterHelp 的在線治療。

And we've made it really easy to get started with the link below, betterhelp.com slash searchparty.

通過下面的鏈接（betterhelp.com slash searchparty），您可以非常容易地開始使用。

Thanks again to BetterHelp for supporting Search Party.

再次感謝 BetterHelp 對搜索黨的支持。

And now let's get back to the episode.

現在讓我們回到這一集。

In the 1980s, Putin was a KGB officer in East Germany.

20 世紀 80 年代，普京曾在東德擔任克格勃官員。

Then in the 90s, he went from a mid-level bureaucrat to the head of the FSK, since renamed the FSB.

上世紀 90 年代，他從一名中層官僚晉升為 FSK（後更名為 FSB）的負責人。

Then to be head of Russia's Security Council, where he coordinated with all of Russia's security services.

之後，他成為俄羅斯安全委員會主席，負責協調俄羅斯所有安全部門的工作。

Next, he became Yeltsin's prime minister.

隨後，他成為葉利欽的總理。

Then when Yeltsin suddenly resigned, he chose the 47-year-old Putin to succeed him.

後來，葉利欽突然辭職，他選擇了 47 歲的普京繼任。

Putin immediately set out to consolidate power.

普京立即著手鞏固政權。

And he started by calling on the only people he knew and believed he could trust.

他首先找到了他唯一認識並相信可以信任的人。

The FSB was the security service that most resembled the old KGB.

聯邦安全局是最像老克格勃的安全部門。

It even worked out of its old building.

它甚至在舊樓裡工作。

Quickly after becoming president, Putin pulled the FSB directly under his command, then expanded many of its responsibilities, and had it absorb other security services.

普京就任總統後，很快就將聯邦安全局直接劃歸他指揮，然後擴大了它的許多職責，並讓它吸收了其他安全部門。

He then directed it to arrest oligarchs that didn't pledge loyalty to him and investigate rival politicians.

隨後，他訓示該機構逮捕不效忠於他的寡頭，並調查競爭對手的政客。

The FSB also trumped up fake charges against countless human rights activists, journalists, and dissidents.

聯邦安全局還對無數人權活動家、記者和持不同政見者提出莫須有的假指控。

This is how Putin captured so much power in the early 2000s.

普京就是這樣在本世紀初攫取了如此大的權力。

He then elevated the other security services to create a new layer in the Russian state, alongside the military and the sprawling interior ministry, the MVD.

隨後，他提升了其他安全部門的級別，使其與軍隊和龐大的內務部（MVD）並列，成為俄羅斯國家的一個新層級。

Putin was pulling Russia's thousands of spies, police officers, and soldiers onto his side.

普京把俄羅斯成千上萬的間諜、警察和阿兵哥拉到了自己一邊。

And like bricks in a wall, they blocked anyone from rising up against him.

他們就像牆壁上的磚塊，阻擋著任何人反抗他。

You have a leader in Putin who really grew up with that KGB background and has a sense of how to use these security services to his own ends.

普京是一位真正在克格勃背景下成長起來的領導人，他知道如何利用這些安全部門來達到自己的目的。

This is Katrina Doxey, an expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

我是戰略與國際研究中心的專家卡特里娜-多克西。

They purposefully operate in the shadows.

他們故意在暗處活動。

Members and former members of these services were known as the Solovki, and Putin elevated several of them into his inner circle, along with some trusted politicians and military leaders.

這些部門的成員和前成員被稱為 "索洛夫基"（Solovki），普京將他們中的一些人提升為自己的核心圈子成員，還有一些值得信賴的政治家和軍事領導人。

This was a collection of close confidants who Putin gave power and wealth to in exchange for their total subordination and loyalty.

普京將權力和財富交給了這些親信，以換取他們的完全服從和忠誠。

Those influential members of the inner circle were the Solovki who worked with Putin before he was president, like the head of the Security Council, Nikolai Petrushev, who worked with Putin in the KGB back in the 70s, the same as the head of the FSB, Alexander Bortnikov, and the head of the SVR, Sergey Naryshkin, worked with Putin in the 1990s.

這些有影響力的核心圈子成員是在普京擔任總統之前就與他共事過的索洛夫基，比如安全委員會主席尼古拉-彼得魯舍夫，他早在上世紀 70 年代就與普京在克格勃共事過，同樣的還有聯邦安全局局長亞歷山大-博爾特尼科夫，以及上世紀 90 年代與普京共事過的蘇聯高級情報局局長謝爾蓋-納雷什金。

Since they owed their positions to Putin, they helped keep this wall of security services and military firmly on Putin's side, as he continued to eliminate challengers well into the 2010s.

由於他們的職位都是普京的，是以他們幫助普京牢牢站在安全部門和軍隊這道牆的一邊，直到 2010 年代，普京還在繼續消滅挑戰者。

The Russian leader doesn't even try to be subtle anymore.

俄羅斯領導人甚至不再試圖含蓄。

Opposition leader Boris Nemtsov is murdered steps from Red Square.

反對黨領袖鮑里斯-涅姆佐夫在距離紅場幾步之遙的地方被謀殺。

Alexei Navalny survived poisoning from a nerve agent that CNN helped trace back to Russian intelligence and the FSB.

阿列克謝-納瓦爾尼（Alexei Navalny）因神經毒劑中毒而倖存，CNN 協助追查到俄羅斯情報部門和聯邦安全局。

Navalny is now in solitary confinement in one of Russia's most brutal penal colonies.

納瓦爾尼現在被單獨監禁在俄羅斯最殘酷的刑罰殖民地之一。

With all his challengers defeated, the only factions left that could hypothetically threaten his power were in this wall.

在所有挑戰者都被擊敗之後，唯一能威脅到他權力的派系就只剩下這堵牆了。

So Putin has developed some tactics to coup-proof it.

是以，普京制定了一些防止政變的策略。

Putin and various Russian leaders before him have always harbored this fear of the threat from within.

普京和他之前的多位俄羅斯領導人一直對來自內部的威脅懷有恐懼。

First, Putin gives the security services overlapping responsibilities.

首先，普京賦予安全部門重疊的職責。

For example, the SVR, FSB, and military all have formed units in charge of spying in other countries.

例如，蘇聯高級情報局、俄羅斯聯邦安全局和軍方都組建了負責在其他國家從事間諜活動的組織、部門。

And Putin has created a new service in charge of protecting himself, a responsibility long held by the FSO and MVD.

普京還成立了一個負責保護自己的新部門，而這一職責長期以來一直由聯邦安全局和國防部承擔。

He's forcing the services to compete against each other for his favor.

他迫使各服務部門相互競爭，以獲得他的青睞。

Putin also has them spy on each other.

普京還讓他們互相監視。

Just like under the Soviet Union, the FSB has many agents inside the military.

就像蘇聯時期一樣，聯邦安全局在軍隊內部也有許多特工。

And FSB agents are often arrested by other FSB agents.

俄聯邦安全局特工經常被其他俄聯邦安全局特工逮捕。

Finally, Putin frequently purges personnel in these services.

最後，普京經常清洗這些部門的人員。

If someone seems too ambitious, they're replaced with someone less threatening and more loyal.

如果有人看起來野心太大，他們就會被威脅性更小、忠誠度更高的人取代。

Not even the members of his inner circle are safe from these purges.

就連他的核心圈子成員也不能倖免於這些清洗。

Putin's tactics have purposely turned the services and those in the inner circle into bitter rivals, so that if one of them rises up against him, the others will keep it in check.

普京的策略是故意將各部門和核心圈子的人變成死對頭，這樣，如果其中一個人起來反對他，其他人就會加以控制。

So it was no surprise when Putin allowed a new group to form.

是以，普京允許組建一個新的集團也就不足為奇了。

Wagner is a militia that emerged around 2014.

瓦格納是 2014 年左右出現的一個民兵組織。

Although it was technically illegal under Russian law, it quickly became one of Putin's most useful tools for achieving goals abroad.

儘管根據俄羅斯法律，這在技術上是非法的，但它很快成為普京在海外實現目標的最有用工具之一。

Wagner helped the Russian military invade Ukraine in 2014 and helped it fight in Syria beginning in 2015.

瓦格納在 2014 年幫助俄羅斯軍隊入侵烏克蘭，並從 2015 年開始幫助俄羅斯軍隊在敘利亞作戰。

Wagner also operated in several more countries that Russia had an interest in.

瓦格納還在俄羅斯感興趣的其他幾個國家開展業務。

The person in charge of Wagner was named Yevgeny Progozhin.

瓦格納的負責人名叫葉夫根尼-普羅戈金。

He was an entrepreneur who built several companies, including one that catered meals for the Kremlin, where he caught Putin's eye.

他是一位企業家，創建了多家公司，其中一家公司為克里姆林宮提供餐飲服務，引起了普京的注意。

Progozhin, in his young adulthood, was a criminal, and he did eventually build up this business empire using this sort of gang, mafia-style politics.

普羅戈金年輕時是一名罪犯，他最終利用這種黑幫式的政治手段建立起了這個商業帝國。

That sort of background and appetite to take on violence, to do whatever it takes to succeed, that really made him stand out to Putin.

這種背景和挑戰暴力、不惜一切代價取得成功的慾望，讓他在普京面前脫穎而出。

So Putin and Progozhin's Wagner work alongside the Russian military, and for years, they seemed to work well together.

是以，普京和 Progozhin 的瓦格納與俄羅斯軍方並肩作戰，多年來，他們似乎合作無間。

But that would change when Putin made the biggest mistake of his reign.

但是，當普京犯下他執政以來最大的錯誤時，情況就會發生變化。

Vladimir Putin ordering an all-out air and ground assault on its neighbor.

弗拉基米爾-普京下令對其鄰國發動全面的空中和地面進攻。

Russia's invasion of Ukraine hasn't gone well.

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭的行動並不順利。

The Russian military first failed to capture the capital, Kiev, and within a few months, only controlled parts of the east and south of Ukraine.

俄羅斯軍隊首先未能佔領首都基輔，幾個月內只控制了烏克蘭東部和南部的部分地區。

For Putin, these failures pose a huge risk to his power by possibly lowering his inner circle's confidence and increasing the risk that one of them might try and overthrow him.

對普京來說，這些失敗可能會降低其核心圈子的信心，增加他們中有人試圖推翻他的風險，從而給他的權力帶來巨大風險。

So Putin has doubled down on his playbook.

是以，普京加倍了他的把戲。

He had FSB leaders arrested for providing bad intelligence in the lead-up to the invasion.

他逮捕了在入侵前提供不良情報的聯邦安全局領導人。

He fired more than 100 members of the National Guard, including its second-in-command, and fired several military generals.

他解僱了 100 多名國民警衛隊成員，包括其副指揮官，並解僱了幾名軍事將領。

For Progozhin, though, this was good news.

不過，對普羅戈金來說，這是一個好消息。

He saw this opportunity for Wagner to be presented as the competent ones.

他認為這是瓦格納作為有能力者亮相的機會。

Progozhin swelled Wagner's ranks by recruiting men from Russia's prisons, then pushed them to the front of key battles in Ukraine, most notably in the town of Bakhmut.

Progozhin 通過從俄羅斯監獄招募人員來壯大瓦格納的隊伍，然後將他們推到烏克蘭關鍵戰役的前線，其中最著名的是在巴赫穆特鎮的戰役。

There, Wagner is reported to have used brutal tactics and suffered tens of thousands of killed and wounded, but on May 20, 2023, they captured it.

據報道，瓦格納在那裡使用了殘酷的戰術，死傷數萬人，但在 2023 年 5 月 20 日，他們佔領了那裡。

Wagner's success led it to overlap more with the Russian military, while also elevating Progozhin into Putin's inner circle, where he began to build up his influence and publicly criticize the military leaders.

瓦格納的成功使其與俄羅斯軍方有了更多的重疊，同時也將 Progozhin 提升到普京的核心圈子，在那裡他開始建立自己的影響力，並公開批評軍方領導人。

Progozhin has come out publicly saying things that no one else could get away with saying in Russia.

Progozhin 曾公開說過一些在俄羅斯無人能說出的話。

But Putin didn't step in to stop Progozhin

但普京沒有出面阻止普羅戈金

He could play the two sides off of one another, thus using each of them to limit the other, and, in a way, can disperse some of that pressure from landing on him.

他可以讓雙方互相配合，從而利用各自的優勢來限制對方，在某種程度上，可以分散一些落在他身上的壓力。

So Putin allowed the feud to escalate.

於是，普京任由恩怨升級。

Finally, in June 2023, Putin's military leaders struck back by announcing they were going to stop the war by announcing they would absorb Wagner's troops, essentially cutting off Progozhin from the thing that gave him wealth and access to Putin.

最後，在 2023 年 6 月，普京的軍事領導人進行了反擊，宣佈他們將吸收瓦格納的部隊，從而停止戰爭，從根本上切斷了 Progozhin 與給他帶來財富和接近普京的機會的聯繫。

So on June 23, 2023, in order to survive,

是以，在 2023 年 6 月 23 日，為了生存、

Progozhin rebelled.

Progozhin 叛亂了。

As his forces raced towards Moscow,

當他的部隊向莫斯科狂奔時

Progozhin claimed he was planning to remove just Russia's military leaders.

Progozhin 聲稱，他計劃撤換的只是俄羅斯的軍事領導人。

But Putin was forced to go on national television and call Progozhin a traitor.

但普京被迫在國家電視臺上稱 Progozhin 為叛徒。

For the first time, the world could see that Putin didn't have total control.

世界第一次看到，普京並沒有完全掌控一切。

And it was because the feuds he stoked between his subordinates were backfiring on him.

這是因為他挑起的下屬之間的不和正在對他產生反作用。

This was someone close to him who he had trusted, that he had given a surprisingly long leash to.

這是他的親信，是他信任的人，是他給予了出乎意料的信任的人。

That shock factor was really part of what gave this such a large impact.

這種震撼因素確實是它產生如此大影響的原因之一。

Just before reaching Moscow,

就在抵達莫斯科之前

Progozhin agreed to surrender, but his rebellion revealed a much bigger problem for Putin.

Progozhin 同意投降，但他的叛亂給普京帶來了更大的麻煩。

His wall of security services did not appear to try and stop Wagner's mutiny, and many of Putin's top military and security service leaders were nowhere to be seen.

他的安全服務牆似乎並沒有試圖阻止瓦格納的叛變，普京的許多高級軍事和安全服務領導人也不知所蹤。

We did have evidence that some of the intelligence services were aware that Progozhin was planning something, but what's unclear is why actions weren't taken to really stop the advance before it could begin.

我們確實有證據表明，一些情報部門意識到普羅戈金在策劃著什麼，但不清楚的是，為什麼沒有采取行動，真正在推進開始之前就加以阻止。

This wall has for years successfully defended him from outside challengers, but it didn't appear totally willing to stop one from coming from the inside.

這堵牆多年來成功地抵禦了外部的挑戰者，但似乎並不完全願意阻止來自內部的挑戰者。

It's a sign that Putin's grip on power could be weaker than ever before.

這表明普京對權力的控制可能比以往任何時候都要薄弱。

Equally suspicious is that Putin hasn't purged the security services for their inaction, and he's reportedly met with Progozhin and Wagner repeatedly since their mutiny.

同樣可疑的是，普京並沒有因為安全部門的不作為而對其進行整肅，而且據說自普羅戈金和瓦格納叛變以來，他已多次與他們會面。

That means for the time being, the war in Ukraine will continue to put pressure on Putin's leadership, but his wall of protection remains unchanged, cracks them all.

這意味著，烏克蘭戰爭將繼續給普京的領導層帶來壓力，但他的保護牆不會改變，會將他們一一擊破。

Hey, everybody, that's episode two.

各位，這是第二集

I hope you enjoyed it.

希望你們喜歡。

We had an incredible launch last month, and I just wanna thank all of you that subscribed.

我們上個月的發佈非常成功，我想感謝所有訂閱的用戶。

That's over 150,000 of you, but I especially wanna thank those of you who joined our membership program.

你們當中有超過 15 萬人，但我要特別感謝那些加入我們會員計劃的人。

It's that kind of support that's gonna allow us to make these videos faster and ultimately make more of them.

有了這樣的支持，我們才能更快地製作這些視頻，並最終制作出更多的視頻。

If you haven't joined yet, all the info you need is in the link below.

如果您還沒有加入，您需要的所有資訊都在下面的鏈接中。

Until then, keep commenting and telling me what kind of stories you wanna hear.

在此之前，請繼續發表評論，告訴我你們想聽什麼樣的故事。

So keep an eye out for those over the next few months, and I'll see you next time.

請在接下來的幾個月裡繼續關注，我們下次再見。