Hi, there, Steve Kaufmann here again.

大家好，我是 Steve Kaufmann。

And, today, I want to talk about workplace English.

今天，我想談談職場英語。

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如果你喜歡這些影片，請訂閱並點擊鈴鐺開啟通知。

And, if you're following me on a podcast service, please leave a review.

如果你是在播客上關注我，請留下評論。

So, many people I know listen to my videos, or even as a podcast, to improve their English.

我認識的很多人都會把我的影片當作播客來提升他們的英語程度。

English is, whether we like it or not, sort of, the most widely used international language.

不管我們願不願意，英語都是使用最廣泛的國際語言。

So, there is a need to learn English for work.

所以說，學習商用英語是必要的。

This is particularly true of immigrants to, say, Canada, the US, UK, Australia, English-speaking countries who have a need to work in the, sort of, mainstream economy,

尤其是移民到加拿大、美國、英國、澳洲等英語國家的人，他們需要在主流經濟中工作，

therefore, to use English, or in the case of Canada, French in the province of Quebec.

所以需要使用英語，或者在加拿大的魁北克省使用法語。

So, and... and there are many⏤if we Google, we look for, you know, "professional English", "business English", "workplace English",

如果我們在 Google 上搜索 professional English、business English、workplace English，

there are special programs, courses that are offered to help people, you know, improve their English for work.

會有很多專門的項目和課程幫助人們提高工作英語程度。

But I have some general, sort of, thoughts on this.

但我對此有一些大致的想法。

My own view is that to work in English, the, sort of, technical jargon, the technical vocabulary that you need is rather limited.

我自己的觀點是，用英語工作，你所需要的那種技術術語和技術詞彙是相當有限的。

That can be learned quite easily.

這很容易學會。

And what I would do if I were, say, having to work in German, let's say, or Spanish or Chinese or Russian or Japanese or Portuguese,

如果我需要用德語、西班牙語、中文、俄語、日語或葡萄牙語工作，

then, I would find, you know, documents, reports, things of that nature which have the vocabulary⏤the technical vocabulary⏤that relates to my area of professional, you know, expertise or things that I need.

我就會找一些文件、報告之類的東西，其中包含與我的專業領域相關的詞彙和技術詞彙或者我需要的東西。

And I would read them and I would, if... if I could find podcasts on these subjects, I would listen to them.

我會閱讀它們，如果我能找到關於這些主題的播客，我就會聽它們。

I would save the words and phrases that I need, essentially, using something like LingQ.

我會儲存我需要的單詞和片語，主要是使用類似 LingQ 的軟體。

I would bring them into LingQ and then work them to get that jargon, that turn of phrase, the technical terms that I need.

我會把它們帶入 LingQ，然後用它們來獲取我需要的行話、措詞和專業術語。

That's the easy part.

這是最簡單的部分。

The more difficult part is⏤because if you work in an office or you're interacting with customers or suppliers or you're dealing with people in a working environment⏤you are dealing with them socially.

更困難的是，如果你在辦公室工作，或與客戶或供應商打交道，或在工作環境中與人打交道，你就會與他們社交。

You're dealing with them socially while at work.

你就是在工作時與他們社交。

You're dealing with them in many situations⏤socially after work.

你要在很多場合和他們打交道，包括下班後的社交活動。

So, you have to connect with them culturally and socially.

所以說，你必須在文化和社會方面與他們建立聯繫。

That's more difficult.

這比較困難。

So, I always say, you know, the professional English, the business English, that's the easy part.

我總是說，專業英語、商務英語是最簡單的部分。

Work on improving your social English.

努力提高你的社交英語水平。

And, fortunately, today, there's an abundance of sitcoms on YouTube, on Netflix.

幸運的是，如今 YouTube 和 Netflix 上有大量的情景喜劇。

There's different ways we can access these to get at the phrasing that is being used.

我們可以透過不同的方式獲取這些資訊以瞭解所使用的片語。

You know, if we can get ourselves to a stage where we actually get the jokes,

如果我們能讓自己達到可以理解笑話的階段，

you know, even the fact that we watch some of the popular TV programs or see the most recent movies,

即使我們看一些流行的電視節目或看最近的電影，

it gives us a subject of discussion that we can share with our colleagues at work.

這也給了我們一個討論的主題，可以在工作中與同事分享。

But, also, we can acquire the vocabulary and get a sense of the culture to the extent that these sitcoms reflect how people actually live.

但我們也可以透過這些情景喜劇來掌握詞彙、瞭解文化，因為這些情景喜劇反映了人們的實際生活。

It's a somewhat distorted impression.

這是一個有些扭曲的印象。

Nevertheless, I find when I watch a sitcom in, you know, Turkish or whatever, I have a feeling that I'm participating in the life of these people, Turkish people, if it's a family or whatever.

儘管如此，我發現當我用土耳其語或其他語言觀看情景喜劇時，我感覺自己是在參與這些土耳其人的生活（如果是一個家庭或其他什麼的）。

And I tend to prefer sitcoms with what seems to be realistic people rather than, you know, crime and car races and shooting and all this kind of stuff.

我傾向於喜歡那些看起來很現實的人的情景喜劇，而不是犯罪、汽車、賽車、槍擊之類的東西。

So, we have to work, even in the workplace, we have to work on our social English as well as our professional English.

即使是在工作場所，我們也必須努力學習社交英語和專業英語。

Now, when it comes to sales presentations or making a presentation of any kind, I think it's⏤first of all, you want to study people who are effective at doing this.

說到銷售演示或做任何形式的演示，我認為，你首先要學習那些有效地做這件事的人，

And the interesting thing for those people learning English is that there is an abundance of podcasts on... not only on every possible area of, from marketing to technical issues to, you name it, Bitcoin, I don't know.

對於學習英語的人來說有趣的是，有大量的播客，不僅關於每一個可能的領域，從市場營銷到比特幣等。

There's podcasts on everything.

什麼都有播客。

And there's podcasts on history and there's podcasts on whatever subject you're interested in.

有關於歷史的播客，也有關於你感興趣的任何主題的播客。

So, I would definitely recommend availing yourself of podcasts, but also, I'm sure⏤

所以，我絕對建議你利用播客，而且我肯定——

I don't know if there are podcasts on how to make a presentation, but there's lots of⏤I haven't Googled for it⏤but if you Google for "how to make a presentation", you get lots of tips.

我不知道是否有關於如何製作演示文稿的播客，但有很多——我沒有在 Google 上搜尋過——但如果你 Google 搜尋 how to make a presentation，你會得到很多訣竅。

My suggestion is, in any presentation I have made, I use the, sort of, presentation techniques of the ancient Greeks and Romans, the, sort of, rhetorical conventions.

我的建議是，在我所做的任何演講中，我都會使用古希臘和古羅馬的那種修辭慣例演講技巧。

And you can Google "rhetoric", and you will see that they have a certain style.

你可以在 Google 搜尋 rhetoric，你會發現他們有一定的風格。

You begin by⏤you have to begin by making people like you in a way and establishing your credentials.

首先，你必須在某種程度上讓人們喜歡你，並樹立起你的威信。

And then you tell a story, and then you can present some counterarguments to your story, and then you want to finish with an emotional appeal.

然後你再講一個故事，接著可以提出一些反駁，最後你要以情感訴求結束。

I mean, I've summarized it very quickly, but I would definitely recommend that you do some research into how to present things effectively.

我總結得很快，但我完全建議你去研究一下如何有效率地演講。

And there are a number of conflicting theories of how to present effectively, but these are techniques that you should have.

關於如何有效地演講有許多相互矛盾的理論，但這些都是你應該掌握的技巧。

Because if you have a technique that you're using for how you are going to present, how you're gonna make yourself appear credible,

因為如果你掌握瞭如何演講、如何讓自己顯得可信、如何以一種方式引導聽眾，

how you're gonna lead the audience one way and then lead them another way and then conclude in some other way,

然後又以另一種方式引導他們，最後再以其他方式結束演講的技巧，

then you have the feeling that you are in control.

那麼你就會有一種掌控全局的感覺。

And that is a very powerful feeling when you are trying to persuade people of something.

當你試圖說服別人時，這種感覺非常強烈。

So, to summarize, then, by all means⏤and once we're talking about workplace English, in most cases, we're talking about people who are beyond the sort of beginner level.

總結一下，無論如何，我們一談論到職場英語，在大多數情況下，我們講的都是超過初級水準的人。

These are people who have a certain level in the language who need to improve that level, but beyond that, want to feel comfortable in the workplace.

這些人的語言水準已達到一定程度，但需要進一步提高，但除此之外，還希望在工作場所感到舒適。

So, my advice in summary is, by all means, find technical documents, articles, material, books, podcasts that you can access in order to get the technical jargon and phraseology that you need.

所以我的建議是，無論如何都要找到技術文檔、文章、資料、書籍和播客，以便獲取所需的技術術語和用語。

Or, for that matter, if you have to write papers, there are forms that... or structures that should be used in making, you know, presenting your dissertation or whatever it might be.

或者說，如果你必須寫論文，那麼在撰寫論文或其他任何東西時，都應該使用一些形式和結構。

But, then, make sure you put enough effort into the social-cultural language so that you can be comfortable with your colleagues at work, whether at work or after work.

但要確保你在社會文化語言方面付出了足夠的努力，這樣你才能在工作中與同事相處自如，無論是在工作中還是在工作之餘。

And there are any number of ways you can do that because, nowadays, there's just so much material available on the internet.

你有很多方法可以做到這一點，因為現在互聯網上有很多可用的材料。

Even if you don't live in, say, an English-speaking country, you can access that kind of environment through Netflix, YouTube, and other, you know, maybe presentations that are available on the internet.

即使你不生活在英語國家，你也可以透過 Netflix、YouTube 和其它也許是互聯網上可用的演示文稿進入這樣的環境。

And, finally, if you are in the situation where you have to make sales presentations, do a little bit of research on effective, you know, speech making and rhetoric, as I say, R-H-E-T-O-R-I-C.

最後，如果你處於必須進行銷售演示的情況下，請對有效的演講和修辭進行一點研究，拼音是 R-H-E-T-O-R-I-C。

Because the ancient Greeks and Romans really had a good approach; it was a big part of their education.

因為古希臘和古羅馬人真的有一個很好的方法，這是他們教育的重要組成部分。

And I think it's very valuable, even today.

而且我認為它即使在今天也非常有價值。

So, there you have it, a brief discussion on workplace English.

就這樣，簡單討論一下職場英語。

And it is part of this whole idea of effective output, so, I will leave a couple of videos where I talk about using the language effectively.

這也是有效產出理念的一部分，所以我會留下幾段影片，說明如何有效地使用語言。