By the end of this video, you'll know how to optimize your cash flow, prioritize your spending towards your life goals, and how to balance living in the present whilst planning for the future.

在本視頻結束時，您將知道如何優化現金流、為實現生活目標安排支出的優先次序，以及如何在活在當下與規劃未來之間取得平衡。

If you're new here, I'm Nisha.

如果你是新來的，我是妮莎。

I'm a qualified accountant and a former investment banker.

我是一名合格的會計師，也曾是一名投資銀行家。

And on this channel, we talk all things personal finance and self-development.

在這個頻道里，我們談論個人理財和自我發展的所有事情。

Let's start with step number one, your personal cash flow.

讓我們從第一步開始，你的個人現金流。

This is essentially a measure of your financial efficiency.

這基本上是衡量您財務效率的一個標準。

It's calculated by taking your total income and subtracting your fundamental costs.

計算方法是將您的總收入減去基本費用。

So let's look at an example.

讓我們來看一個例子。

Alex, who earns $5,700 a month from her salary and a side gig.

艾麗克絲，她的月薪和副業收入為 5700 美元。

Her fundamental costs include anything that is essential to her living.

她的基本費用包括生活必需品。

So these include reoccurring expenses like rental mortgage, utilities, mobile phone, transportation and groceries, minimum debt payments.

是以，這些費用包括房租按揭、水電煤氣、手機、交通和日用品等經常性開支，以及最低債務償還額。

And in total, that should make up between 50 to 60% of your take-home pay.

總的來說，這應該佔你實得工資的 50% 到 60%。

Once you have an accurate amount, which reflects the total of your fundamental costs in any given month, in Alex's case, 2,900 a month, subtract that number from your take-home pay.

一旦你有了一個準確的數字，它反映了你在任何給定月份的基本費用總額，以亞歷克斯為例，每月 2,900 美元，那麼就從你的實得工資中減去這個數字。

That is your margin.

這就是你的保證金。

So in this case, Alex's margin is 2,800 per month.

是以，在這種情況下，亞歷克斯的利潤率為每月 2 800 美元。

So that's within the recommended guideline.

是以，這是在建議的指導範圍內。

This margin is the amount that she can choose to save, invest or spend on non-essential items.

這個差額就是她可以選擇儲蓄、投資或用於非必需品的金額。

Understanding this margin is super, super important.

瞭解這個邊際是超級、超級重要的。

It's what dictates exactly how much you can allocate towards your life goals.

它決定了你能為自己的人生目標分配多少資金。

Whether it's saving for a house, investing for an early retirement, saving for a holiday or just enjoying life.

無論是攢錢買房、為提前退休投資、攢錢度假還是享受生活。

Obviously, there's a finite amount of money that you have available.

顯然，你的可用資金是有限的。

So whatever decision you make will have an opportunity cost.

是以，無論你做什麼決定，都要付出機會成本。

We'll talk more about that in step four.

我們將在第四步詳細討論這個問題。

The key is to regularly monitor your cash flow so you always know where your money is going and how much margin you have left each month.

關鍵是要定期監控現金流，這樣你就能隨時知道錢的去向，以及每月還有多少餘量。

Step two is your purpose-based spending.

第二步是你的目的性消費。

Now that you understand your personal cash flow and you know how much margin you have left over each month, it's time to think about your current lifestyle and the life you want to be living five years, 10 years from now.

現在，您瞭解了您的個人現金流，也知道了您每月還有多少餘量，是時候考慮一下您目前的生活方式和五年、十年後您想要的生活了。

This step is all about allocating your margin to your purpose.

這一步就是要根據目的分配保證金。

So let's bring up Alex again.

所以，讓我們再次提起亞歷克斯。

Alex starts by thinking about all the things that she wants to do and achieve.

艾麗克絲首先想到了她想做的和想實現的所有事情。

She wants to buy a home with a big garden.

她想買一個有大花園的房子。

She wants to retire early.

她想早點退休。

She wants to quit her job to pursue her passion full time.

她想辭去工作，全心全意地追求自己的激情。

Ultimately, what she chooses to do with her margin will dictate each of these goals she can then turn into reality.

歸根結底，她選擇如何利用自己的保證金，將決定她能否把這些目標變成現實。

So now she needs to get super clear on how much each of these goals are going to cost her.

是以，她現在需要非常清楚地知道，每一個目標都會讓她付出多少代價。

So first up, she wants to buy a new home and that's going to cost her approximately 500,000.

首先，她想買一套新房，大約需要 50 萬。

That's the benchmark.

這就是基準。

She's also expected to put down 20% as a down payment.

她還需要支付 20% 的首付款。

So she'll need to have aimed to saved up at least 100,000 plus legal fees, property tax, and any other associated costs with buying a home.

是以，她的目標是至少攢夠 10 萬，再加上律師費、房產稅和其他與買房相關的費用。

So let's assume in total, she needs 120,000.

是以，我們假設她總共需要 12 萬。

She also, as we said, wants to quit her job within the next two years to do something more fulfilling or even to start her own business.

正如我們所說，她還想在未來兩年內辭職，去做一些更有意義的事情，甚至自己創業。

To do that, she knows she needs to build up a healthy cash buffer or a cash pot set aside that lets her take that risk and that she could continue paying her bills from when she does take it.

要做到這一點，她知道自己需要建立一個健康的現金緩衝區或預留現金池，讓她能夠承擔這種風險，並在承擔風險後繼續支付賬單。

She also said she wants to retire early.

她還說她想早點退休。

She calculated how much she needs during retirement and it's 50,000 annually.

她計算了一下退休後每年需要多少錢，是 5 萬。

The 4% rule is a very high level rule and it's used commonly in retirement planning, suggesting that you can withdraw 4% of your savings annually, adjusted for inflation, to sustain your funds for at least 30 years.

4% 規則是一個非常高級的規則，常用於退休規劃中，建議您每年提取儲蓄的 4%，並根據通貨膨脹率進行調整，以維持資金至少 30 年。

So the way to work out how much you would need in investments is you take your annual number, 50,000 in this case, and times it by 25.

是以，計算您需要多少投資的方法是，將您每年的投資額（此處為 50,000）乘以 25。

This is a back of the envelope number that she would need in her investment pot to be able to retire early and that is 1.25 million.

這是她為提前退休所需的投資額，即 125 萬美元。

So as you can see with step number two, you want to think about your goals and put a financial number that you need to save or invest to be able to meet those goals in any given time frame.

是以，正如您在第二步中所看到的，您需要考慮自己的目標，並設定一個財務數字，即您需要儲蓄或投資，以便能夠在任何給定的時間框架內實現這些目標。

And then step three is to organize your finances to reach those goals.

然後，第三步就是為實現這些目標而安排你的財務。

So now that she has a pretty good idea of what she wants and what it will take to get there, now she needs to organize her finances around her goals and essentially do a feasibility check.

是以，既然她對自己想要什麼以及實現目標需要付出什麼有了相當好的想法，現在她就需要圍繞自己的目標來安排財務，並進行可行性檢查。

So let's look at her first goal.

讓我們來看看她的第一個目標。

If she needs 120,000 saved up within the next five years, because that's when she wants to buy her home, given her monthly margin of 2,800, she can now calculate her feasibility.

如果她需要在未來 5 年內存下 12 萬，因為她想在那時買房，考慮到她每月的保證金為 2,800 美元，她現在可以計算一下自己的可行性。

So to save 120,000 in five years, she needs to save 120,000 divided by 16 months, 2,000 per month.

是以，要在五年內儲蓄 12 萬，她需要用 12 萬除以 16 個月，即每月儲蓄 2000。

With a current margin of 2,800 per month, Alice can comfortably allocate 2,000 towards her down payment goal.

目前，Alice 每月的保證金為 2,800 美元，她可以輕鬆地拿出 2,000 美元用於首付目標。

This leaves her with an additional 800 a month for spending holidays, any other goals or expenses that she has outside of her fixed living expenses.

這樣，她每月就多出了 800 美元，可以用來過節、實現其他任何目標或支付固定生活費以外的費用。

She should also set up autosave and put those savings into a high interest account to earn more on the money that she's saving, making it easier to reach her target potentially a little bit sooner.

她還應該設置自動儲蓄，將這些儲蓄存入高息賬戶，以賺取更多的利息，從而更容易地提前達到目標。

You also want to think about other things that you need to do that relate to the financial goal.

您還需要考慮與財務目標相關的其他事情。

So in this case, you'll need to familiarize herself with mortgage options, interest rates, the qualification criteria.

是以，在這種情況下，您需要熟悉抵押貸款的選擇、利率和資格標準。

This includes understanding how her savings, her credit score and her income impact her borrowing capacity.

這包括瞭解她的儲蓄、信用評分和收入如何影響她的借貸能力。

So knowing this will help her plan how much she needs to earn and save to get the mortgage size that she's aiming for.

是以，瞭解這一點將有助於她計劃自己需要賺多少錢、存多少錢，才能獲得她想要的抵押貸款額度。

Now, if Alice separately wants to quit her job and transition into entrepreneurship, or even maybe a lower paid job, a more fulfilling career, she needs to focus on building that cash buffer.

現在，如果愛麗絲分別想辭掉工作，轉型創業，甚至可能是一份收入更低的工作，一個更充實的職業，她就需要專注於建立現金緩衝。

Given her living expenses or fundamental costs, which she already has calculated are 2,900 a month, she will need to save up just under 35,000, which is the 2,900 times 12 over the next two years.

考慮到她的生活費或基本費用（她已經計算出每月 2,900 美元），她需要在未來兩年內積攢不到 35,000 美元，即 2,900 美元乘以 12。

So if you break that down, she'll need to save 1,458 a month to build up that cash buffer.

這樣算下來，她每月需要儲蓄 1,458 美元才能建立起現金緩衝。

This is well within her monthly margin, but not if she's also saving for her home at the same time.

這完全在她的月收入範圍之內，但如果她同時還在為買房存錢，那就不一樣了。

And if she does choose to quit, how would this impact her ability to get a mortgage?

如果她選擇辭職，這會對她獲得抵押貸款的能力產生什麼影響？

That's something else that she would need to consider if she does want to consider both.

如果她真的想同時考慮這兩個問題，她還需要考慮其他因素。

And then let's look at her third goal, which is to retire early.

我們再來看看她的第三個目標，那就是早日退休。

If she's 30 right now and wants to retire by the time she's 50, then assuming an average rate of return of 8%, she can start by putting in 2,300 a month into her investments.

如果她現在 30 歲，想在 50 歲之前退休，那麼假設平均回報率為 8%，她可以從每月投入 2,300 美元開始投資。

That way, by the time she's 50, she would have put in 552,000, but her portfolio would be worth 1.25 million, which is what she needs to be able to retire off.

這樣，到她 50 歲時，她將投入 55.2 萬美元，但她的投資組合將價值 125 萬美元，這正是她退休所需要的。

If she wants to retire even sooner, so in 15 years, then she'll need to find a way to put an extra 1,000 a month in, which is more than what her margin is at the moment.

如果她想更快退休，比如 15 年後，那麼她就需要想辦法每月多投入 1000 美元，這比她目前的保證金還要多。

So she needs to find other ways to make this compounding work if she does want to retire early.

是以，如果她真的想提前退休，就需要找到其他方法讓複利發揮作用。

I'm not going to go into the details of this investing section, asset allocation, tax-free accounts.

我不打算詳談投資部分、資產配置、免稅賬戶等細節。

That's another topic in itself.

這本身就是另一個話題。

If you do want a video on that, let me know.

如果你想看視頻，請告訴我。

But I also have a free cheat sheet which outlines what to do with your money on payday and in what order, and covers everything from building an emergency fund, repaying debt, investing, and which accounts to then prioritize.

不過，我也有一份免費的小抄，其中概述了發薪日該如何處理你的錢，以及按照什麼順序來處理，內容包括建立應急基金、償還債務、投資以及然後優先處理哪些賬戶。

Completely free.

完全免費。

Link is in the description.

鏈接在說明中。

By going through this and understanding how you need to prioritize your finances to meet your goals, I want to emphasize on two things.

通過了解這些，我想強調兩點，即你需要如何安排財務的優先次序，以實現你的目標。

Firstly, depending on what you want your life to look like in two years, in five years, in 10 years from now, you need to do different things with that margin to make it happen.

首先，根據你希望自己兩年後、五年後、十年後的生活是什麼樣子，你需要用這筆保證金做不同的事情來實現它。

With short-term goals, you can't focus on purely saving and tucking that money away into a high-interest or high-yield savings account.

有了短期目標，你就不能只專注於儲蓄，把錢存入高息或高收益的儲蓄賬戶。

But if your goals are more than five years away, you want to look at investing it to make that goal potentially happen even faster.

但是，如果你的目標距離實現還有五年以上的時間，那麼你就應該考慮用這筆錢進行投資，以便更快地實現目標。

The second thing I want to talk about here is that you need to take your goal or your vision and to assess the feasibility, you really need to break it down into what you need to do today to make that thing happen in the timeline or the time frame that you're looking for it to happen in.

我想在這裡談的第二件事是，你需要把你的目標或你的願景，評估其可行性，你真的需要把它分解成你今天需要做的事情，以便在你希望實現它的時間表或時間框架內實現它。

Although your circumstances will change, you might get a new car in the middle, you might get a pay rise in the middle, you can always go back and adjust those amounts or those monthly savings or investments to reflect your situation.

雖然你的情況會發生變化，你可能會在中間換一輛新車，你可能會在中間加薪，但你總是可以回頭調整這些金額或每月儲蓄或投資，以反映你的情況。

And the third thing that you actually need to consider is step four, which is choose your trade-offs.

第三件你需要考慮的事情是第四步，即選擇取捨。

Every single financial decision you make involves a concept called opportunity cost.

你所做的每一個財務決策都涉及到一個叫做機會成本的概念。

In simple terms, opportunity cost is about what you give up when you choose one option over another.

簡單地說，機會成本就是當你選擇一個選項而不是另一個選項時，你所放棄的東西。

It's like the unseen cost of any decision, like choosing to spend money on a holiday instead of putting it towards saving up for a deposit.

這就像任何決定都要付出看不見的代價，比如選擇把錢花在度假上，而不是用來攢存款。

Understanding opportunity cost helps you make better informed choices by not just considering the immediate benefit but also what you might be missing out on.

瞭解機會成本可以幫助你做出更明智的選擇，不僅考慮眼前的利益，還考慮你可能錯過的東西。

So with small day-to-day purchases, I try not to talk about opportunity cost or sweat the details.

是以，對於日常的小額消費，我儘量不談機會成本，也不在細節上糾結。

If that thing that I'm buying costs less than 0.01% of your net worth, don't worry about the opportunity cost, just enjoy the spending.

如果我買的東西花費不到你淨資產的 0.01%，就不要擔心機會成本，只管享受消費。

The two places where opportunity cost really comes in is for your home and for a car.

真正產生機會成本的兩個地方是買房和買車。

And for these, you want to carefully weigh the immediate benefits against the long-term costs and how it'll impact your broader life goals.

對於這些，你要仔細權衡眼前利益和長期成本，以及它將如何影響你更廣泛的人生目標。

So firstly, let's look at housing trade-offs.

是以，首先讓我們來看看住房權衡問題。

In Alex's case, choosing a nicer home, if she decides to go for buying that more expensive countryside home with a garden, she's foregoing the prospect of retiring early or even being able to build a cash buffer for her to be able to quit in the time frame she wants.

在亞歷克斯的案例中，如果她決定購買更昂貴的帶花園的鄉間別墅，那麼她就放棄了提前退休的前景，甚至無法為她在她希望的時間內辭職建立現金緩衝。

And I want to really emphasize this here because it's virtually impossible to plan for everything at the same time.

我想在這裡強調這一點，因為幾乎不可能同時為所有事情做好計劃。

So you're going to need to prioritize what is the most important thing for you at any given time.

是以，在任何時候，你都需要優先考慮對你來說最重要的事情。

So in my early 20s, whilst I was putting in a percentage of my margin towards investing in the stock market and letting that money compound, I was far, far, far more focused on saving up for a home.

是以，在我 20 歲出頭的時候，雖然我把一定比例的保證金投入到股市投資中，並讓這些錢復利，但我更關注的是存錢買房。

That was where most of my money was going.

我的大部分錢都花在了那裡。

Once I then bought that home, my focus shifted and my next big goal was to quit my job and pursue something that I wanted to do full-time.

買下那套房子後，我的工作重心就轉移了，下一個大目標就是辭掉工作，全心全意做自己想做的事情。

So then it became building out a healthy cash buffer, and that is where all my margin then was focused on.

於是，我就開始建立一個健康的現金緩衝區，這也是我當時所有保證金的重點所在。

And now in my 30s, I've really doubled down on investing to build and focus on the freedom that I want.

現在我 30 多歲了，我真的加倍投資，以建立和專注於我想要的自由。

Had I in fact chosen to rent a home for a bit instead of buying, I might have been able to build the freedom part that I want sooner.

事實上，如果我當時選擇租房住而不是買房，也許我就能更快地獲得我想要的自由。

I could have saved on the large deposit, the fees associated with buying a home, and that huge amount of savings could have been invested, potentially growing faster than property values over the same period.

我本可以省下一大筆存款和買房的相關費用，而且這筆鉅額存款還可以用來投資，其增長速度可能會超過同期的房產價值。

And in fact, it has.

事實上，它已經做到了。

The amount that I put in towards the deposit for my at that point in my life.

這是我當時為我的存款所投入的金額。

And speaking of investments, I also want to share a resource that has been a game changer on my own journey to growth.

說到投資，我還想與大家分享一個資源，它改變了我自己的成長之路。

And that is where I introduced today's sponsor, Brilliant.

我就在這裡介紹今天的贊助商--Brilliant。

Brilliant is where you learn by doing with thousands of interactive lessons in maths, data analysis, programming, and AI.

Brilliant 提供數千節數學、數據分析、編程和人工智能方面的互動課程，讓您在實踐中學習。

Their first principles approach has proven to be six times more effective than watching lecture videos on that topic that you're learning.

事實證明，他們的第一原則方法比觀看有關學習主題的講座視頻要有效六倍。

And all of the content is crafted by an award-winning team of teachers, researchers, and professionals from MIT, Microsoft, Google, and more.

所有內容都是由麻省理工學院、微軟、谷歌等公司的獲獎教師、研究人員和專業人士組成的團隊精心製作的。

Brilliant has a growing number of programming courses, programming with Python course that will help you start building programs and develop your mind to think like a developer.

Brilliant 有越來越多的編程課程，Python 編程課程將幫助你開始構建程序，並培養你像開發人員一樣思考的能力。

They also have a thinking in code course which goes through everything from loops and variables to nesting and conditionals.

他們還開設了代碼思維課程，從循環和變量到嵌套和條件，無所不包。

This is just a small snippet of all of the content that Brilliant has to offer.

這只是 Brilliant 提供的所有內容的一小部分。

You can try it out and check out everything else completely for free for a full 30 days over on brilliant.org forward slash Misha, or click the link in the description using that same link.

你可以在 brilliant.org 轉發斜槓 Misha 上試用它，並在 30 天內完全免費查看其他所有內容，或者點擊描述中的鏈接使用相同的鏈接。

You can also get 20% off of your annual premium subscription.

您還可以享受年度高級訂閱 8 折優惠。

The second big trade-off is a car.

第二大權衡因素是汽車。

So again, I had a nicer car than I needed for many years, but when my focus shifted and I wanted to desperately build out that cash buffer, I sold my car.

是以，多年來，我一直擁有一輛比我需要的還要好的車，但當我的工作重心轉移，想拼命建立現金緩衝區時，我賣掉了我的車。

I didn't actually need it.

其實我並不需要它。

And when I sold my car, I put that money towards my emergency fund to fast track that cash buffer, which ultimately led to me being able to quit my job sooner.

當我賣掉汽車後，我把這筆錢存入了我的應急基金，以快速獲得現金緩衝，最終使我能夠更快地辭掉工作。

By focusing on those really big purchases that have a huge opportunity cost and evaluating how these major purchases fit into your overall financial strategy, you can make sure that your decisions today support your goals for tomorrow.

通過關注那些機會成本巨大的真正大額採購，並評估這些大額採購如何與您的整體財務戰略相匹配，您可以確保您今天的決策支持您明天的目標。

We always ask yourself when it comes to big ticket spending, how will this affect my financial future?

當涉及到大額消費時，我們總是會問自己，這會對我的財務未來產生什麼影響？

And what am I giving up by choosing this now?

而我現在選擇這樣做，又放棄了什麼？

So this is how I looked at my finances, how I used it to build or to craft a life that I want that genuinely makes me happy.

這就是我如何看待我的財務狀況，如何利用它來建立或打造我想要的、真正讓我快樂的生活。

So I wanted to share that with you in case there's a financial goal that you have in mind, but you don't know how to approach it.

是以，我想與大家分享一下，以防大家心中有一個財務目標，卻不知道如何去實現。

I'd love to hear from you.

歡迎您的來信。

What are you focusing on at this point in time?

此時此刻，你在關注什麼？

Let me know in the comments.

請在評論中告訴我。

I'm going to read every single one.

我要讀完每一本。

And if you like this video, you might also enjoy this video that I have right here.

如果你喜歡這段視頻，你可能也會喜歡我這裡的這段視頻。

Thank you and see you there.

謝謝，到時見。