Even as young kids, we lie and deceive our parents, or at least we try.

即使是年幼的孩子，我們也會撒謊欺騙父母，至少我們會嘗試。

As we grow and learn about ourselves and other people, the manipulation tactics we encounter become more sophisticated.

隨著我們的成長以及對自己和他人的瞭解，我們遇到的操縱策略也會變得更加複雜。

It can be hard to distinguish between manipulation and honesty.

很難區分操縱和誠實。

So, we decided to explain the most comprehensive list of manipulation tactics as fast as possible.

是以，我們決定儘快解釋最全面的操縱策略清單。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

Let's go.

我們走吧

Aggressive Jokes When someone makes a joke at your expense, they're not only trying to manipulate you, but also those around you.

咄咄逼人的笑話 當有人以你為代價開玩笑時，他們不僅想操縱你，還想操縱你周圍的人。

This tactic is used to exclude you and make you feel like an outsider.

這種策略是用來排斥你，讓你覺得自己是局外人。

The person who makes the jokes will often downplay what they've said or brush it off as just a joke, purposefully making you feel bad.

開這種玩笑的人往往會輕描淡寫，或者把它當作一個玩笑，故意讓你感覺不好。

Anger and Fear Emotions can be effective tools of manipulation.

憤怒和恐懼 情緒可以成為有效的操縱工具。

For example, getting angry at you over something very small can be a way to control you and keep you in line.

例如，因為一件很小的事情就對你發火，這可能是一種控制你、讓你保持一致的方式。

They may also gaslight you into thinking that their emotional response was appropriate and valid when it was not.

他們還可能給你施壓，讓你認為他們的情緒反應是適當和有效的，其實不然。

Blackmail Blackmailing is when someone has information or evidence about you.

勒索 勒索是指有人掌握了你的資訊或證據。

It can be used to threaten you into doing something you don't want to do.

它可以用來威脅你做一些你不想做的事。

Blackmail can be a criminal offense in some cases.

在某些情況下，勒索可能屬於刑事犯罪。

Blaming Playing the blame game is a manipulation tactic often used in relationships.

指責 玩指責遊戲是人際關係中經常使用的一種操縱策略。

If someone is particularly insecure, they may blame you for their mistakes to alleviate their guilt or embarrassment.

如果某人特別缺乏安全感，他們可能會把自己的錯誤歸咎於你，以減輕自己的內疚或尷尬。

Boundary Violation Manipulators want to see how far they can push you.

邊界侵犯操縱者想看看他們能把你逼到什麼程度。

If the boundary you have set is in the way of something they want, for example if they want a sexual relationship and you do not, they may push or even break that boundary on purpose.

如果你設置的界限阻礙了他們想要的東西，比如他們想要性關係而你不想要，他們可能會故意突破甚至打破這個界限。

Boundary pushing is usually paired with guilt tripping or gaslighting to make actions seem less distressing.

界限推動通常與內疚絆倒或氣話相搭配，使行動看起來不那麼令人痛苦。

Changing the Subject When a manipulator is caught in a lie or is embarrassed about being wrong in some way, they will change the subject to distance themselves from their behavior.

轉移話題 當操縱者在撒謊時被發現，或者因為自己在某些方面做錯了而感到尷尬時，他們會轉移話題，使自己與自己的行為保持距離。

Later on they might try to gaslight you by changing what they said or explaining things in a way that is more favorable to them.

之後，他們可能會試圖對你施加壓力，改變他們說過的話，或用對他們更有利的方式解釋事情。

Coercion Coercion covers a few other manipulation tactics like blackmail, guilt tripping and threatening.

脅迫 脅迫包括其他一些操縱策略，如勒索、內疚絆倒和威脅。

It refers to the general goal of trying to convince you to do something you don't want to do.

它指的是試圖說服你做一些你不想做的事情的總體目標。

Criticizing Manipulators need you to feel insecure in order for their tactics to work.

責備操縱者需要你感到不安全，他們的策略才能奏效。

They may disguise their criticism as care or thoughtfulness when that is not the case.

他們可能會把責備偽裝成關心或體貼，而事實並非如此。

Manipulators will then immediately follow up their criticism with a Crowd Manipulation Using strong and emotional words is a way politicians often use to influence crowds into believing a situation is more dire or more positive than it is.

然後，操縱者會立即用 "人群操縱 "來跟進他們的責備。 使用強烈而情緒化的語言是政客們經常使用的一種方式，他們通過這種方式來影響人群，讓他們相信形勢比實際情況更嚴峻或更積極。

Manipulating a crowd to get them riled up or excited is typically done by appealing to the crowd's emotions or flattering them.

操縱民眾，讓他們騷動或興奮，通常是通過迎合民眾的情緒或奉承他們來實現的。

Denial It is extremely common for people to deny what they have done when they have done something wrong.

否認 當人們做錯事時，否認自己的所作所為是極為常見的。

It typically happens when an insecurity has been exposed.

這種情況通常發生在不安全感暴露的時候。

We learn this behavior from a very young age.

我們從小就學會了這種行為。

Everyone knows a kid who would say, I meant to do that, when you confront them and tell them they messed something up.

每個人都認識這樣的孩子，當你面對他們，告訴他們搞砸了什麼事情時，他們會說，我是故意的。

Downplaying When a manipulator is called out for their behavior, they may instinctually downplay it.

輕描淡寫 當操縱者的行為被指出時，他們會本能地輕描淡寫。

This can often be done through self-deprecating jokes or overly long explanations for their actions.

這通常可以通過自我解嘲的笑話或對自己行為過於冗長的解釋來實現。

They may try to make it seem as though their actions were actually for the greater good.

他們可能會試圖讓自己的行為看起來是為了更大的利益。

Emotional Blackmail If a manipulator knows what affects you emotionally, they may try to use that against you.

情感勒索 如果操縱者知道什麼會影響你的情感，他們可能會試圖利用這一點來對付你。

A common form of emotional blackmail is threatening self-harm.

威脅自殘是一種常見的情感勒索形式。

Fake Moralization When a manipulator knows you will disapprove of their true intentions, they may try to disguise it as virtuous.

假道德化 當操縱者知道你會反對他們的真實意圖時，他們可能會試圖將其偽裝成美德。

This can present itself in numerous ways.

其表現形式多種多樣。

Claiming to be oppressed, flaunting their good virtues, or trying to tell others what is and isn't good are forms of manipulation tactics that would fall under fake moralization.

聲稱自己受到壓迫、炫耀自己的好品德，或者試圖告訴別人什麼是好的，什麼是不好的，這些都是屬於假道德化的操縱手段。

This can be an especially difficult tactic to detect.

這可能是一種特別難以察覺的策略。

Some people are genuinely oppressed or they want to call out harmful behavior so it can be difficult to tell whether they are trying to manipulate or be helpful.

有些人是真的受到了壓迫，或者他們想揭露有害行為，是以很難分辨他們是想操縱別人還是想幫助別人。

Flattery Sometimes, manipulators will try to win you over using flattery.

奉承 有時候，操縱者會試圖用奉承來贏得你的信任。

An example of this would be if someone said to you, you're smart, so I'm sure you would agree with me.

舉個例子，如果有人對你說，你很聰明，所以我相信你會同意我的觀點。

Gaslighting Gaslighting has come up a lot so far.

煤氣中毒 迄今為止，煤氣中毒已經出現了很多次。

It is a common deceitful tactic where the goal is to convince you that what you know is wrong and has been wrong the whole time.

這是一種常見的欺騙手段，目的是讓你相信你所知道的是錯的，而且一直都是錯的。

Gaslighting can come with blaming, denial, and downplaying.

心理暗示會伴隨著責備、否認和輕描淡寫。

If you have five easter eggs and they took one, I'll try to convince you there were only four whole time.

如果你有五個復活節彩蛋，而他們拿走了一個，我會努力讓你相信一直以來只有四個。

Generalizing Generalizations are made to convince you of something.

以偏概全 以偏概全是為了讓你相信某些事情。

They could be using stereotypes or oversimplifying to purposely make things appear better or worse.

他們可能在使用刻板印象或過度簡化，故意讓事情看起來更好或更糟。

Generalizations can often be vague, saying things like, well you know how they are.

概括通常會比較含糊，比如說 "你知道他們是怎樣的人"。

Implying that someone or a group of people can be stupid or overly sensitive is a generalization, designed to make you feel like you're part of something and therefore, more likely to side with a manipulator.

暗示某個人或某個群體可能愚蠢或過於敏感是以偏概全的做法，目的是讓你覺得自己是其中的一員，是以更有可能站在操縱者一邊。

Ghosting Typically used in relationships, ghosting is the act of disappearing or ignoring someone who is trying to contact you.

幽靈行為 通常用於人際關係中，幽靈行為是指消失或忽略試圖聯繫你的人的行為。

The goal of ghosting is to keep you unsure and insecure about your relationship and to influence you to believe that they are so important that your time with them is precious and should be cherished more.

幽會的目的是讓你對你們之間的關係缺乏信心和安全感，影響你相信他們是如此重要，以至於你和他們在一起的時間彌足珍貴，應該更加珍惜。

Guilt tripping Guilt tripping is another way to use your emotions against you.

內疚絆腳石 內疚絆腳石是另一種利用情緒來對付自己的方法。

They will use guilt to shame you for doing the things you want to do and for going against their wishes.

他們會用負罪感來羞辱你，讓你做你想做的事，違揹他們的意願。

They can use anything from religion to dead relatives to make you feel guilty.

他們可以利用任何東西，從宗教到死去的親人，讓你感到內疚。

Hoovering This is when someone, typically a romantic partner, changes their behavior when the relationship is nearing its end.

胡攪蠻纏 這是指某人（通常是戀愛伴侶）在關係即將結束時改變自己的行為。

If you ever get to the point of wanting to break up or if you show some indication that you may leave them, they will change their behavior in drastic ways.

如果你到了想要分手的地步，或者有跡象表明你可能會離開他們，他們的行為就會發生翻天覆地的變化。

Suddenly they are a different person, making large gestures, love bombing or making threats of self-harm to suck you back into the toxic relationship.

突然之間，他們就像變了一個人，做出大動作、進行愛情轟炸或以自殘相威脅，把你拉回這段有毒的關係中。

Infantilization This is when someone speaks to you as though you are a child or mentally impaired to make it known that you are not well respected or that you are not on the manipulator's intellectual level.

幼兒化 這是指有人把你當成孩子或智力有缺陷的人說話，讓人知道你不被尊重或你的智力水準不在操縱者的水準上。

Isolation In relationships, a manipulative partner may see your family and friends as threats, so they will try to manipulate you into separating yourself from them.

孤立 在人際關係中，操縱型伴侶可能會把你的家人和朋友視為威脅，是以他們會試圖操縱你與他們分離。

From there, you will become entirely reliant on your partner and they will be able to slowly control every aspect of your life.

從此，你會變得完全依賴你的伴侶，他們會慢慢控制你生活的方方面面。

Love bombing This tactic is especially effective for people who lack a sense of love in their lives.

愛情轟炸 這一招對生活中缺乏愛的人特別有效。

If someone comes along who pours an impossible amount of love on you, it can be enough to get you to do anything for them.

如果有人對你傾注了不可能的愛，這足以讓你為他做任何事。

This love doesn't last long, however.

然而，這種愛並沒有持續太久。

Once they have what they want, they will show you little to no attention or even ghost you.

一旦他們得到了自己想要的東西，就會對你不屑一顧，甚至對你鬼迷心竅。

Lying Lying is probably the most commonly used manipulation tactic.

謊言 謊言可能是最常用的操縱策略。

Avoiding the truth and influencing what people know is the most basic, instinctual tactic we know because it is so easy to lie.

迴避真相，影響人們的認知，是我們最基本、最本能的策略，因為撒謊太容易了。

A lot of other manipulation tactics are just grand ways of lying.

很多其他的操縱伎倆都是大話連篇。

Passive aggression By being passive aggressive, the manipulator can't be called out.

被動攻擊 通過被動攻擊，操縱者不會被揭穿。

They can easily claim that they were just joking, not being sincere, or not being purposefully aggressive.

他們可以輕而易舉地聲稱自己只是在開玩笑，並非真心實意，也不是故意咄咄逼人。

Playing on insecurities This is another tactic in the same vein as emotional blackmail or guilt tripping, where it is done to use your emotions against you.

利用不安全感 這是另一種策略，與情感勒索或內疚絆腳石的做法如出一轍，都是利用你的情緒來對付你。

The manipulator might say they love you despite your insecurities, making you feel like others wouldn't put up with the things that make you feel insecure.

操縱者可能會說他們愛你，儘管你有不安全感，讓你覺得別人不會容忍讓你感到不安全的事情。

They may also exploit insecurities like a fear of getting cheated on by joking about cheating or excusing cheating.

他們還可能利用害怕被欺騙等不安全感，拿欺騙開玩笑或為欺騙開脫。

Projection When someone is trying to manipulate you with projection, they will turn the accusations back on you.

投射 當有人試圖用投射來操縱你時，他們會反過來指責你。

If you try to say or do anything to resist their manipulation, they will claim that you are trying to manipulate them.

如果你試圖說什麼或做什麼來抵制他們的操縱，他們就會說你在試圖操縱他們。

For example, someone might be trying to guilt trip you.

例如，有人可能試圖讓你內疚。

If you don't give in or if you call them out, they will turn it around and say something like, you are trying to gaslight me into thinking I'm a bad guy.

如果你不屈服，或者把他們叫出來，他們就會反過來說，你是在給我施壓，讓我覺得我是個壞人。

You are trying to manipulate me.

你想操縱我。

They have projected their bad behaviors onto you to avoid criticism.

他們把自己的不良行為投射到你身上，以逃避責備。

Shaming Similar to guilt tripping, the goal of shaming is to make you feel bad.

羞辱 與內疚絆倒類似，羞辱的目的是讓你感覺不好。

Where guilt tripping is usually used when you are going to do something, shame is often used for something you have already done.

內疚通常是在你要做某件事情時使用，而羞愧通常是在你已經做了某件事情時使用。

This can have many effects in different contexts.

這在不同情況下會產生多種影響。

In relationships, shaming someone can be a way to control their behavior and make them want the manipulator's approval.

在人際關係中，羞辱別人可以是一種控制對方行為的方式，讓對方希望得到操縱者的認可。

Shifting the goalpost When someone shifts the goalpost, they are changing the agreed upon rules to benefit themselves.

移動門柱 當有人移動門柱時，他們就是在改變約定的規則，為自己謀利。

Your boss might ask you to do something very specific.

你的老闆可能會要求你做一些非常具體的事情。

When you do it and it doesn't work, they try to change what they wanted.

當你這樣做了，但沒有成功時，他們就會試圖改變自己的想法。

This is done to make them appear more virtuous when things don't work out for them or so that they aren't responsible when things go poorly.

這樣做是為了在事情不順利時讓他們顯得更賢惠，或者在事情不順利時讓他們不承擔責任。

Smear campaigns A smear campaign is when someone spreads negative rumors or disinformation about you to manipulate what people think of you and to damage your reputation.

抹黑運動 抹黑運動是指有人散佈關於你的負面謠言或虛假資訊，以操縱人們對你的看法並損害你的聲譽。

The silent treatment This is another manipulation tactic that many of us learn at a very young age.

沉默對待 這是我們很多人在很小的時候就學會的另一種操縱策略。

Usually used in arguments, the silent treatment puts the burden of communication onto the other person.

沉默對待通常在爭吵中使用，它把溝通的負擔推給了對方。

It's also used in relationships when someone feels that their partner is not fulfilling their needs.

在人際關係中，當有人覺得伴侶沒有滿足自己的需求時，也會用到這個詞。

Rather than talking about it, they stay silent to make their partner feel as guilty and stressed out about it as possible.

他們不談論這個問題，而是保持沉默，儘可能讓伴侶為此感到內疚和壓力。

Threatening We also learn about threats from a young age.

威脅 我們從小就知道威脅。

They are fairly straightforward, with a manipulator telling you what they will do if you go against them.

它們相當簡單明瞭，操縱者會告訴你，如果你反對他們，他們會怎麼做。

In relationships, an example could be, if you go out with your friends tonight, I will break up with you.

在人際關係中，一個例子可以是：如果你今晚和朋友出去，我就和你分手。

As you can tell from this example, threats can also pair with other tactics like isolation.

從這個例子中可以看出，威脅也可以與隔離等其他策略搭配使用。

Triangulation Triangulation is a manipulation tactic that aims to exclude you.

三角測量 三角測量是一種旨在將你排除在外的操縱策略。

This can occur when someone goes to your friends and tries to get them to turn against you.

當有人去找你的朋友，試圖讓他們背叛你時，就會出現這種情況。

This is often done to get your mutual friends to go against you as well.

這樣做往往是為了讓你的共同朋友也反對你。

It always involves other people having to choose the right side.

它總是涉及其他人必須選擇正確的一方。

It doesn't just apply to friend groups.

這不僅適用於朋友圈。

Parents may also ask their kids to choose their side, dividing the family to be against the other parent.

父母還可能要求孩子選擇自己這一邊，將家庭分裂成與另一方父母對立的局面。

Victimhood Finally, victimhood is used by manipulators to try and milk people for their pity and compassion.

受害者身份 最後，受害者身份被操縱者用來榨取人們的同情和憐憫。

This can be especially effective if they make it seem as though you are the only person who can help them.

如果他們讓人覺得你是唯一能幫助他們的人，這樣做就會特別有效。

How do we do?

我們做得怎麼樣？

Are there any manipulation tactics we didn't talk about?

還有什麼我們沒說到的操縱策略嗎？

Let us know in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們。

The best way to defend yourself against manipulation is to be firm when you disagree with someone.

抵禦操縱的最佳方法是在與他人意見相左時保持堅定。

Back away from someone if you feel like they are manipulated and get someone else's opinion if you aren't sure if you are being manipulated.

如果你覺得對方在操縱你，就退避三舍；如果你不確定自己是否被操縱，就徵求別人的意見。

Remember to leave a like on the video if you enjoyed it and subscribe to Psych2Go for more videos like this.

如果你喜歡這段視頻，記得在視頻上留下贊，並訂閱 Psych2Go 以獲取更多類似視頻。