Hurricane Alert!

颶風警報

The National Weather Service has announced a hurricane!

國家氣象局已宣佈颶風來襲！

Hey kids, if you heard this emergency report on TV or the radio, would you be concerned?

嘿，孩子們，如果你們從電視或廣播中聽到這個緊急報告，你們會擔心嗎？

Would you be alarmed?

你會感到震驚嗎？

What would you do?

你會怎麼做？

Would you know what to do?

你知道該怎麼做嗎？

Today we're talking about the severe weather phenomenon.

今天我們要討論的是惡劣天氣現象。

You know, a giant swirling storm accompanied by severe thunderstorms with sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

你知道，巨大的漩渦風暴伴隨著強雷暴，持續風速至少達到每小時 74 英里。

The event we call a hurricane.

我們稱之為颶風的事件。

This kind of storm is known as a typhoon in the Northwest Pacific and called a cyclone in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans.

這種風暴在西北太平洋稱為颱風，在南太平洋和印度洋稱為氣旋。

These severe storms go by different names around the world.

這些強風暴在世界各地有不同的名稱。

Each one gets its own name.

每一個都有自己的名字。

Have you ever been in a hurricane?

你經歷過颶風嗎？

Have you ever experienced being in a heavy rainstorm with thunder and lightning?

你經歷過雷電交加的暴雨嗎？

Were you scared?

你害怕嗎？

It's okay to be scared in a storm.

在暴風雨中害怕是正常的。

Severe weather scares us all because it's so unpredictable.

惡劣天氣讓我們所有人都感到害怕，因為它是如此難以預測。

Let's learn about how hurricanes are formed.

讓我們來了解颶風是如何形成的。

A hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere generally boils up between the months of June and November.

北半球的颶風一般在 6 月至 11 月間肆虐。

As tropical seawater is heated by the sun, this warming air rises into the atmosphere forming rain clouds.

熱帶海水被太陽加熱後，升溫的空氣進入大氣層，形成雨雲。

While down below the warm air is replaced with cooler air which is warmed and rises.

而在下方，暖空氣被冷空氣取代，冷空氣被加熱後上升。

It's like a cycle and the cycle repeats over again as long as there is a supply of warm seawater.

這就像一個循環，只要有溫暖的海水供應，循環就會不斷重複。

As the clouds cool, rains fall and winds develop.

隨著雲層的冷卻，降雨和大風逐漸形成。

The earth as it rotates causes the storm to spin and if the resulting circulating winds reach 39 miles per hour, the storm becomes a tropical depression and the storm gets a name.

地球自轉會導致風暴旋轉，如果產生的環流風速達到每小時 39 英里，風暴就會變成熱帶低壓，風暴也就有了名字。

Tropical storms are tracked very closely by radar until they peter out and die.

雷達會對熱帶風暴進行密切跟蹤，直到它們逐漸消失。

But if they gain more energy from warm waters, they grow and grow and if the sustained wind speed reaches 74 miles per hour, BAM!

但是，如果它們從溫暖的海水中獲得更多能量，它們就會不斷生長，如果持續風速達到每小時 74 英里，"砰 "的一聲！

A hurricane is born.

一場颶風誕生了。

These massive storms can reach 50,000 feet high and spread out 125 miles in diameter.

這些巨大的風暴可高達 5 萬英尺，直徑達 125 英里。

A hurricane with a name may wander aimlessly out at sea.

有名字的颶風可能會在海上漫無目的地遊蕩。

In the Northern Hemisphere, they rotate counterclockwise.

在北半球，它們逆時針旋轉。

In the Southern Hemisphere, they rotate clockwise.

在南半球，它們順時針旋轉。

Look at the center of the hurricane in this satellite imagery.

請看衛星影像中的颶風中心。

Can you see the eye of the hurricane?

你能看到颶風的眼睛嗎？

The eye of the hurricane is calm and peaceful and the skies are clear.

颶風眼平靜祥和，天空晴朗。

In the eye, you might think the storm is over.

在眼中，你可能會認為風暴已經結束。

Oh, but it's not over.

哦，但還沒完。

It's about to get worse.

情況會變得更糟。

The eye wall is where the winds are the fastest and the strongest.

風眼牆是風速最快、強度最大的地方。

We may know a lot about hurricanes, but we still don't know enough.

我們對颶風的瞭解可能很多，但仍然不夠。

It takes the courageous men and women of NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to help us learn more.

美國國家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）的勇敢的男男女女們幫助我們瞭解了更多。

Flying aboard the two powerful Lockheed P-3 Orion airplanes, also known as Kermit and Miss Piggy, these brave scientists called hurricane hunters fly into the hurricane.

這些勇敢的科學家被稱為颶風獵手，他們駕駛著兩架強大的洛克希德 P-3 獵戶座飛機（又稱柯密特和豬小姐），飛入颶風之中。

Yep, they fly in and out of the storm and even through the eye.

是的，它們在風暴中飛進飛出，甚至穿過風暴眼。

With special instruments, they collect data to help us learn more about hurricanes.

他們利用特殊儀器收集數據，幫助我們進一步瞭解颶風。

Wow, that's incredible.

哇，太不可思議了

Thanks, NOAA.

謝謝，海洋大氣局。

Hopefully, a hurricane dies at sea, but it may wander toward land.

希望颶風能在海上消亡，但它也有可能徘徊在陸地上。

Watches and warnings go out to entire regions and states, asking the people to prepare for the coming storm.

向整個地區和州發出警報和警告，要求人們為即將到來的風暴做好準備。

They may have to leave their homes.

他們可能不得不背井離鄉。

A list of names has been established, and they are used on a six-year rotation.

已經建立了一份名單，每六年輪換一次。

It's important to name these violent storms to avoid confusion.

為避免混淆，給這些猛烈的風暴命名非常重要。

That way, they can be followed.

這樣，就可以對它們進行跟蹤。

Boys' names and girls' names are used alternately in alphabetical order.

男孩和女孩的名字按字母順序交替使用。

And if a hurricane has been especially destructive and loss of force, Hurricane Warning is used to grade the intensity of a hurricane.

如果颶風的破壞力和威力特別大，颶風警報就會被用來對颶風的強度進行分級。

Let's look at the categories.

讓我們來看看這些類別。

Category 1.

類別 1.

Winds are clocked between 74 and 95 mph and may result in some damage.

風速在 74 到 95 英里/小時之間，可能會造成一些破壞。

A Category 2 storm has winds at 96 to 110 mph, and the damage can be expected to be extensive.

2 級風暴的風速為 96 至 110 英里/小時，預計將造成大面積破壞。

Category 3 hurricanes are extremely dangerous, and with winds measured from 111 to 129 mph, the damage will be devastating.

3 級颶風極其危險，風速可達 111 至 129 英里/小時，將造成毀滅性破壞。

You can expect extreme damage from a Category 4 hurricane, with winds reaching 156 mph.

四級颶風的破壞力極大，風速可達 156 英里/小時。

And with a Category 5 hurricane, the damage is catastrophic, with winds exceeding 157 mph.

5 級颶風造成的破壞是災難性的，風速超過 157 英里/小時。

On September 20, 2017, a Category 5 hurricane struck the island of Puerto Rico.

2017 年 9 月 20 日，一場 5 級颶風襲擊了波多黎各島。

The damage and loss of life has been devastating.

所造成的破壞和生命損失是毀滅性的。

All 3.4 million residents were plunged into a deep crisis.

所有 340 萬居民都陷入了深深的危機之中。

This hurricane was named Maria, and it affected many of the islands of the Caribbean.

這場颶風被命名為 "瑪麗亞"，影響了加勒比海的許多島嶼。

It will take years for them to recover.

他們需要數年時間才能恢復。

Destruction is not only caused from high winds of a hurricane, but also from the tremendous amount of water that comes with it, bringing massive and widespread flooding.

破壞不僅來自颶風的強風，還來自隨之而來的巨大水量，帶來大規模、大範圍的洪水。

The most important thing to do when a hurricane is approaching is to evacuate.

颶風來臨時，最重要的事情就是撤離。

Often, local governments have emergency areas to evacuate to and provide shelter until the storm passes.

通常情況下，地方政府會設立緊急撤離區，並提供避難所，直到風暴過去。

In the year 1900, the unnamed hurricane that struck Galveston, Texas was the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people.

1900 年，襲擊得克薩斯州加爾維斯頓的無名颶風是美國曆史上死亡人數最多的自然災害，造成 6000 到 12000 人死亡。

Other hurricanes of recent years, which have also left a path of widespread destruction, are Andrew of 1992, which pummeled South Florida and Louisiana.

近年來同樣造成大面積破壞的颶風還有 1992 年的安德魯颶風，該颶風襲擊了南佛羅里達州和路易斯安那州。

In 2005, Hurricanes Wilma, Rita, and Katrina bowled through the Atlantic Basin, and with a 1-2-3 punch, showed little mercy.

2005 年，颶風 "威爾瑪"、"麗塔 "和 "卡特里娜 "橫掃大西洋盆地，以 1-2-3 的組合拳，毫不留情。

And in October of 2018, Hurricane Michael, the first Category 5 hurricane since it hit the island of Andrew, smashed into the Florida Panhandle.

而在 2018 年 10 月，颶風邁克爾（Hurricane Michael）襲擊了佛羅里達潘漢德爾（Florida Panhandle），這是自颶風襲擊安德魯島（Andrew Island）以來的首個 5 級颶風。

This storm also affected Central America, parts of Mexico and Cuba, and there were billions and billions of dollars in losses to homes and businesses and to roads and bridges.

這場風暴還影響了中美洲、墨西哥部分地區和古巴，給房屋和企業以及道路和橋樑造成了數十億美元的損失。

Hurricane Michael was devastating.

邁克爾颶風是一場毀滅性的颶風。

Although a hurricane begins to lose energy as it makes landfall, the size and strength of even a weakening storm is still enough to cause a lot of grief.

雖然颶風在登陸時會開始減弱能量，但即使是減弱的風暴，其規模和強度仍然足以造成巨大的損失。

Severe tornadoes are also a by-product of weakening hurricanes.

嚴重的龍捲風也是颶風減弱的副產品。

What would you do if you heard the hurricane warning go out?

如果聽到颶風警報響起，您會怎麼做？

Would you be prepared?

你準備好了嗎？

And would you be willing to help the countless people and their pets harshly affected by these unforgiving spectacles of nature?

您願意幫助無數受到這些無情的自然景象嚴重影響的人們及其寵物嗎？

If you should ever be in the path of a hurricane, don't panic.

如果您身處颶風路徑中，請不要驚慌。

Follow the instructions of your local emergency response team and be safe.

聽從當地應急小組的訓示，注意安全。

Be prepared.

做好準備。

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感謝您關注 Clarendon Learning。

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請務必訂閱。

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如果您正在尋找更多教學資源，請訪問 clarendonlearning.org。