Name: 2016 年最受歡迎的新物種，以及棲息機器人！ (Top New Species for 2016, and a Perching Robot!)
Uploaded: 2024-07-22T13:52:19.000Z
Duration: 4 min 10 s

情態助動詞 B1

If you received 18,000 new presents over the course of a year, and had to pick out your top ten, you might have a hard time.

如果你在一年中收到 18,000 件新禮物，要選出前十名，你可能會很為難。

But 18,000 is also the average number of brand new species identified every year.

但是，18,000 個物種也是每年鑑定出的全新物種的平均數量。

And each May, the International Institute for Species Exploration picks out ten of the coolest new species to celebrate the birthday of taxonomist Carl Linnaeus on May 23rd.

每年 5 月，國際物種探索研究所都會選出 10 個最酷的新物種，以慶祝 5 月 23 日分類學家卡爾-林奈的生日。

Some of the newbies were found in remote locations, while others were hiding in plain sight.

一些新手是在偏遠地區被發現的，而另一些則隱藏在眾目睽睽之下。

And one owes its place on the list to Facebook.

其中，Facebook 是榜上有名的原因之一。

Sundews are better known for catching flies with sticky spines than for their social media savviness, but this one might count as an exception.

比起在社交媒體上的精明強幹，太陽花更以用粘刺捕捉蒼蠅而聞名，但這次可能是個例外。

It's the first plant species to be formally recognized as a new species thanks to social media, and it's a biggie.

這是第一個通過社交媒體被正式認定為新物種的植物物種，而且是一個大物種。

At over a meter tall, the sundew can catch bugs as big as dragonflies.

日光溫室有一米多高，可以捕捉到像蜻蜓一樣大的蟲子。

An amateur researcher came across the massive sundews while exploring a mountain summit in Brazil.

一位業餘研究人員在巴西的一座山頂探險時，發現了這種巨大的太陽花。

And he did what anyone else would do if they stumbled across some huge meat-eating plants He snapped some pictures and stuck them on Facebook.

他做了其他人在偶然發現一些巨大的食肉植物時會做的事，拍了幾張照片併發到了 Facebook 上。

The pictures got shared around and led to some excited conversations among botanists, and eventually, it was identified as a new species.

這些照片被四處傳播，引起了植物學家們的熱烈討論，最終，它被確定為一個新物種。

This one peak is the only known place where this sundew grows, so it's already critically endangered.

這座山峰是目前已知的這種日光浴植物生長的唯一地方，是以它已經瀕臨滅絕。

Maybe you have a brand new species hidden in your vacation photos.

也許你的度假照片中隱藏著一個全新的物種。

Brazil also hosts a whole new kind of isopod, which is the group of crustaceans that also include wood lice and horrible things that take over fish tongues.

巴西還生活著一種全新的等足類動物，這是一類甲殼動物，其中還包括木蝨和佔據魚舌頭的可怕東西。

This new one lives a more peaceful lifestyle in caves, or rather, cave, as it's only been found in one so far.

這種新的動物在洞穴中，或者說在洞穴裡生活得更加平靜，因為迄今為止只在一個洞穴中發現過它。

They're quite the little construction workers, too, all because they don't like getting changed in public.

他們也是小建築工人，這都是因為他們不喜歡在公共場合換衣服。

Like other crustaceans, isopods periodically shed their skin as they grow.

與其他甲殼類動物一樣，等腳類動物在生長過程中會定期脫皮。

It's a vulnerable time for them, because their squidgy new exoskeleton makes it easier for predators to eat them.

對它們來說，這是一個脆弱的時期，因為它們烏賊般的新外骨骼讓捕食者更容易吃掉它們。

So this new species builds itself private changing rooms from mud, little cubbyholes where they can molt safe from predatory eyes.

是以，這個新物種用泥巴為自己建造了私人更衣室，在這些小房間裡，它們可以安全地蛻皮，躲避捕食者的眼睛。

Not all the species on this list keep themselves so well-hidden.

並非名單上的所有物種都隱藏得這麼好。

Some areas, even well-populated ones, are home to some stunning gems never before recorded.

有些地區，即使是人口稠密的地區，也有一些從未被記錄在案的令人驚歎的珍寶。

This colorful critter from Gabon was one of 60 new African dragonflies and damselflies, described in just one research paper.

這隻來自加蓬的色彩斑斕的小動物是僅在一篇研究論文中描述的 60 種新的非洲蜻蜓和豆娘中的一種。

The human-like Homo naledi, which we've talked about before, also made the list, as did a very non-photogenic deep-sea terror we'll talk more about in a future episode, so stay tuned for that.

我們之前討論過的類似人類的納勒迪人（Homo naledi）也榜上有名，還有一種非常不上鏡的深海恐怖生物，我們將在今後的節目中詳細討論，敬請期待。

While biologists are finding all kinds of new life, roboticists are creating machines that mimic life.

在生物學家發現各種新生命的同時，機器人學家也在創造模仿生命的機器。

Like this new coin-sized robot called a micro-aerial vehicle, which uses static electricity to perch on walls and ceilings like a fly.

比如這種硬幣大小的新型機器人，它被稱為微型飛行器，可以利用靜電像蒼蠅一樣棲息在牆壁和天花板上。

Last week, a research team based out of Harvard announced the new robot in the journal Science.

上週，哈佛大學的一個研究小組在《科學》雜誌上公佈了這款新型機器人。

Eventually, it could be used for search and rescue, communication or surveillance missions in hard-to-reach places, or just as a cool little drone to get sweet pics of you snowboarding.

最終，它可以用於在難以到達的地方執行搜救、通信或監視任務，或者只是作為一個很酷的小型無人機，為你拍攝滑雪板上的甜蜜照片。

But flying and hovering is really hard work.

Even if you've got a little body, it takes up a lot of energy.

即使你的身體很小，也會消耗很多能量。

Animals like bees and hummingbirds get around this problem by sipping sugary nectar all day, just to keep their wings beating.

蜜蜂和蜂鳥等動物為了解決這個問題，整天吮吸含糖花蜜，以保持翅膀的跳動。

But nectar's not on the menu for little robots, so their battery life is limited.

但花蜜不在小機器人的菜單上，所以它們的電池壽命有限。

是以，如果可以的話，休息一下也是有好處的。

A resting robot's battery could last longer, and the robot could keep itself safe if it needed emergency retrieval.

靜止機器人的電池可以持續更長時間，如果需要緊急回收，機器人可以保證自身安全。

Different bot-sticking techniques have been tried before, like little hooks and glues.

以前也嘗試過不同的機器人粘合技術，比如小鉤子和膠水。

But this new method has no moving parts, and is easily reversible when it's time to take off again.

但這種新方法沒有活動部件，而且在再次起飛時很容易逆轉。

It's electro-adhesive, meaning that the robot uses static electricity to hold itself in place, like how a balloon you've rubbed on your hair sticks to the wall.

它是電粘合的，也就是說，機器人利用靜電來固定自己的位置，就像你把氣球擦在頭髮上粘在牆上一樣。

The contact surface is a wide rim that contains copper electrodes and a polymer coating.

接觸面是一個寬邊，包含銅電極和聚合物塗層。

When a current is passed through the electrodes, they generate patches of electrostatic charge.

當電流通過電極時，電極會產生靜電荷。

If the bot then comes into land, it induces the opposite charge in the adjacent surface, and the two stick together.

如果機器人著陸，就會在相鄰表面產生相反的電荷，兩者就會粘在一起。

A piece of foam underneath keeps things flexible, and acts as a shock absorber.

下面有一塊泡沫塑料，可以保持靈活性，並起到減震的作用。

Now, the robot will only stay attached as long as there's current flowing, so perching will be some drain on the batteries.

現在，只要有電流流過，機器人就會一直連接在一起，是以棲息會消耗一些電池。

But the researchers estimate it uses a thousand times less power compared to staying airborne.

但研究人員估計，與停留在空中相比，它的耗電量要少一千倍。

The robot's range is currently limited by the electrical cables that keep it tethered to a power supply, but the next step is to create a wireless, fully battery-powered version that could be buzzing around the skies in just a few years.

目前，這種機器人的活動範圍受到電纜的限制，因為電纜將其與電源拴在一起，但下一步是製造一種無線、完全由電池供電的機器人，這種機器人在幾年內就能在天空中嗡嗡作響。

Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow News, brought to you by our patrons on Patreon.

感謝您收看本期《科學秀新聞》，本期節目由我們的 Patreon 贊助人為您帶來。

If you want to help support the show, just go to patreon.com slash scishow.

如果你想支持這個節目，請訪問 patreon.com slash scishow。

 And don't forget to go to youtube.com slash scishow and subscribe!

別忘了去 youtube.com slash scishow 訂閱！

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2016 年最受歡迎的新物種，以及棲息機器人！ (Top New Species for 2016, and a Perching Robot!)

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