Name: 皮克斯的《可可》：死亡哲學 - 快言快語 (Pixar's Coco: Philosophy of Death – Wisecrack Quick Take)
Uploaded: 2024-07-16T02:50:58.000Z
Duration: 8 min 34 s

We saw Coco last week, everyone cried, and then once we got past that god-awful Frozen short film, they were all good tears.

上週我們看了《可可》，每個人都哭了，等我們看完那部令人作嘔的冰凍短片後，眼淚都流出來了。

情態副詞

Coco is a film filled with color, both literally and in its authentically rich portrayal of Mexican culture.

可可》是一部充滿色彩的電影，無論是從字面上看，還是從它真實而豐富地描繪出的墨西哥文化。 

But aside from the heartstring-tugging moments and gorgeous animation, it also presents a really interesting perspective on death that we don't often see in cinema.

不過，除了扣人心絃的片段和華麗的動畫之外，它還展現了一種非常有趣的死亡視角，而這種視角在電影中並不多見。

Welcome to this quick take on Coco, and prepare for major spoilers.

歡迎收看本期《可可》快報，請做好劇透準備。

Also warning, I'm going to butcher all the Mexican names.

另外提醒大家，我會把所有墨西哥人的名字都寫出來。

Set in Mexico, young Miguel Rivera loves music and wants to play guitar like his hero Ernesto de la Cruz.

故事發生在墨西哥，年輕的米格爾-里維拉熱愛音樂，希望像他的偶像埃內斯托-德拉克魯茲一樣彈吉他。

But music is banned in the Rivera family since his great-great-grandpa left his family to pursue a career in music.

但是，里維拉家族禁止音樂，因為他的曾曾祖父離家出走從事音樂事業。

After Miguel steals de la Cruz's guitar on Dia de los Muertos, he's transported to the realm of the dead.

米格爾在 "穆埃託斯節 "偷了德拉克魯茲的吉他後，被帶到了亡靈世界。

Believing de la Cruz is his great-great-grandfather, Miguel ventures to find him in hopes of receiving his blessing to return to the living world.

米格爾認為德拉克魯茲是自己的曾祖父，於是冒險去找他，希望能得到他的祝福，回到鮮活的世界。

Getting to this mega-celeb is a hell of a challenge, but luckily his new pal Hector agrees to help him in exchange for putting up Hector's photo on his family's ofrenda,

但幸運的是，他的新朋友赫克託同意幫助他，作為交換，他把赫克託的照片貼在了他家的神龕上，神龕上掛滿了逝去祖先的照片，這樣他就不會被遺忘，還能去活人之地看望他的女兒。

a shrine with pictures of departed ancestors so he's not forgotten and is able to visit the land of the living to see his daughter.

Stuff happens, and it turns out that Miguel's great-great-grandfather is not Ernesto, but Hector, whose beloved daughter is Miguel's great-grandmother Coco.

事情發生了，原來米格爾的曾曾祖父不是埃內斯托，而赫克託的愛女是米格爾的曾祖母可可。 

De la Cruz murdered Hector, stole his songs, his guitar, and ultimately his chance to be remembered by his family.

德拉克魯茲謀殺了赫克託，偷走了他的歌曲、吉他，最終也偷走了他被家人銘記的機會。

Miguel returns to the land of the living, sparks Coco's memory of her father by singing, puts Hector's picture on the ofrenda, and they all live… or die happily ever after.

米格爾重返人間，用歌聲喚起了可可對父親的記憶，把赫克託的照片貼在了聖壇上，從此他們都幸福地生活著......或死去。

As evidenced by the number of hipster sugar skull tattoos I see in Los Angeles, many Americans are fascinated by Dia de los Muertos, and Coco isn't the first animated film that makes use of that setting.

從我在洛杉磯看到的潮人骷髏紋身數量就可以看出，許多美國人對亡靈節非常著迷，而《可可西里》並不是第一部利用這一背景的動畫電影。

In 2014, 20th Century Fox put out a movie called The Book of Life, which also features a boy who eschews family tradition to pursue music, is transported to the land of the dead on Dia de los Muertos, and requires the help of his ancestors to return to the world of living.

2014 年，20 世紀福克斯公司推出了一部名為《生命之書》的電影，影片同樣講述了一個男孩為了追求音樂而放棄了家族傳統，在穆埃託斯節（Dia de los Muertos）被傳送到了亡靈之地，需要祖先的幫助才能回到生者的世界。

Even though these films feature similar plots, they couldn't be more different in their portrayal of death.

儘管這兩部電影的情節相似，但它們對死亡的描述卻大相徑庭。

In The Book of Life, Manolo's dead ancestors basically exist only to assist in his journey and give the producers an excuse to cast Ice Cube.

在《生命之書》中，馬諾洛死去的祖先基本上只是為了幫助他完成旅程，並讓製片人有藉口讓冰塊出演。

If you're remembered by your family, you get to party, and if you're forgotten, you're a sad sack of s**t.

如果你被家人記住了，你就能參加派對，如果你被遺忘了，你就是個可憐蟲。

Coco elevates this concept by introducing a second kind of death beyond the biological — the symbolic death of being forgotten.

可可》提升了這一概念，在生物死亡之外引入了第二種死亡--被遺忘的象徵性死亡。

Once there's no one alive who remembers you, you disappear from the land of the dead, passing away a second time.

一旦沒有活著的人記得你，你就會從死亡之地消失，第二次離開人世。

That second death is brought on solely through relationships to others.

第二次死亡完全是通過與他人的關係帶來的。

In Coco, it's people's memories that mark the difference between life and death.

在《可可》中，人們的記憶決定了生死。

An interesting way to think about this is through the lens of philosopher Jean Baudrillard, who talks about death as a kind of social relation.

哲學家讓-鮑德里亞（Jean Baudrillard）認為，死亡是一種社會關係。

The Western cultural understanding of death has been filtered through science to the point where we now think of death as a primarily biological phenomenon.

西方文化對死亡的理解經過科學的過濾，我們現在認為死亡主要是一種生物現象。

Once your heart stops and your fingers start rotting, you're dead.

一旦心臟停止跳動，手指開始腐爛，你就死了。

Baudrillard compares this to certain non-Western cultures in which death has a symbolic relation of exchange with the living.

鮑德里亞將此與某些非西方文化進行了比較，在這些文化中，死亡與活著的人有著象徵性的交換關係。

In these cultures, not only is death something both given and received by the living, but the dead can give and receive as well.

在這些文化中，不僅生者可以給予和接受死亡，死者也可以給予和接受死亡。

Coco explores this system of mutual exchange between the living and the dead.

可可探索了這種活人與死人之間相互交流的系統。

Miguel needs the help of his relatives to return to the land of the living, but they need his help as well.

米格爾需要親人的幫助才能重返人間，但他們也需要他的幫助。

Hector makes a deal with Miguel to bring his photo to the ofrenda in exchange for his assistance in getting home.

赫克託與米格爾做了個交易，讓他把自己的照片帶到聖堂，以換取米格爾幫助他回家。

And on Dia de los Muertos, the other living characters interact with their ancestors despite not being able to see them.

而在 "死亡之日"（Dia de los Muertos）這一天，其他活著的角色儘管無法看到他們的祖先，但還是會與他們互動。

They eat at the gravesides, bring offerings, and authentically honor those who have passed.

他們在墓前用餐，帶著祭品，真實地緬懷逝者。

It's only the exchange that occurs on Dia de los Muertos that prevents the dead from experiencing the second, honestly way more terrifying death, that happens when you're no longer remembered.

只有在 "戀人節 "這一天進行的交換，才能阻止逝者經歷第二次死亡，老實說，當你不再被人記得時，死亡會發生得更可怕。

Baudrillard says that in most Western societies, that kind of two-way exchange between the living and the dead doesn't exist.

鮑德里亞說，在大多數西方社會中，活人和死人之間的這種雙向交流並不存在。

The dead aren't a group that the living interact with, and the more a society is obsessed with rationality, the less of a role dead people play.

逝者並不是一個能與生者互動的群體，一個社會越是執著於理性，逝者的作用就越小。

Among the dead people we do remember, we put them on money and on posters and learn about them in history class, but we don't think of it in terms of a relationship.

在我們確實記得的逝者中，我們把他們印在錢上和海報上，在歷史課上學習他們的事蹟，但我們不會從關係的角度去考慮。

We don't expect anything from the dead, and we don't offer them anything either.

我們不期望從死者身上得到任何東西，也不向他們提供任何東西。

Even the idea of this sounds pretty wild, but this removal of the dead from our social interactions changes the shape of a culture.

即使這個想法聽起來很瘋狂，但這種將死者從我們的社會交往中移除的做法卻改變了一種文化的形態。

Eventually, Baudrillard says, when the dead don't interact with the living, they become obliterated.

鮑德里亞說，當死者不與生者互動時，他們最終會被湮沒。

We see this obliteration in Coco, when individuals stop existing once they no longer have living relatives to participate in that exchange of remembrance and celebration and care.

我們在《可可》中看到了這種湮滅，當個人不再有活著的親人参與到紀念、慶祝和關懷的交流中時，他們就不復存在了。

Chicharron, the only person we witness experiencing that second death, doesn't leave a body behind, the way he certainly did in his biological death.

奇卡隆是我們目睹的唯一一個經歷第二次死亡的人，他沒有留下屍體，當然，他在生理死亡時也是如此。

His skeleton fades, and all that's left of him is a guitar and a bunch of junk in a hammock.

他的骨架逐漸消失，只剩下一把吉他和吊床上的一堆垃圾。

But while memory might be enough to save the dead from permanent extinction, they suffer when they aren't able to return to the living and interact with their family.

不過，雖然記憶可能足以讓死者免於永久滅絕，但如果他們無法回到活人身邊，無法與家人互動，他們就會很痛苦。

I just had a really hard dia de muertos and I could really use an amigo right now.

我剛剛度過了一個非常難熬的亡靈節，我現在真的需要一個朋友。

Memory matters, but the living have to be willing to give something more than that.

記憶很重要，但活著的人必須願意付出更多。

For Baudrillard, this give and take between life and death would mean that dying and being born are not necessarily opposites.

在鮑德里亞看來，這種生與死之間的取捨意味著死亡與出生並不一定是對立的。

They're part of this big system of exchange as well, and death can be traded for life via social interactions.

它們也是這個大交換系統的一部分，死亡可以通過社會交往換取生命。

Although he's not talking about Coco, although we wish he was, Hector's shift from being forgotten to being celebrated among his descendants is, in a sense, a kind of rebirth.

雖然他說的不是可可，雖然我們希望他說的是可可，但赫克託從被遺忘到在後人中被讚頌，從某種意義上說，是一種重生。

Although he hasn't quite crumbled into dust yet, he's at risk of being obliterated the moment Coco forgets him,

雖然他還沒有完全化為灰燼，但在可可忘記他的那一刻，他就面臨著被抹去的危險，而可可記憶中的火花讓他起死回生，儘管從生物學角度來說，他仍然死氣沉沉。

and the spark of her memory brings him back to life, even though biologically he's still dead as a doornail.

When Coco herself eventually dies, she's reunited with her parents in the land of the dead.

當可可自己最終死去時，她與父母在死亡之地團聚。

Even though she looks about twice their age combined, with them, she makes her journey back to the land of the living for their yearly visit.

儘管她的年齡加起來大約是他們的兩倍，但她還是和他們一起踏上了返回生者之地的旅程，進行一年一度的探訪。

The fruitful exchange of dia de muertos still involves Coco, but now from the other side of the ofrenda.

可可依然參與了 "亡靈之日 "的富有成效的交流，但現在是在神龕的另一側。

There's a reason that people cry when Miguel sings Remember Me at the end of the film.

當米格爾在影片結尾唱起《Remember Me》時，人們會哭，這是有原因的。

It's a moment of connection between Coco and her long-gone father, but it's also a command to all of us not to forget the dead.

這是可可和她逝去已久的父親之間建立聯繫的時刻，同時也是對我們所有人發出的不要忘記逝者的命令。

The performance of the song brings symbolic life back to Hector, but the words of the song itself celebrate the importance of life beyond death.

這首歌的演唱為赫克託帶回了象徵性的生命，而歌詞本身則歌頌了超越死亡的生命的重要性。

For a kids movie, that's pretty damn profound.

對於一部兒童電影來說，這實在是太深刻了。

Although, coming from Pixar, we wouldn't expect anything less.

雖然來自皮克斯，但我們對它的期望不會低。

Coco gives us all the good stuff, sweeping musical scores and shots so colorful it's like shooting up a box of Crayolas.

可可》為我們帶來了所有的精彩內容，如恢弘的配樂和絢麗多彩的鏡頭，就像打爆了一盒蠟筆小新。

But it also makes us think, is true death when your heart stops beating, or when there's nothing left of you in people's memories?

但它也讓我們思考。真正的死亡是當你的心臟停止跳動，還是當你在人們的記憶中蕩然無存？ 

Is the mark you leave on the world really its own kind of immortality?

你在這個世界上留下的印記真的是不朽嗎？

希望你們和我們一樣喜歡可可。

和平。和平。 和平。 和平。 和平。 和平。 和平。 和平。 