Name: 企業如何理財 | 現金流詳解 (How businesses manage money | Cashflow explained)
Uploaded: 2024-07-16T01:37:51.000Z
Duration: 12 min 5 s

Have you ever wondered why some companies succeed while others do not?

你有沒有想過，為什麼有些公司成功了，而有些公司卻沒有？

A study has shown that only 20% of startup companies survive the first five years in business.

一項研究表明，只有 20% 的初創公司能在開業後的頭五年存活下來。

祈使句型

Company A and Company B are both phone manufacturers.

A 公司和 B 公司都是手機制造商。

The two companies started operation the same year.

Also, both companies made an annual turnover of $10 million in their first year of business.

此外，兩家公司在開業第一年的年營業額都達到了 1000 萬美元。

Five years down the line, Company A goes bankrupt and goes out of existence, while Company B has grown to generate an annual turnover running into hundreds of millions of dollars.

五年後，A 公司破產倒閉，而 B 公司的年營業額已達數億美元。

What made the difference between these two companies?

是什麼造就了這兩家公司的不同？

You will find the answer in the cash flow statement of both companies.

您可以在兩家公司的現金流量表中找到答案。

In simple terms, cash flow refers to the movement of cash in or out of a business or an establishment.

簡單地說，現金流是指現金在企業或機構中的進出。

It is the total money that comes into a business and the total money that goes out of a business.

它是流入企業的資金總額和流出企業的資金總額。

When we talk about money here, it does not imply cash only.

這裡所說的 "錢 "並不是指現金。

For instance, things like office buildings, machinery, warehouses, plants, trucks, etc. that come into a company are not cash, but they are cash equivalent.

例如，進入公司的辦公樓、機器、倉庫、工廠、卡車等都不是現金，但它們是現金等價物。

At the basic level, if a company can generate profit for the shareholders and has built a structure that guarantees positive returns for many years ahead, it means that the company's cash flow is in a healthy state.

從根本上說，如果一家公司能為股東創造利潤，並建立了一個能保證未來多年正收益的結構，這就意味著公司的現金流處於健康狀態。

On the other hand, if the company is struggling to pay out dividends to its shareholders and is accumulating more debt than profits, it means that the company's cash flow is in an unhealthy state.

另一方面，如果公司難以向股東派發股息，積累的債務多於利潤，就意味著公司的現金流處於不健康狀態。

Let's pretend you own a company that manufactures furniture.

假設你擁有一家生產傢俱的公司。

You make money from the sale of furniture.

You need the cash flow to pay your workers, your suppliers, and yourself.

您需要現金流來支付工人、供應商和您自己的工資。

From the money you make, you pay for your house, your car, and other personal expenses.

你用賺來的錢支付房子、汽車和其他個人開銷。

As long as the cash that comes to you is enough to take care of these obligations, then your cash flow is in a healthy state.

只要您獲得的現金足以支付這些債務，那麼您的現金流就是健康的。

We can break down cash flow into two types.

我們可以將現金流分為兩種類型。

Positive Cash Flow When a company has a positive cash flow, it shows that the company is adding to its cash reserves.

正現金流 當公司出現正現金流時，表明公司的現金儲備正在增加。

That is to say, this company is making more money than it is spending.

也就是說，這家公司賺的錢比花的錢多。

This kind of result could allow the company to reinvest in the company, pay out money to the shareholders, and also be able to handle payments of debt in the future.

這樣的結果可以讓公司對公司進行再投資，向股東支付資金，也能夠在未來處理債務的償還。

Let's say a company's total revenue for the year is $100 million, but its total spending is $60 million.

假設一家公司全年的總收入為 1 億美元，但總支出為 6000 萬美元。

That means this company has $40 million in excess.

這意味著這家公司有 4000 萬美元的超額資金。

It is from this $40 million that money will be paid out to the shareholders in the form of dividends.

這 4000 萬美元將以股息的形式支付給股東。

A part of the profit could also go into acquiring equipment and other forms of investments that could sustain the long-term growth and earnings of the company.

部分利潤還可用於購置設備和其他形式的投資，以維持公司的長期增長和收益。

Negative Cash Flow When a company is spending more money than it is generating, then this company is running on a negative cash flow.

負現金流 當一家公司的支出大於收入時，這家公司就處於負現金流狀態。

One company could be generating more money than another company in the same business, but still be on a negative cash flow, while the other company is on a positive cash flow.

在相同的業務中，一家公司可能比另一家公司產生更多的資金，但仍然是負現金流，而另一家公司則是正現金流。

If Diamond Brand has generated $200 million in revenue or inflow of cash for the year, but its total spending or outflow of cash is $220 million, then it has accumulated $20 million in losses.

如果鑽石品牌當年的收入或現金流入量為 2 億美元，但總支出或現金流出量為 2.2 億美元，那麼它的累計虧損額為 2 000 萬美元。

In this case, the company is on a negative cash flow.

在這種情況下，公司的現金流為負數。

Let's introduce the other company that's in the same business as Diamond Brand.

讓我們來介紹一下與鑽石品牌從事相同業務的另一家公司。

第二家公司就叫綠寶石公司吧。

If Emerald had net revenue of $150 million, but its total spending is $100 million, that means this second company has made $50 million in positive cash flow.

如果 Emerald 公司的淨收入為 1.5 億美元，但其總支出為 1 億美元，這就意味著這第二家公司獲得了 5000 萬美元的正現金流。

In this scenario, even though Diamond Brand generated more sales and accumulated more revenue, Emerald is far ahead in profit and is more sustainable.

在這種情況下，儘管鑽石品牌創造了更多的銷售額，積累了更多的收入，但綠寶石的利潤卻遙遙領先，更具可持續性。

At this rate, Diamond Brand is most likely to pack up in a few years to come, while Emerald could be on its way to becoming the next big thing.

照這樣下去，鑽石品牌很可能在未來幾年內就會被淘汰出局，而綠寶石品牌則可能會成為下一個風口。

If you are getting value from this video so far, I'd like you to pause this video right now and hit the like button.

如果您目前已經從這段視頻中獲得了價值，我希望您現在暫停這段視頻，點擊 "贊 "按鈕。

That way you can be sure to get notified of other inspiring videos just like this one.

這樣，您就能收到其他類似的激勵人心的視頻通知。

The Cash Flow Statement The Cash Flow Statement, CFS, is a financial statement that places side by side the total money that comes into a company versus the cash that goes out of the company.

現金流量表 現金流量表（CFS）是將流入公司的資金總額與流出公司的現金並列的財務報表。

The money that comes in or goes out could be cash or cash equivalent.

進出的資金可以是現金或現金等價物。

The Cash Flow Statement assesses how a company handles its cash situation.

現金流量表評估公司如何處理其現金狀況。

It shows how the company generates money to meet its financial obligations.

它顯示了公司如何產生資金以履行其財務義務。

It is a mandatory part of a company's financial reports.

它是公司財務報告的必備部分。

Operational Cash Flow This includes all the money that comes from a company's major business engagements.

營運現金流 包括公司主要業務活動產生的所有資金。

Like in the example given earlier, you own a company that manufactures furniture.

就像前面舉的例子一樣，你擁有一家生產傢俱的公司。

All the cash that comes from the entire process of manufacturing and distribution of furniture falls under this category.

傢俱製造和銷售整個過程中產生的所有現金都屬於這一類。

This incoming cash is what pays salary to your workers, yourself, and takes care of other operational costs.

這些流入的現金用於支付員工和自己的工資，以及其他營運成本。

From the money your workers earn, they take care of their financial obligations while you handle your personal financial needs from the money you earn.

工人們用自己賺來的錢來承擔他們的財務責任，而你則用自己賺來的錢來滿足個人的財務需求。

Investment Cash Flow This refers to cash made or spent through investing activities made by a company.

投資現金流 指公司通過投資活動賺取或花費的現金。

This includes investments made by a company into other business establishments such as purchases of capital assets, such as plants or equipment.

這包括公司對其他商業機構的投資，如購買廠房或設備等資本資產。

This kind of investment is made majorly for expansion of the company.

這種投資主要是為了擴大公司規模。

Shareholders could earn more money in dividends, and the overall value of the company will go up.

股東可以獲得更多的分紅，公司的整體價值也會上升。

In your case, as an example, when you make this kind of investment in your furniture company, it could increase your net worth.

以你為例，當你對傢俱公司進行這種投資時，可以增加你的淨資產。

Financing Cash Flow This includes cash a company receives through other establishments, or paid out as debt repayment to other establishments.

融資現金流 包括公司通過其他機構獲得的現金，或作為債務償還支付給其他機構的現金。

All the money a company receives or spends when it issues bonds, sells stocks, or pays debts accruing from loans falls under financing cash flow.

公司發行債券、出售股票或償還貸款債務時收到或花費的所有資金都屬於融資現金流。

If a business comes short on cash and is unable to pay its obligations, it will experience a cash flow crunch.

如果企業現金短缺，無法償還債務，就會出現現金流緊張。

If the cash flow crunch stays for a long time, that business could run into bankruptcy.

如果現金流長期緊缺，企業就可能破產。

And this is not good for any establishment.

For this reason, it is advisable to set up a form of an emergency fund.

是以，最好設立一個應急基金。

It means that in good times, you keep aside some money that could help you manage future emergencies.

這意味著，在順境時，你可以留出一些錢，幫助你應對未來的緊急情況。

This is a good idea when it comes to managing cash either for yourself or for your business.

無論是為自己還是為企業管理現金，這都是一個好主意。

Free Cash Flow This is not part of the three major kinds of cash flows in formal terms, but it is highly valued by investors.

自由現金流 從形式上看，自由現金流不屬於三大現金流的一部分，但卻受到投資者的高度重視。

This is money that comes out when a company's capital spending is subtracted from the operational cash flow.

這是從營運現金流中減去公司資本支出後得出的資金。

It is called free cash flow because it is free from any commitment.

之所以稱為自由現金流，是因為它不需要任何承諾。

It is very important because it shows the money that a company has after spending cash on its obligations.

它非常重要，因為它顯示了公司在用現金支付債務後所擁有的資金。

It is a measure that is often used by business analysts to assess how profitable a company is.

業務分析師通常用它來評估公司的盈利能力。

Robert Kiyosaki Explains Cash Flow Robert Kiyosaki, the author of the best-selling book Rich Dad Poor Dad, explained cash flow in what he calls the cash flow quadrant.

羅伯特-清崎解釋現金流 暢銷書《富爸爸窮爸爸》的作者羅伯特-清崎用他所謂的現金流象限來解釋現金流。

According to Kiyosaki, there are four categories of people. 1.

Small Business Owners, Self-Employed or Specialists 3.

小企業主、自營職業者或專家 3.

Investors Robert said that growing up, he wanted to be rich.

投資者羅伯特說，他從小就想成為富人。

But his poor dad, who was his real dad, wanted him to be an employee and often told him, go to school, graduate with good grades, come out and get a good job.

但他可憐的父親，也就是他的親生父親，希望他成為一名員工，經常對他說，去上學吧，以優異的成績畢業，出來後找份好工作。

That falls under the first category, employees.

On the other hand, his mother wanted him to become a medical doctor.

另一方面，他的母親希望他成為一名醫生。

He said his mother, who was a registered nurse, told him, the richest people I know are medical doctors.

他說，他的母親是一名註冊護士，她告訴他，我認識的最富有的人都是醫生。

In other words, his mother wanted him to be a specialist.

換句話說，他的母親希望他成為一名專家。

This falls under the second category, specialists.

According to Robert, the person who made the greatest impact in his life was his rich dad.

羅伯特認為，對他一生影響最大的人是他富有的父親。

Robert's rich dad was not his real dad, but the father to his childhood friend.

羅伯特的富爸爸並不是他的親爸爸，而是他兒時朋友的爸爸。

Robert's rich dad wanted him to become a big business owner and then an investor.

羅伯特的富爸爸希望他成為大企業主，然後成為投資者。

He said to him, Robert, if you want to be rich, you have to build businesses and become an investor.

他對他說，羅伯特，如果你想致富，就必須建立企業，成為一名投資者。

In other words, the third and the fourth categories are where wealth is built.

換句話說，第三類和第四類是創造財富的地方。

A big business owner is someone that builds a business that has up to 500 people as employees.

大企業主是指建立一個擁有多達 500 名員工的企業的人。

An investor is someone who has transitioned from owning businesses to investing in other businesses.

投資者是指從擁有企業過渡到投資其他企業的人。

Investors do not have to be a part of the day-to-day affairs of the company they invested in, but they are making their money from those companies.

投資者不必參與所投資公司的日常事務，但他們的錢卻是從這些公司賺來的。

Examples of big business owners are Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Michael Dell, etc.

馬克-扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）、埃隆-馬斯克（Elon Musk）、比爾-蓋茨（Bill Gates）、邁克爾-戴爾（Michael Dell）等都是大企業主。

People in this category pay the lowest form of taxes legally and therefore have a cash flow that is not unhindered.

這類人依法繳納的稅款最低，是以現金流並不暢通。

They also have a better opportunity to grow their money even more.

他們也有更好的機會讓自己的資金增長更多。

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企業如何理財 | 現金流詳解 (How businesses manage money | Cashflow explained)

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