Name: 專家解釋活動場所背後隱藏的人流工程 | WSJ Pro Perfected (Expert Explains the Hidden Crowd Engineering Behind Event Venues | WSJ Pro Perfected)
Uploaded: 2024-07-11T06:45:18.000Z
Duration: 6 min 49 s

Say you have tickets to a music festival like this.

假設您有這樣一個音樂節的門票。

情態助動詞 B1

The way you get inside may look different depending on the venue.

根據場地的不同，進入室內的方式也會有所不同。

程度副詞

Whether you're funneled through multiple lanes, or a single-lane Disney queue, nearly every square foot of a major event's layout has been engineered by people like this.

無論是多車道分流，還是迪斯尼的單車道排隊，大型活動的佈局幾乎每一平方英尺都是由這樣的人設計的。

If no one knows what we do, we do a good job.

如果沒有人知道我們是做什麼的，那我們就做得很好。

The shape of the line you wait in, to the pathways you follow to leave, all contribute to the same goal for any major venue.

從排隊等候的形狀到離開時的通道，所有這些都是為了實現任何大型場館的同一個目標。

保證人們的安全、快樂並賺錢。

Even if you have the most careful planning, things can still go wrong.

即使你做了最周密的計劃，事情還是會出錯。

In the worst case, losing control of a crowd could cost people's lives.

在最壞的情況下，失去對人群的控制可能會奪去人們的生命。

So we asked an expert how to move tens of thousands of people through a major event to maximize profit and avoid disaster.

是以，我們向專家請教了如何在大型活動中運送數以萬計的人員，以實現利潤最大化並避免災難。

Now every venue is different, but there are a few key stages to moving any crowd.

現在，每個場地的情況都不盡相同，但有幾個關鍵階段可以打動任何人群。

So we're looking at people from their front door right to their seat.

是以，我們從人們的前門一直看到他們的座位。

Planner's first goal is to slow the flow of people into an event by flattening what they call the arrivals curve.

規劃師的首要目標是通過拉平所謂的到達曲線來減緩活動的人流量。

Sports events typically look something like this.

People generally arrive earlier at more family-friendly events, and much later at American football games because people tailgate.

人們一般會在更適合家庭的活動中更早到達，而在美式橄欖球比賽中，人們會更晚到達，因為人們會尾隨而至。

The ideal scenario would be for everybody to arrive uniformly, but it never will.

最理想的情況是每個人都能統一到達，但這永遠不可能。

So the flatter we can get that curve, the better.

One way to flatten that curve is to encourage people to arrive early by setting up fan zones or other activities on site before the event.

平緩曲線的方法之一是在活動前在現場設置粉絲區或其他活動，鼓勵人們提前到達。

That means less crowding at the entrance and more opportunity for the venue to make money.

這意味著入口處的擁擠程度降低，場館賺錢的機會增多。

Once people do make their way to the gates, planners face their next big challenge, screening and getting everyone inside.

一旦人們來到大門口，規劃人員就會面臨下一個巨大挑戰，即篩選並讓每個人都進入大門。

At the base level, we're looking at keeping everyone safe and moving and not getting crushed or not getting hurt.

在最基本的層面上，我們要保證每個人的安全和行動，不被壓傷或受傷。

Keeping people moving keeps people relatively happy and avoids that frustration.

讓人們保持運動，可以讓人們保持相對愉悅的心情，避免挫敗感。

But if you're stuck in line without any indication of when you'll be out… That's when you get that crowd behavior of almost like a hive mind where that frustration will almost permeate and build.

但是，如果你被困在隊伍裡，卻不知道什麼時候才能出來......這時候，你就會產生一種人群行為，幾乎就像一個蜂巢，挫敗感幾乎會滲透和積累。

That feeling of progress can actually be engineered through the shape of the line.

這種進步的感覺實際上可以通過線條的形狀設計出來。

There's lots of different ways you can organize a queue.

有很多不同的方法可以組織隊列。

And here are just some examples of the way you can do it.

以下是您可以這樣做的一些例子。

You might see this disorganized queue when there are smaller, tighter spaces to squeeze into.

當需要擠入的空間較小、較窄時，您可能會看到這種無序的隊列。

It takes up a little space, but the disadvantages are that there's no equality of service, so those more aggressive people will push towards the front.

它佔用了一點空間，但缺點是服務不平等，所以那些更激進的人會擠到前面去。

If there's more space, you may see multiple lane queues.

如果空間較大，您可能會看到多條車道排隊。

It takes up a little bit more room, but it does mean that there's equality in terms of the front of the queue.

雖然會佔用更多空間，但這確實意味著在排在隊伍前列方面是平等的。

The disadvantage of this queue, again, is indecision at the start.

這種隊列的缺點同樣是開始時猶豫不決。

And you've also got the potential for people to try and hop into different queues.

而且，人們還有可能試圖跳進不同的隊列。

And then there's the S-shaped single queue, also known as the Disney queue.

然後是 S 型單人排隊，也被稱為迪斯尼排隊。

The single lane queue gives equality because everybody joins at the start and everybody finishes at the same point.

單通道隊列提供了平等性，因為每個人都在起點加入，也在終點結束。

One of the disadvantages here is that in a half-time scenario, for the first person to get served, it's a long walk.

這樣做的弊端之一是，在半場情況下，第一個得到服務的人要走很遠的路。

So you are losing time off the first server.

是以，你將失去第一個服務器的時間。

One way to solve for that is with the hybrid.

解決這個問題的方法之一就是混合動力。

It takes up more space, but gives you the best of single and multiple lanes.

它佔用更多空間，但卻能為您提供單通道和多通道的最佳體驗。

So you're giving everybody the same queuing system as they join and the equality of that queue, but then you're joining short queues so that each server has got somebody waiting as soon as they're ready.

是以，在每個人加入時，你都會為他們提供相同的排隊系統，而且隊列是平等的，但你會加入短隊列，這樣每個服務器在準備就緒後都會有人在等待。

Once you make it inside, Planner's next big challenge is maximizing efficiency and sales of food and drinks.

一旦進入室內，Planner 的下一個重大挑戰就是最大限度地提高效率和食品飲料的銷售。

Brett has the concession stand design down to a science.

佈雷特對特許經營攤位的設計頗有心得。

We want to have big signs and big, obvious ways of getting to that stand.

我們希望有醒目的標誌，有明顯的途徑到達展臺。

We want people to be attracted over, but in a straight line, not circulate.

我們希望人們被吸引過來，但是是直線吸引，而不是循環吸引。

Although you want to offer people choice, you don't want too many choices as it just creates hesitation and decision making.

雖然您希望為人們提供選擇，但也不希望有太多的選擇，因為這會讓人猶豫不決，難以抉擇。

So the more simple the menu or the simple the drink options, the better.

是以，菜單越簡單或飲料選項越簡單越好。

And that helps not just the people making decisions approaching the stand, but it also helps the servers.

這不僅能幫助在看臺上做決定的人，也能幫助服務員。

And that way you're maximizing the turnover.

這樣就能最大限度地提高營業額。

Say a venue is able to take the amount of time people wait at the counter from 60 seconds down to 30.

假設一個場所能將人們在櫃檯前等待的時間從 60 秒縮短到 30 秒。

They could effectively double their sales.

他們可以有效地將銷售額提高一倍。

That's why some stadiums have opted for bottoms up beer taps like this.

這也是為什麼一些體育場會選擇像這樣從下往上的啤酒龍頭。

They allow servers to serve more items in less time because they can do other tasks while the cups fill up.

它們可以讓服務員在更短的時間內提供更多的服務，因為他們可以在杯子裝滿的同時做其他工作。

Anything there that can shave 5, 10, 15 seconds off a transaction will increase that total revenue in that short space of time.

任何能讓交易時間縮短 5 秒、10 秒或 15 秒的方法都能在短時間內增加總收入。

The next wave of crowd movement is expected to come at the end of the event.

下一波人群流動預計將在活動結束時出現。

That's when planners need to find a way to get tens of thousands of people home.

這時，規劃人員需要想辦法讓數萬人回家。

So ideally what you want with the crowd is for it to disperse into the local area and go into different directions.

是以，理想情況下，你希望人群分散到當地區域，並流向不同的方向。

The direct station obviously is Marble Arch station over here.

直達車站顯然是這邊的大理石拱門站。

So we have got crossings over from these islands.

是以，我們從這些島嶼上得到了過境點。

我們可以讓人們在離開時慢下來。

And also people were exited from the side of the park over here.

They could walk up Park Lane to the station or they could start to filter into the West End to go for a drink or whatever.

他們可以沿著公園巷走到車站，也可以開始進入西區去喝一杯或做其他事情。

What you're trying to avoid is everybody leaving the venue and just steaming straight to the station and standing outside in a huge queue.

你要避免的是，每個人都離開會場，直奔車站，在外面大排長龍。

One way to slow the flow of a crowd is to break people up into different groups.

減緩人流的方法之一是將人們抽成不同的群體。

At the end of the night, the crowd is released in waves to manage the flow into the train station.

夜幕降臨時，人群被一波一波地釋放出來，以管理進入火車站的人流。

If you allow too many people in at the station here, then the crowds on the platform will become unsafe and then you can obviously have people falling onto the lines or just purely not being able to get on trains.

如果允許過多的人進入車站，那麼站臺上的人群就會變得不安全，很明顯就會有人摔倒在線路上，或者純粹是上不了火車。

But not every venue is designed to move tens of thousands of people at once.

但並不是每個場地都能同時容納數萬人。

For the 2012 London Olympics, Brett designed a system to move crowds of up to 15,000 people to and from a venue down a narrow sidewalk, across a road and through a narrow station entrance.

在 2012 年倫敦奧運會上，佈雷特設計了一套系統，用於將多達 15000 人的人群從狹窄的人行道、道路和狹窄的車站入口運送到會場。

The venue is emptied in about 45 minutes.

And so what we came up with was a way of holding people in a series of pens.

是以，我們想出了用一系列筆來記錄人們的方法。

The crowd would come out of the venue, wait in this area here and then they'd be guided into pens, which were the same width of the sidewalk across the street.

觀眾從會場出來後，會在這一區域等待，然後被引導到與街對面人行道同樣寬的圍欄裡。

When the traffic lights turned red, the pens opened, people walked across the street and down to the station.

當紅綠燈亮起時，鋼筆打開，人們穿過街道，走到車站。

And what this meant was that this footway was never overcrowded, people didn't step into the road.

這意味著這條人行道從來不會擁擠，人們也不會踩到馬路上。

And as this slowly filtered down, it fed through the narrow part of the street.

當這股力量慢慢滲透下來時，就穿過了街道的狹窄部分。

So it was never overcrowding at the entry point or on the platforms.

是以，入口處和站臺上從未出現過擁擠不堪的情況。

While Brett's work may not be in the spotlight, it's planning like this that can often make the difference between a night to remember for the fun of it or an event gone wrong.

雖然 Brett 的工作可能並不引人注目，但正是這樣的策劃往往能讓一個難忘之夜變得有趣，或者讓一個活動出錯。

The hardest part is predicting what people will do.

 You can't always get it right, but it's what makes it interesting.

你不可能總是做對，但這正是它的有趣之處。