Millions of people in one place.

數百萬人在同一個地方。

Tourism is becoming a challenge.

旅遊業正在成為一項挑戰。

Not far from Barcelona, a beach promenade is being removed to make sure that tourists keep coming.

在離巴賽隆納不遠的地方，一條海灘長廊正在被拆除，以確保遊客源源不斷。

How does it all fit together?

它們是如何組合在一起的？

The answer is: it's complicated, because tourism is also complicated.

答案是：這很複雜，因為旅遊業也很複雜。

On the one hand, there are crowds. 20 million people visit Barcelona's Sagrada Familia Cathedral and the Market Hall every year.

一方面是人潮。每年有 2000 萬人參觀巴賽隆納的聖家堂大教堂和市場大廳。

They're often crowded.

它們經常很擁擠。

The city now wants to make improvements and is spending millions.

現在，市政府希望進行改善，並花費了數百萬美元。

Every city is currently trying to manage tourism.

目前，每個城市都在努力管理旅遊業。

Is it positive for the city?

這對城市有積極意義嗎？

Yes, but you do reach a point where it no longer brings any added value.

是的，但到了一定程度，它就不再能帶來任何附加值了。

The next morning, I meet Esther Llorquera, who lives in the Barceloneta district, right next to the port.

第二天早上，我見到了埃斯特-洛爾克拉（Esther Llorquera），她住在巴賽隆納塔區，緊鄰港口。

She's fed up with tourism.

她受夠了旅遊業。

Her opinion on the town hall's plans is very clear.

她對市政廳計劃的意見非常明確。

In other words, Barcelona will continue to be overcrowded.

換句話說，巴賽隆納將繼續人滿為患。

We need less tourism, but done well and purposefully.

我們需要更少的旅遊業，但要做得好、有目的。

Not just investing millions in public money on something that turns out to be ineffective.

而不是把數百萬的公共資金投入到毫無效果的事情上。

The local resident is furious because the city is also spending millions to host the America's Cup sailing regatta.

當地居民非常憤怒，因為該市還花費數百萬美元舉辦美洲盃帆船賽。

City Hall believes this kind of event is right for Barcelona, but it will bring even more tourists.

市政廳認為這種活動適合巴賽隆納，而且會帶來更多遊客。

And not just tourists.

而且不僅僅是遊客。

A few weeks ago, I got this letter from Engel and Furcas saying that a lot of buyers will be coming to the city for the upcoming America's Cup.

幾周前，我收到一封來自 Engel and Furcas 公司的信，信中說很多買家將為即將到來的美洲盃帆船賽來到這座城市。

That means that it's closely linked to the problem of speculation that's plaguing this neighborhood.

這意味著它與困擾這個社區的投機問題密切相關。

Eva Vidal and Juan Blaya are combating the illegal rental apartments in Barcelona.

伊娃·維達爾和胡安·布萊亞正在打擊巴塞隆納的非法出租公寓。

They are two of 27 inspectors.

他們是 27 名檢查員中的兩名。

Their job is to find out whether there are short-term tourists living in apartments without a license.

他們的工作是查明是否有短期遊客無證居住在公寓裡。

Nearly 10,000 have been shut down in recent years.

近年來，已有近 10,000 家被關閉。

It's tough work.

這是一項艱鉅的工作。

Nobody opens the door at the first appointment.

第一次預約沒人開門。

There are five apartments in this building that are under suspicion.

這棟樓裡有五套公寓受到懷疑。

Things become clear at the next door they visit.

在他們拜訪的下一家門前，事情變得明朗起來。

I need some information.

我需要一些資訊。

I just want to talk to you.

我只想和你談談。

Is anyone living here or are you cleaning after someone moved out?

這裡有人住，還是有人搬走後你來打掃？

Yes, that's… well, I'm just here for the cleaning company.

是的，這......好，我只是清潔公司找來打掃的。

These apartments are for tourists.

這些公寓是給遊客住的。

The wheels are finally starting to turn.

齒輪終於開始轉動了。

It's a lengthy process.

這是一個漫長的過程。

Nevertheless...

儘管如此...

it's been successful, especially with private landlords.

它還是取得了成功，尤其是在私人房東方面。

If you catch them, they actually stop.

如果你抓到他們，他們就會停止。

But it's different with the large owners of 10, 15, 20, 60 apartments across Barcelona.

但對於在巴賽隆納擁有 10 套、15 套、20 套、60 套公寓的大房東來說，情況就不同了。

They don't really mind the 60,000 euro fine because they can quickly recoup the money from the other apartments.

他們並不介意 6 萬歐元的罰款，因為他們可以很快從其他公寓收回這筆錢。

The experts also consider limits on vacation rentals to be an effective approach, but at the same time, there is a clear rejection of other tourism alternatives.

專家們也認為限制度假租賃是一種有效的方法，但同時也明確拒絕了其他的旅遊方式。

All of these things need to be abolished, but we also have to be careful to make sure that changing this doesn't lead to elitism.

所有這些東西都需要廢除，但我們也必須小心謹慎，確保這種改變不會導致精英主義。

Thinking that the solution lies in quality tourism, which is actually a euphemism for tourism for the wealthy.

認為解決之道在於優質旅遊，而優質旅遊實際上是富人旅遊的委婉說法。

If more rich people come, it doesn't mean that tourism is better distributed, and there are not enough rich people for everyone.

如果來的有錢人多了，並不意味著旅遊業的分佈更好了，也不意味著每個人都有足夠的有錢人。

The main goal of the America's Cup is to make Barcelona attractive for wealthy tourists.

美洲盃帆船賽的主要目的就是讓巴賽隆納吸引更多的富人遊客。

Like local resident Esther, the geographer thinks the approach is wrong.

與當地居民埃斯特一樣，地理學家也認為這種方法是錯誤的。

This type of event will lead to a disastrous situation, which is part of the logic of creating events to attract wealthy tourists.

這類活動將導致災難性的局面，這也是舉辦活動吸引富裕遊客的邏輯之一。

The fact that more rich people come does not enrich the majority, but impoverishes us and creates more inequality.

更多富人的到來並沒有使大多數人富裕起來，反而使我們更加貧窮，造成了更多的不平等。

Tourism is complicated.

旅遊業是複雜的。

It could have been slowed down this summer in Catalonia by a lack of water.

今年夏天，加泰羅尼亞可能因為缺水而放慢了腳步。

Then it rained just in time.

後來，雨下得正好。

South of Barcelona, however, there is another example of how climate change can influence tourism over the long term.

然而，在巴賽隆納南部，還有另一個例子可以說明氣候變化如何長期影響旅遊業。

In Calafell, sand is being brought in for a lot of money to prepare the beach for the high season.

在卡拉費爾，人們花大價錢運來沙子，為旺季的到來做好準備。

We removed a plaza here that took up 800 meters of space on this beach.

我們拆除了佔地 800 米的廣場。

It's stretched to where the man with the umbrella is.

它一直延伸到陽傘所在的地方。

There was no sand.

沒有沙子。

We removed the concrete about two months ago and we were able to create a new beach.

大約兩個月前，我們拆除了混凝土，並建造了一個新海灘。

More beach for summer tourists.

為夏季遊客提供更多海灘。

Thanks to less concrete. That was one step.

多虧混凝土少了。這是一步。

Because storms keep washing away the beach in winter, tourists get less beach over the long term.

由於冬季的風暴會不斷沖刷海灘，長期來看，遊客得到的海灘會越來越少。

The raw material for tourism is sand.

旅遊業的原材料是沙子。

This is where tourists come.

遊客就是會來這裡。

This is where they rest.

他們就在這裡休息。

This is the main attraction, the main resource.

這是主要的景點，主要的資源。

Sand in a scenario like this one with climate change is a major challenge.

在這種氣候變化的情況下，沙子是一項重大挑戰。

The only natural sand reserve we have is these dunes.

我們唯一的天然沙丘保護區就是這些沙丘。

The Calafell model is considered an example of sustainability.

卡拉費爾模式被視為可持續發展的典範。

The big difference to Barcelona, however, is that large numbers of tourists only come here at the height of summer.

不過，與巴賽隆納最大的不同之處在於，只有在盛夏時節才會有大量遊客來到這裡。

The rest of the time, residents and nature can relax.

其餘時間，居民和大自然都可以盡情放鬆。

In Barcelona, the high season lasts all year round.

在巴賽隆納，全年都是旅遊旺季。

That's why annoyed residents will also protest here against their eviction and the America's Cup.

這就是為什麼惱火的居民也會在這裡抗議驅逐他們和美洲盃帆船賽。