Threats and potential threats to the environment. Shrinking habitats are a threat to biodiversity in terms of both plants and animals, and endangered species need legal protection if they are to survive. Although some climate change sceptics disagree, most scientists believe that global warming will increase. This will encourage polar ice to melt, resulting in rising sea levels and climatic changes. Carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are contributing to the greenhouse effect. In addition, population growth exerts severe pressure on finite resources, and the ecological balance may be upset by uncontrolled deforestation. Demographic projections suggest the world population will continue to grow exponentially, putting extra pressure on depleting resources.

對環境的威脅和潛在威脅。棲息地的縮小對動植物的生物多樣性構成威脅，瀕危物種要想生存下去，就需要法律的保護。儘管一些氣候變化懷疑論者持不同意見，但大多數科學家認為全球變暖將加劇。這將促使極地冰層融化，導致海平面上升和氣候變化。化石燃料燃燒產生的二氧化碳排放加劇了溫室效應。此外，人口增長對有限的資源造成嚴重壓力，無節制的森林砍伐可能會破壞生態平衡。人口預測表明，世界人口將繼續成倍增長，給日益枯竭的資源帶來更大壓力。

Waste disposal is an increasing problem, and toxic waste is contaminating many rivers and seas. Safe water may become an increasingly precious commodity, leading to issues of water security. One of the worst-case scenarios is that there will be no tropical rainforest left by the year 2050. Our only hope is that pristine environments such as Antarctica can be protected from development and damage, so that at least these habitats are preserved.

廢物處理問題日益嚴重，有毒廢物正在汙染許多河流和海洋。安全的水可能會成為越來越珍貴的商品，從而導致水安全問題。最壞的情況之一是，到 2050 年，熱帶雨林將不復存在。我們唯一的希望是，南極洲等原始環境能夠得到保護，免受開發和破壞，至少這些棲息地能夠得到保護。

b. Responses to environmental issues and problems. Look at these newspaper headlines and note the useful phrases. Governing party in bid to improve green credentials.

b.對環境問題的迴應。看看這些報紙標題，注意其中有用的短語。執政黨努力提高綠色證書。

Profits of doom and gloom should listen to scientific evidence, says Prime Minister.

首相說，"悲觀主義 "的獲利者應該傾聽科學證據的聲音。

Sustainable development the only answer for emerging countries, says UN Commission.

聯合國委員會表示，可持續發展是新興國家的唯一出路。

Renewable energy. Government develops new strategy.

可再生能源。政府制定新戰略。

a. Good service. Read these comments by someone about a company they recently used.

a.良好的服務。請閱讀某人對他們最近使用的一家公司的評論。

They're a good company. They always make sure you get a prompt reply to any query and they're very responsive to complaints. When I rang to ask if I could change the delivery date, they were very accommodating and got back to me within 10 minutes with a new date.

他們是一家好公司。他們總是確保您的任何疑問都能得到及時回覆，而且對投訴反應迅速。當我打電話詢問是否可以更改交貨日期時，他們非常通情達理，10 分鐘內就給我回復了新的日期。

Whenever I ring, I get impeccable service. They're always very helpful and obliging, whatever the problem is. b. Adjectives connected with bad service.

每次我打電話，都能得到無可挑剔的服務。無論遇到什麼問題，他們總是樂於助人，不厭其煩。

Incompetent. Failing through insufficient skill, knowledge or training. For example, it wasn't just bad service, they were completely incompetent.

不稱職。因技能、知識或培訓不足而失敗。例如，他們不僅服務態度差，而且完全不稱職。

Impersonal. Lacking a personal element or feeling of human warmth. For example,

不近人情。缺乏個人元素或人情味。例如

I find some big shop so impersonal. Shoddy. Poor quality of service or of goods.

我發現一些大商店太不近人情了。偽劣。服務或商品質量差。

For example, they repaired my car but the work was very shoddy.

例如，他們修理了我的汽車，但工作非常粗糙。

Substandard. Below the standard expected. Often used about actions. For example, it was a substandard performance altogether for such a big company.

低於標準。低於預期標準。常用於行動。例如，對於這樣一家大公司來說，它的表現完全不達標。

Uncooperative. Not supportive. Unwilling to work together. For example, the secretary was very uncooperative so I ended up doing it myself.

不合作。不支持。不願合作。例如，祕書非常不合作，所以我最後只能自己做。

There's a huge backlog of orders and they can't deliver for three weeks.

訂單大量積壓，三週內無法交貨。

They never seem to have any sense of urgency when you ring them. It's exasperating.

你給他們打電話時，他們似乎從來都沒有緊迫感。真讓人生氣。

They have a helpline but it's useless. They always put you on hold every time you ring.

他們有求助熱線，但毫無用處。每次打電話他們都讓你等。

The home button on my tablet stopped working but it was still under guarantee so I didn't have to pay to get it repaired. The home button on my tablet stopped working but it was still under warranty so I didn't have to pay to get it repaired.

我的平板電腦上的主頁按鈕失靈了，但它仍在保修期內，所以我不用花錢修理。我的平板電腦上的主頁按鈕停止工作了，但它仍在保修期內，所以我不用花錢去修理。

C. Service encounters on the internet. Most big companies offer a secure site where you can set up an account and they have a privacy policy guaranteeing secure transactions.

C.在互聯網上遇到的服務問題。大多數大公司都會提供一個安全的網站，您可以在該網站上開設賬戶，而且這些公司還制定了隱私政策，保證交易安全。

The hotel website lets you check availability and has all the information you need on its home page.

您可以通過酒店網站查詢空房情況，主頁上有您需要的所有資訊。

This site has a very good FAQ link where you can find answers to the most important questions.

該網站有一個很好的常見問題鏈接，您可以在其中找到最重要問題的答案。

This online bookshop is excellent. You can browse and it has a very good site index.

這家在線書店非常出色。您可以瀏覽，網站索引也很不錯。

Most large online stores offer immediate dispatch and a nationwide service.

大多數大型網店都提供即時發貨和全國性服務。

You can also track your order so you know when it will be delivered.

您還可以跟蹤您的訂單，以便知道何時送達。

Do you buy clothes online or do you prefer to buy them in-store?

您是在網上購買衣服，還是更喜歡在店裡購買？

A. Entering a country.

A.進入一個國家。

On arrival in most countries you have to show your passport or national identity card, possibly a landing card and often a customs declaration form. You may need a visa and a vaccination certificate depending on entry regulations. Alternatively, some passports can use e-passport gates which make use of facial recognition technology.

抵達大多數國家時，您必須出示護照或國民身份證，可能還需要出示登陸卡和海關申報單。根據入境規定，您可能需要簽證和疫苗接種證明。另外，有些護照可以使用面部識別技術的電子護照閘機。

Customs officers carry out spot checks on people's baggage to find banned or restricted goods and to check that you haven't gone over your allowance. They may use sniffer or detector dogs to detect drugs, tobacco, cash or explosives. In most cases you have to clear customs at the port of entry.

海關人員會對旅客的行李進行抽查，以發現違禁或限制攜帶的物品，並檢查您的行李是否超過了限額。他們可能會使用嗅探犬或緝毒犬檢測毒品、菸草、現金或爆炸物。在大多數情況下，您必須在入境口岸辦理清關手續。

Some passengers may wish to be recognised as refugees and claim asylum.

有些乘客可能希望被認定為難民並申請庇護。

People who claim asylum in this way are sometimes called asylum seekers.

以這種方式申請庇護的人有時被稱為尋求庇護者。

B. Policing the streets.

B.街頭治安。

The police enforce the law. A police officer can stop and search you if there is a suspicion you are carrying drugs, weapons or stolen property. The police cannot normally enter your home

警察執法。如果懷疑您攜帶毒品、武器或贓物，警察可以攔截並搜查您。警察通常不能進入您的住所

The police cannot normally enter your home against your wishes without a search warrant.

在沒有搜查令的情況下，警方通常不能違背您的意願進入您的住所。

Many roads have safety or speed cameras to ensure people aren't exceeding the speed limit.

許多道路都安裝了安全或測速攝像頭，以確保人們不會超速。

Traffic wardens issue parking tickets with fines for illegal parking.

交通協管員對違章停車開出罰單，並處以罰款。

The police also use surveillance techniques, including CCTV, closed-circuit television, to monitor public areas such as town centres and airports.

警方還使用監控技術，包括閉路電視（CCTV），對市中心和機場等公共區域進行監控。

C. Other types of policing. Security forces, often a name for the army and police working together.

C.其他警務類型。安全部隊，通常是軍隊和警察合作的名稱。

Plain-clothed police. Police who do not wear uniform.

便衣警察。不穿制服的警察。

Undercover police. Police who are working secretly using a false identity.

便衣警察。使用假身份祕密工作的警察。

Drug squad. Police specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade.

緝毒隊。為打擊非法毒品交易而專門訓練的警察。

Anti-corruption squad. Police specially trained to discover and fight bribery or corruption.

反腐敗隊。受過專門訓練的警察，負責發現和打擊賄賂或腐敗行為。

Police specially trained to discover and fight bribery or corruption.

受過發現和打擊賄賂或腐敗行為專門培訓的警察。

Cybercrime. Computer crime. There are many types including cyber terrorism, cyber warfare and phishing. Phishing is tricking people on the internet to give up personal information, particularly bank account details. A. People and their beliefs.

網絡犯罪計算機犯罪。有多種類型，包括網絡恐怖主義、網絡戰和網絡釣魚。網絡釣魚是在互聯網上欺騙人們提供個人信息，尤其是銀行賬戶資訊。A. 人及其信仰。

Adherent of. A person who supports a particular idea or party. Related words. Adherence. To adhere to. Convert to. Someone who has taken on a new set of beliefs. Related words. Conversion. To convert.

擁護者。支持某種思想或政黨的人。相關詞。堅持。堅持。皈依。接受一套新信仰的人。相關詞。皈依。皈依。

Fanatic. Disapproving. Someone with a very strong belief that something is great.

狂熱。不贊成。堅信某件事是偉大的人。

Related words. Fanaticism. Fanatical.

相關詞語。狂熱。狂熱

Radical. Someone who believes there should be extreme change, often political. Related words.

激進分子。認為應該進行極端變革（通常是政治變革）的人。相關詞語。

Radicalism. To radicalise. Reactionary. Disapproving. Someone opposed to change or new ideas. Related words. Reaction. To react. B. A definition of one belief.

激進主義。激進化。反動。不贊成。反對變革或新思想的人。相關詞。反應。反應。B. 一種信仰的定義。

Pacifism. Pacifists seek to eradicate violence and conflict, and they believe that war can never be justified. A key tenet shared by proponents of this way of thinking is that life is precious and should never be wasted. Some pacifists' beliefs derive from their religious views, and some pacifists go as far as to say that life is precious and should never be wasted.

和平主義。和平主義者尋求消除暴力和衝突，他們認為戰爭永遠沒有正當理由。這種思維方式的支持者都有一個重要的信條，那就是生命是寶貴的，不應該被浪費。一些和平主義者的信仰源於他們的宗教觀點，一些和平主義者甚至說生命是寶貴的，絕不應該浪費。

Some pacifists go as far as to oppose violence in all forms, including in self-defence.

一些和平主義者甚至反對一切形式的暴力，包括自衛。

There have been several very well-known pacifists throughout history, such as Mahatma Gandhi, who campaigned for Indian independence through using non-violent civil disobedience. His success has inspired others to use peaceful resistance to achieve their goals, including Martin Luther King Jr., a key figure in the civil rights movement in the

歷史上有幾位非常著名的和平主義者，如聖雄甘地，他通過非暴力的非暴力反抗爭取印度獨立。他的成功激勵了其他人利用和平抵抗來實現自己的目標，其中包括美國民權運動的關鍵人物小馬丁-路德-金。

United States in the 1950s and 60s. C. Other words and expressions relating to believing.

二十世紀五六十年代的美國。C. 與 "相信 "有關的其他詞語和表達。

Emma's viewpoint is that we should just wait and see what happens next.

艾瑪的觀點是，我們應該靜觀其變。

Emma's point of view is that we should just wait and see what happens next.

艾瑪的觀點是，我們應該靜觀其變。

The boy produced a barely credible excuse for arriving late.

男孩為遲到找了個勉強可信的藉口。

I was incredulous when she told me she was quitting her job to go to New Zealand.

當她告訴我她要辭職去紐西蘭時，我簡直不敢相信。

He is very gullible. He believes anything you tell him.

他非常容易受騙。你說什麼他都信。

You should try to be less subjective about the situation.

你應該儘量避免主觀臆斷。

Can't you find a more plausible excuse than that?

你就不能找一個比這更合理的藉口嗎？

Many scholars attribute this anonymous poem to Dante.

許多學者認為這首無名詩出自但丁之手。

I presume that Mina told you what happened.

我猜米娜把事情告訴你了。

We should give her the benefit of the doubt.

我們應該相信她。

You should take what he says with a pinch of salt. He's inclined to exaggerate.

你應該慎重對待他說的話。他有誇大其詞的傾向。