Name: 太陽可能在 2025 年毀滅地球 (The Sun Could Destroy the Earth in 2025)
Uploaded: 2024-06-26T07:46:55.000Z
Duration: 7 min 6 s

In 1859, the British astronomer Richard Carrington was looking at the sun observing sunspots when he noticed a flash of bright light coming from the sun which lasted about five minutes.

1859 年，英國天文學家理查德-卡林頓（Richard Carrington）在觀測太陽黑子時，注意到從太陽上閃過一道亮光，持續了大約五分鐘。

This turned out to be the most intense solar storm in history, the Carrington event.

這就是歷史上最強烈的太陽風暴--卡靈頓事件。

The sun shot a huge amount of its hot plasma at the earth which caused mass destruction.

太陽向地球發射了大量炙熱的等離子體，造成了大規模的破壞。

Gold miners in the Rocky Mountains woke up at 1am thinking the sun had risen because the aurora was so bright.

落基山脈的金礦礦工在凌晨 1 點醒來，以為太陽已經升起，因為極光太亮了。

Telegraph systems across the world were working without being connected to the power at all.

世界各地的電報系統在完全不接電源的情況下工作。

They were just running off the insane amount of current caused by the event.

它們只是在消耗事件造成的巨大電流。

Messages from New York to Pittsburgh were sent without any electricity.

從紐約到匹茲堡的資訊都是在沒有電的情況下發送的。

The terrifying thing is these events are not rare, and I mean seriously not rare.

可怕的是，這些事件並不罕見，我是說真的不罕見。

Aurora was seen all around the world and even though you might typically expect to only see aurora in places like Iceland or Finland, the event was so extreme that aurora could be seen even here in Australia.

世界各地都能看到極光，儘管您可能通常認為只有在冰島或芬蘭等地才能看到極光，但這次極光現象非常極端，甚至在澳洲也能看到極光。

The local newspaper from this region on September 7th 1859 even wrote, most of our readers saw last week for three nights commencing after sunset and lighting up the heavens with a gorgeous hue of red, the southern aurora.

1859 年 9 月 7 日該地區的當地報紙甚至寫道："我們的大多數讀者上週連續三個晚上都看到了日落之後的南極光，絢麗的紅色照亮了天空。

Back in 2012, a solar superstorm as big as the Carrington event narrowly missed the earth by just 12 days, and these events come in cycles.

早在 2012 年，一場與卡林頓事件一樣大的太陽超級風暴僅以 12 天的微弱差距與地球擦肩而過。

Every 11 years the sun's magnetic field completely flips which causes a ton of solar activity, and we are entering the next solar maximum right now.

每隔 11 年，太陽磁場就會完全翻轉，從而導致大量太陽活動，而我們現在正進入下一個太陽活動最大期。

So the real question is, what would happen if the event happened again today?

是以，真正的問題是，如果事件在今天再次發生，會發生什麼？

Because in the modern age, everything relies on electricity.

因為在現代社會，一切都依賴於電力。

The lights in our homes, the phones in our hands, and even now many of our cars are dependent on electricity.

我們家中的電燈、手中的電話，甚至現在我們的許多汽車都依賴電力。

So how would we recover if the world's energy grid was knocked offline for multiple years?

那麼，如果世界能源網中斷多年，我們將如何恢復？

These events emit an unfathomable amount of energy.

這些事件會釋放出深不可測的能量。

The Carrington flare carried 4 by 10 to the power of 32 ergs of energy.

卡林頓耀斑攜帶了 4 乘以 10 的 32 爾格能量。

This is roughly equivalent to 700 billion nuclear bombs the size of Little Boy, the Hiroshima bomb.

這大約相當於 7000 億枚核彈，大小相當於廣島原子彈 "小男孩"。

A 2013 study estimated that the electrical outages caused by a Carrington level event would cost 2.6 trillion dollars for the North American power industry alone.

2013 年的一項研究估計，卡林頓級事件造成的電力中斷僅對北美電力行業而言就將造成 2.6 萬億美元的損失。

There would be global blackouts lasting years.

No lights anywhere in the world for the first time in centuries.

幾個世紀以來，世界上第一次沒有任何地方有燈光。

I mean call me selfish, but can you imagine the view everyone would have of the stars at night?

我可以說我自私，但你能想象每個人在夜晚都能看到星星嗎？

This blackout would happen because the event would damage these extremely high voltage transformers that are insanely difficult to replace.

之所以會發生停電，是因為這一事件會損壞這些極難更換的超高壓變壓器。

What would something like this do to satellites, rockets, telescopes?

這樣的東西會對衛星、火箭和望遠鏡造成什麼影響？

If it did occur while people were working on the moon base as this kind of radiation is not kind to the human body.

如果它確實發生在人們在月球基地工作的時候，因為這種輻射對人體不好。

Satellites that orbit really high above the earth are in big danger too.

在地球高空運行的衛星也有很大的危險。

These satellites are smashed with high energy particles leaving them damaged and the scary thing is most of these high orbit satellites control our communications and GPS.

這些衛星被高能粒子擊碎，導致其損壞，而可怕的是，這些高軌道衛星中的大多數控制著我們的通信和全球定位系統。

I mean Starlink has already lost 50 million dollars worth of satellites to geomagnetic storms.

我是說，"星鏈 "已經因為地磁風暴損失了價值 5000 萬美元的衛星。

What scares me even more is the Carrington event, which is the biggest solar storm in recorded history, is actually relatively small compared to older events.

更讓我害怕的是，卡林頓事件是有史以來最大的太陽風暴，但與更早的太陽風暴相比，它的規模其實相對較小。

Scientists were able to look at the tree rings in ancient forests like this one and measure carbon-14 atoms in each ring.

科學家們能夠觀察像這樣的古森林中的樹環，並測量每個樹環中的碳-14 原子。

Spikes in the carbon-14 atoms suggest a super flare occurred in that year and they found huge spikes in the year 994.

碳-14 原子的峰值表明當年發生了超級耀斑，他們在 994 年發現了巨大的峰值。

And for these events to be found in the tree rings they would have had to have been massive, maybe 10 times or even 100 times bigger than the Carrington event.

要在樹年輪中發現這些事件，它們必須是巨大的，可能是卡林頓事件的 10 倍甚至 100 倍。

So why do these crazy events keep happening and why do I think we're entering the most dangerous period for solar activity of the entire decade?

那麼，為什麼這些瘋狂的事件不斷髮生，為什麼我認為我們正在進入整個十年中太陽活動最危險的時期呢？

Well just like the seasons the sun actually has cycles.

就像四季一樣，太陽也有周期。

Every 11 years the sun's During these maximums the sun is extremely active, regularly emitting CMEs.

每隔 11 年，太陽的熱量就會達到最大值。在這些最大值期間，太陽非常活躍，會定期釋放出集合放射粒子。

Our current cycle started back in 2019 and it will reach its maximum in the year 2025.

我們當前的週期始於 2019 年，並將在 2025 年達到最大值。

We still don't fully understand these cycles and we are always learning more but there is one thing that is for certain, we need to be prepared for 2025.

我們仍不完全瞭解這些週期，而且我們一直在學習更多的知識，但有一點是肯定的，那就是我們需要為 2025 年做好準備。

Well I guess the ultimate question is what can we actually do to protect ourselves and it all starts with detecting it to give everyone as much warning as possible.

好吧，我想最終的問題是，我們到底能做些什麼來保護自己，而這一切都要從檢測它開始，儘可能給每個人更多的警告。

Using the SOHO spacecraft we are constantly looking for these ejections of mass to see if they are aimed at us and when we do see one heading for us we can calculate when it will arrive and based on the speed this normally gives us around 12 to 48 hours worth of warning.

利用 SOHO 航天器，我們一直在尋找這些品質噴射物，看它們是否瞄準了我們。當我們看到一個品質噴射物朝我們飛來時，我們就可以計算出它何時到達，根據它的速度，通常會給我們大約 12 到 48 小時的預警時間。

This time is precious so everyone will need to act quickly.

時間非常寶貴，是以大家需要儘快行動起來。

Governments need to sound alarms and order all energy grids to be shut down and disconnected.

各國政府需要拉響警報，下令關閉所有能源網並切斷其連接。

Everyone will need to disconnect their electronics and wrap their phones and other small electronics in tin foil to prevent them from being fried.

每個人都需要斷開電子設備的連接，並用錫箔紙包裹手機和其他小型電子設備，以防被燒燬。

Satellites will be put into safety mode to protect them from being damaged.

衛星將進入安全模式，以保護其不受損壞。

If everything is done quickly we will be able to reconnect the grid and start everything back up.

如果一切都能儘快完成，我們就能重新連接電網，讓一切恢復正常。

Hospitals and other emergency services require electricity and under these conditions they simply can't have access to the power that they need so people would likely die as a result of it.

醫院和其他緊急服務部門需要用電，在這種情況下，他們根本無法獲得所需的電力，是以人們很可能是以而死亡。

Your car would probably be okay but many of the electronic components would be completely fried.

您的汽車可能會沒事，但許多電子元件會完全燒燬。

The screens, the charging ports and the reversing cameras would all probably be destroyed.

螢幕、充電接口和倒車攝像頭可能都會被毀壞。

The odds aren't insanely high but the danger is definitely real.

機率並不是高得離譜，但危險確實存在。

Some scientists believe that there is a 12% chance we will be hit by a Carrington level event in the next 10 years and we're about to enter the most dangerous period, the solar maximum.

一些科學家認為，在未來 10 年內，我們將有 12% 的機率遭遇卡林頓級別的事件，我們即將進入最危險的時期--太陽極大期。

If there was an asteroid heading for the earth everyone would be going crazy but these things are quiet.

如果有一顆小行星正向地球飛來，每個人都會為之瘋狂，但這些事情卻很平靜。

Solar storms strike in the darkness and pose a threat to the entire globe.

太陽風暴在黑暗中肆虐，對整個地球構成威脅。

 It's not a matter of if one hits us but when and when it does we need to be prepared.

這不是是否會發生的問題，而是何時發生的問題，我們需要做好準備。