Name: 通卡豆：被禁止的味道以及為何非法 (Tonka Beans: The Forbidden Flavor and Why it's Illegal)
Uploaded: 2024-06-20T21:18:00.000Z
Duration: 9 min 22 s

As we all know, governments like to ban things that do not make sense to be banned.

眾所周知，政府喜歡禁止一些沒有意義的東西。

One of the best examples is the tonka bean, a fragrant, wrinkled seed from a flowering tree in South America known for its intense and complex flavor.

其中一個最好的例子就是唐卡豆，這是一種來自南美洲花樹的芬芳皺褶種子，以其濃郁複雜的味道而聞名。

情態副詞

However, step outside of the U.S., you will find that tonka bean continues to be used in cuisine freely, particularly in France.

然而，走出美國，你會發現東加豆仍然被自由地用於烹飪，尤其是在法國。

So, why does FDA feel the need to treat it like some sort of terrifying and alarming substance ever discovered?

那麼，為什麼 FDA 覺得有必要把它當作某種從未發現過的可怕和令人震驚的物質來對待呢？

Welcome to What People Also Ask, where I answer some of the most Googled questions with Google.

歡迎來到 "人們還會問什麼"，在這裡我將用谷歌回答一些谷歌搜索量最高的問題。

Today's keyword is tonka bean, so let's start with our first question.

今天的關鍵詞是唐卡豆，讓我們從第一個問題開始。

This question can be answered by Wikipedia's deep-truth Odorata entry and another article titled Tonka Beans, a Delicious Yet Illegal Spice from South America, published by sousvi.com, which is a website for sousvi.com, a company that has developed an innovative kitchen robot appliance.

這個問題可以從維基百科的深層真相 Odorata 條目和 sousvi.com 發表的另一篇題為《南美美味卻非法的香料通卡豆》（Tonka Beans, a Delicious Yet Illegal Spice from South America）的文章中找到答案，sousvi.com 是一家開發出創新型廚房機器人設備的公司的網站。

According to these sources, tonka beans are the seed of Dipteryx odorata, a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae, also known as kumaro, a kumaro, one with sea, one with cake, or Brazilian teak.

根據這些資料，唐卡豆是豌豆科花木--Dipteryx odorata 的種子，又名 Kumaro、a kumaro、one with sea、one with cake 或 Brazilian teak。

Native to North and South America, the tree produced black, wrinkled seed known as tonka bean.

這種樹原產於北美和南美，結出的種子呈黑色，有皺紋，被稱為唐卡豆。

These beans have a smooth brown interior and a strong sweet fragrance akin to the sweet woodruff, which is due to their high content of kumaro.

這些豆子內部呈光滑的棕色，散發出類似甜木耳的濃郁甜香，這是因為它們含有大量的 Kumaro。

Tonka beans have been used in various industries due to their unique scent and flavor.

東加豆因其獨特的香味和風味，已被用於各行各業。

In the perfume industry, they are prized for their strong fragrance.

在香水行業，它們因香味濃郁而備受推崇。

In the culinary field, they have been used to add flavor to dishes, with a taste profile that is a complex mix of vanilla, almond, cloves, cinnamon, and amaretto.

在烹飪領域，它們被用來為菜餚增添風味，其味道是香草、杏仁、丁香、肉桂和阿瑪瑞託的複雜混合。

In French cuisine, they are often used in desserts and stews.

在法國菜中，它們常用於製作甜點和燉菜。

The tonka bean flavor has also been used in certain pipe tobaccos.

東加豆的味道也被用於某些菸斗菸草中。

However, tonka beans contain coumarin, a chemical that can cause health problems such as hemorrhoids, liver damage, and heart paralysis if consumed in large amounts.

然而，東加豆含有香豆素，這種化學物質如果大量食用會導致痔瘡、肝損傷和心臟麻痺等健康問題。

This has led to the control of tonka beans as a food additive by many governments, and in the U.S., food-content tonka beans have been considered adulterated since 1954.

這導致許多國家的政府將唐卡豆作為食品添加劑加以控制，而在美國，自 1954 年起，含食品成分的唐卡豆就被視為摻假。

Despite this, tonka beans continue to be imported by culinary enthusiasts, and there have been calls for the deregulation of their use in food.

儘管如此，烹飪愛好者仍在繼續進口唐卡豆，而且有人呼籲取消對食品中使用唐卡豆的管制。

A tonka bean tree can live over a thousand years under certain conditions, and its wood is also valuable, known as Brazilian teak.

在特定條件下，一棵通卡豆樹可以活一千多年，它的木材也很珍貴，被稱為巴西柚木。

Often used for flooring due to its natural color variation and durability.

由於其天然的色彩變化和耐久性，通常用於鋪設地板。

As of now, the main producers of tonka beans are Venezuela, Nigeria, and Brazil.

目前，通卡豆的主要生產國是委內瑞拉、尼日利亞和巴西。

The question can be answered by an article titled What does tonka bean taste like?

這個問題可以從一篇題為《唐卡豆是什麼味道的？

Published by SambaVanilla.com, which is a company that sells vanilla rums and spice online.

由 SambaVanilla.com 發佈，這是一家在網上銷售香草朗姆酒和香料的公司。

And another article titled Published by Boulevard Spirit Dakota UK, which is a family-owned and operated distillery in Norwich, England.

另一篇文章的標題是《英國大道精神達科塔酒廠出版》，該酒廠位於英國諾里奇，是一家家族擁有和經營的酒廠。

According to these sources, tonka beans have a complex and distinctive flavor profile.

根據這些資料，東加豆具有複雜而獨特的風味。

It is known for its sweet vanilla-like qualities, often described as similar to marzipan or Bettenberg cake.

它以類似香草的甜味而聞名，通常被描述為類似於杏仁蛋白糖或貝騰堡蛋糕。

When tasted, the tonka beans impart a rich, slightly nutty vanilla flavor, with hints of sweet spice adding depth and complexity.

品嚐時，頓加豆散發出濃郁、略帶堅果香的香草味道，而一絲絲甜香料的味道則增加了香草的深度和複雜性。

Additionally, the tonka bean's flavor is known to contain notes of almond, cinnamon, and cloves.

此外，眾所周知，唐卡豆的味道中還含有杏仁、肉桂和丁香的香味。

The bean is quite potent, with a very intense flavor, so it should be used sparingly.

這種豆子的藥效很強，味道非常濃郁，是以應儘量少用。

Despite its intensity, even in small doses, the tonka bean's sweet taste and aroma can significantly enhance various dishes.

儘管味道濃烈，但即使是小劑量，東加豆的甜味和香氣也能大大提升各種菜餚的味道。

It pairs particularly well with chocolate, vanilla, coconut, and fruit, making it a popular choice in both sweet and savory dishes.

它特別適合與巧克力、香草、椰子和水果搭配，是以在甜味和鹹味菜餚中都很受歡迎。

Lastly, it is important to note that the tonka bean needs to be used responsibly due to its potency, because too much of it can be toxic.

最後，需要注意的是，由於東加豆的功效，使用時需要負責任，因為過量使用可能會中毒。

In the kitchen, it's typically either infused and used in water to prepare dishes, or it's grated, much like a nutmeg.

在廚房裡，它通常被浸泡在水中用於烹製菜餚，或者被磨碎，就像肉豆蔻一樣。

So in summary, tonka bean's flavor can be described as a rich, sweet, and spice vanilla-like taste, with additional notes of almond, cinnamon, and cloves.

是以，總的來說，東加豆的味道可以說是一種濃郁、甜美、香料味的香草味，還有杏仁、肉桂和丁香的味道。

So if tonka bean illegal, why is it illegal?

那麼，如果唐卡豆是非法的，為什麼它又是非法的呢？

The question can be answered by an article titled The Delicious Flavor with a Toxic Secret, published by BBC, and another article titled The Tonka Bean, an Ingredient So Good It Has to be Illegal, published by The Atlantic, as well as an article titled The Real Reason Tonka Beans are Illegal in the US, published by Mesh.com, which is a food-focused website that offers a wide range of content about food and drink.

英國廣播公司（BBC）發表的題為《有毒祕密的美味風味》（The Delicious Flavor with a Toxic Secret）的文章、《大西洋月刊》（The Atlantic）發表的題為《唐卡豆，一種好到必須非法的配料》（The Tonka Bean, an Ingredient So Good It Has to be Illegal）的文章以及 Mesh.com 發表的題為《唐卡豆在美國非法的真正原因》（The Real Reason Tonka Beans are Illegal in 

According to these three articles, the tonka bean is known for its intense and complex flavor.

根據這三篇文章，東加豆以其濃郁而複雜的味道而聞名。

It has notes of vanilla, licorice, caramel, and clove, making it a cherished ingredient for dessert and other food products across the globe.

它具有香草、甘草、焦糖和丁香的香味，是全球甜點和其他食品的珍貴配料。

However, despite the culinary appeal, its use in food is banned in the United States, because of the high level of a chemical compound known as coumarin present in the tonka bean.

不過，儘管這種豆子在烹飪方面很有吸引力，但在美國卻被禁止在食品中使用，因為在這種豆子中含有大量被稱為 "香豆素 "的化學物質。

Coumarin, a naturally occurring substance, was first isolated from the tonka bean in 1820.

香豆素是一種天然物質，1820 年首次從頓卡豆中分離出來。

It has a sweet smell often associated with newly mown hay, and has been utilized in various food and non-food products.

它有一種甜味，通常與新割的乾草有關，已被用於各種食品和非食品中。

During the 1940s, it was widely used as a synthetic additive in items such as tobacco, cosmetics, and certain foodstuffs.

20 世紀 40 年代，它被廣泛用作菸草、化妝品和某些食品的合成添加劑。

However, subsequent research indicates that a high level of coumarin could potentially be toxic, particularly to the liver.

不過，隨後的研究表明，高濃度的香豆素可能會產生毒性，尤其是對肝臟。

This finding, primarily based on animal study, prompted an evaluation of the compound's safety.

這一發現主要基於動物實驗，促使對該化合物的安全性進行評估。

In 1954, the US Food and Drug Administration declared all food containing coumarin as adulterated, effectively making the sale of tonka bean for culinary use illegal within the country.

1954 年，美國食品和藥物管理局宣佈所有含有香豆素的食品均為摻假食品，這實際上使東加豆在美國國內的烹飪用途銷售成為非法。

This ban was prompted by studies indicating coumarin's toxicity primarily based on its effect on the liver of animals.

這項禁令是由於研究表明香豆素的毒性主要是對動物肝臟的影響。

While the actual safety limits for coumarin intake in humans are somewhat uncertain due to the lack of human trials, the legislation erred on the side of caution, with a wide safety margin factor in.

雖然由於缺乏人體試驗，香豆素在人體中實際攝入量的安全限值尚不確定，但立法採取了謹慎的態度，安全係數較高。

This law, although based on research and evidence available in the 1950s, has been a subject of controversy.

這項法律雖然是根據 20 世紀 50 年代的研究和證據制定的，但一直備受爭議。

Coumarin occurs naturally not only in tonka bean, but also in other commonly consumed plants such as cinnamon, lavender, and licorice, leading to questions about the inconsistency of the regulation.

香豆素不僅天然存在於東加豆中，也存在於肉桂、薰衣草和甘草等其他常食用植物中，這就導致了有關規定不一致的問題。

It's worth noting that the fear associated with coumarin often stems from the common misconception that it is a blood thinner.

值得注意的是，人們對香豆素的恐懼往往源於一種常見的誤解，即香豆素是一種血液稀釋劑。

This is not true, as the blood thinner is actually a trademark drug called coumadin, which is made by altering the chemical structure of coumarin.

其實不然，血液稀釋劑實際上是一種名為 "庫馬汀 "的商標藥物，它是通過改變香豆素的化學結構製成的。

Despite the ban, tonka beans have found their way into the dish served by Michelin star restaurants, and the U.S. remains the largest importer of these beans globally.

儘管有禁令在先，但頓卡豆還是被米其林星級餐廳用來做菜，美國仍然是全球最大的頓卡豆進口國。

Some argue that the ban is outdated, considering the significant amount of the beans required to reach a toxic level of coumarin.

一些人認為，考慮到達到香豆素毒性水準需要大量的香豆，這項禁令已經過時。

For example, it is estimated that one would need to consume around 30 whole tonka beans for a coumarin level to be dangerously high, and usually only a small fraction of tonka bean is used to flavor a dish.

例如，據估計，一個人需要食用大約 30 整顆唐卡豆，香豆素的含量才會達到危險水準，而通常只有一小部分唐卡豆被用來為菜餚調味。

Furthermore, coumarin is also found in common household items like cassia cinnamon.

此外，香豆素還存在於桂皮肉桂等常見家居用品中。

The FDA has enforced this law in some degree, tracking down chefs using the tonka bean in their dishes.

美國食品和藥物管理局在一定程度上執行了這項法律，追查在菜餚中使用東加豆的廚師。

One example of FDA has sporadically enforced the ban is the 2006 raid in Alina, a restaurant in Chicago, following rumors of tonka bean use.

食品及藥物管理局零星執行禁令的一個例子是，2006 年，芝加哥的一家餐廳 Alina 在傳出使用東加豆後遭到突襲。

However, enforcement has been somewhat inconsistent, with tonka beans still being available for purchase from some suppliers.

然而，執法情況並不一致，一些供應商仍然可以購買到唐卡豆。

Outside of the U.S., tonka beans continue to be used in cuisine freely, particularly in France, where fever tonka, or tonka fever, has been coined to describe the popularity of this ingredient.

在美國以外的地區，頓卡豆仍被自由地用於烹飪，特別是在法國，人們用 fever tonka 或 tonka fever 來形容這種食材的受歡迎程度。

The ongoing culinary use of tonka beans and their unique flavor profile has led to a re-evaluation of the U.S. law and the research upon which it was based.

東加豆在烹飪中的持續使用及其獨特的風味已導致對美國法律及其研究基礎的重新評估。

While the tonka bean status in the U.S. remains a subject of discussion, it exemplifies the broader public health conversation about food safety, risk, and assessment, and balancing the desire of the culinary world with the potential health implications of certain ingredients.

雖然東加豆在美國的地位仍是一個討論的話題，但它體現了更廣泛的公共衛生話題，即食品安全、風險和評估，以及在烹飪界的願望與某些成分對健康的潛在影響之間取得平衡。

If you made it to the end of the video, chances are that you enjoyed learning what people also ask on Google.

如果你能堅持看完視頻，那麼你很可能喜歡瞭解人們在 Google 上也會問什麼。

But let's face it, reading PAA yourself will be a pain, so here's the deal, I will do the reading for you and upload some fun PAA once a week.

但是面對現實吧，自己閱讀 PAA 會很麻煩，所以這樣吧，我來幫你閱讀，每週上傳一次有趣的 PAA。

All you have to do is to hit the subscribe button and the bell icon, so you won't miss any PAA report that I compile.

您只需點擊訂閱按鈕和鈴鐺圖標，就不會錯過我編寫的任何 PAA 報告。