Right now, you're sitting in an uncomfortable chair at the airport, waiting for your turn to board a Boeing 737 which is going to take you somewhere that you don't even really want to go—probably, like, Houston or something—and about three minutes ago you read a headline that was something along the lines of, "'Boeing Recalls Plane Accidentally Made Out of Wet

現在，你正坐在機場一張不舒服的椅子上，等待著登上一架波音737飛機，這架飛機將帶你去一個你根本不想去的地方--可能是休斯頓之類的地方--大約三分鐘前，你看到了這樣一則標題："'波音召回意外使用溼材料製造的飛機'......"。

Paper," or, "'Boeing Executive Accidentally Reveals Bicep Tattoo That Says, I Love Killing

紙"，或"'波音公司高管意外曝光二頭肌紋身，上面寫著，我愛殺戮

People in Plane Crashes," and it really made you wish you had a parachute on you, and now you're wondering, wait, why aren't there parachutes on planes?

飛機失事中的人們"，它真的讓你希望自己身上有降落傘，現在你會想，等等，為什麼飛機上沒有降落傘？

Shouldn't there be parachutes on planes?

飛機上不是應該有降落傘嗎？

I really wish someone would explain to me why there aren't parachutes on planes, so

我真希望有人能給我解釋一下，為什麼飛機上沒有降落傘，所以

I'm here to put your mind at ease and read you my favorite childhood book, All the Reasons

我是來讓你放心的，我給你讀我兒時最喜歡的書《所有的理由》。

Why It Would Be Really, Really Bad If Commercial Airliners Had Parachutes, explained so thoroughly that this thought will never cross your mind again.

為什麼說如果商用客機有降落傘會非常非常糟糕》，解釋得非常透徹，讓你再也不會有這種想法。

Chapter One—If You Jump Out of a Boeing 737 with a Parachute, You Will Probably, Definitely,

第一章--如果你帶著降落傘從波音 737 飛機上跳下，你可能會，肯定會、

Die.

死吧

So, this first reason is kind of a physics thing, and it has to do with the way that airplanes are built.

第一個原因是物理學上的，與飛機的製造方式有關。

First of all, jump planes and commercial airliners are very different kinds of vehicles.

首先，跳傘飛機和商用客機是截然不同的交通工具。

Like, yes, they're technically both planes, but that's only true in the way that Wendover

是的，從技術上講，它們都是飛機，但這只是在溫多佛

Productions and I are technically both the same person—we all know that that doesn't mean anything.

從技術上講，《製作》和我是同一個人--我們都知道這並不意味著什麼。

Generally, skydiving is done from Cessna 182s, Cessna 208s, Twin Otters, King Airs, or Skyvans—and more often than not, those planes have been modified to make jumping out of them a lot less deadly.

一般來說，跳傘都是從塞斯納 182 型飛機、塞斯納 208 型飛機、雙水獺型飛機、空中國王型飛機或 Skyvans 型飛機上進行的--而且這些飛機通常都經過改裝，跳傘時不會造成太大的傷亡。

They'll have specially designed jump doors, jump steps, all sorts of handles, weight modifications, and, on occasion, extra communications equipment to coordinate with the drop zone, but whatever, that's all safety stuff for nerds.

他們會有專門設計的跳傘門、跳傘臺階、各種把手、重量改裝，有時還會有額外的通信設備與空投區進行協調，但不管怎樣，那都是書呆子的安全問題。

The most important difference between this thing and this thing are speed and altitude.

這個東西和這個東西最重要的區別是速度和高度。

The cruising altitude of your average jump plane is somewhere around 9,000 to 13,000 feet.

一般跳傘飛機的巡航高度約為 9000 至 13000 英尺。

They'd fly higher if they could, because then you'd get to spend more time flailing and screaming, but they can't.

如果可以的話，它們會飛得更高，因為這樣你就有更多的時間揮舞著翅膀尖叫，但它們不能。

These planes are not pressurized—in other words, they're not completely sealed, so the air inside the plane is the same as the air outside the plane.

這些飛機沒有加壓，換句話說，它們不是完全密封的，所以飛機內的空氣和飛機外的空氣是一樣的。

And that's fine at 10,000 feet, but it's very much not fine at 35,000 feet, where you'll find our friend, the commercial airline.

這在 1 萬英尺高空還可以，但在 3.5 萬英尺高空可就不行了，因為我們的朋友--商業航空公司就在那裡。

At this altitude, the air is so thin that you'd only be getting about 20% of the oxygen you'd get at sea level, and the temperature will have dropped to somewhere around negative 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

在這個海拔高度，空氣非常稀薄，你只能得到海平面氧氣的 20%，溫度也會降到華氏負 60 度左右。

Basically, the weather is real bad, and stepping out of a plane at this altitude would, theoretically, suffocate and freeze you to death before you hit the ground.

基本上，天氣真的很糟糕，從這個高度走出飛機，理論上來說，在落地之前就會窒息和凍死。

I say theoretically, because, in all likelihood, you would have died way before you were lucky enough to freeze to death.

我說理論上是這樣，因為很可能在你幸運地凍死之前，你就已經死了。

In reality, even opening the door at this altitude would have created a violent, dangerous vacuum, where all of the air inside the pressurized cabin would be quickly forced out of the plane, along with you, your iPad, and your little bag of pretzels.

實際上，即使在這個高度打開艙門，也會產生劇烈的、危險的真空狀態，加壓機艙內的所有空氣都會迅速被擠出飛機，連同你、你的 iPad 和你的一小袋椒鹽脆餅。

So no, you're not just gracefully leaping from this jet, you are being sucked out of it at neck-breaking speeds, and you'll probably just hit your head on something or get sucked into an engine before you can say, oh no, a dangerous vacuum.

所以，你不是優雅地從噴氣式飛機上一躍而下，而是以令人脖頸發麻的速度被吸出飛機，在你還沒來得及說 "哦，不，是危險的真空 "之前，你很可能會一頭撞上什麼東西，或者被吸進發動機裡。

Number two—parachutes are heavy, and expensive, and complicated, and you don't actually know how they work.

第二，降落傘很重、很貴、很複雜，而且你實際上不知道它們是如何工作的。

Well, hey, you might be thinking, even if jumping out of a plane is dangerous, it wouldn't hurt to give me the option, right?

你可能會想，即使跳傘很危險，給我一個選擇也無妨，不是嗎？

Wrong.

錯了

There are lots of reasons why packing 200 parachutes onto a commercial airplane is actually a very bad idea.

在一架商用飛機上裝載 200 個降落傘實際上是一個非常糟糕的主意，原因有很多。

At the scale that most commercial airlines are operating, every ounce of weight needs to be accounted for and justified.

按照大多數商業航空公司的營運規模，每一盎司的重量都需要計算和證明。

More weight means burning more fuel, more fuel means higher costs, higher costs mean lower margins, and lower margins mean, I don't know, that this group of guys can buy fewer horses or something?

更重意味著燃燒更多的燃料，更多的燃料意味著更高的成本，更高的成本意味著更低的利潤，更低的利潤意味著，我不知道，這群人可以買更少的馬還是什麼？

Just to give you an idea of how expensive jet fuel is, a single extra pillow on board an average commercial flight will cost the airline 5 cents in just fuel for just that flight.

為了讓你瞭解飛機燃油有多昂貴，在一架普通的商業班機上，一個額外的枕頭就會讓航空公司僅在該班機上花費 5 美分的燃油費。

A can of soda might cost another 6 cents, and a single passenger boarding the flight with a full bladder will cost the airline approximately 8 cents.

一罐蘇打水可能要多花 6 美分，而一名乘客在膀胱飽滿的情況下登機，航空公司就要多花大約 8 美分。

Across hundreds of thousands or even millions of flights, these things add up.

在數十萬甚至數百萬次飛行中，這些東西都會累加起來。

That's why you see airlines doing seemingly ridiculous things like shifting to lighter magazines or offering you a blanket so thin that it somehow makes you even colder.

這就是為什麼你會看到航空公司做一些看似荒唐的事情，比如換成輕薄的雜誌，或者給你提供一條薄得讓你更冷的毯子。

But that's also why the emergency devices you do have on board planes, like the inflatable life jackets in your seats, are as small as possible, as light as possible, and crucially, stupidly simple to use.

但也正因為如此，飛機上的應急設備，比如座位上的充氣救生衣，都儘可能小、儘可能輕，最關鍵的是使用起來非常簡單。

They're more or less fail-proof and only take a couple of seconds to put on—unlike a parachute, which is way heavier, way more complicated, and you don't exactly want all 200 of your passengers in a panic trying to teach themselves how to equip and deploy a parachute while your plane is already on fire, because they'll probably end up hurting each other, and very few of them will actually get it right.

降落傘更重、更復雜，你也不希望 200 名乘客在飛機著火的情況下，慌慌張張地自學如何裝備和展開降落傘，因為他們最終很可能會互相傷害，而且很少有人能真正學會。

When US Airways Flight 1549 crashed into the Hudson River, only 33 of the 150 passengers managed to put on a life vest, and of those 33, only 4 actually put it on the right way.

當全美航空公司 1549 號班機墜入哈德遜河時，150 名乘客中只有 33 人成功穿上了救生衣，而在這 33 人中，只有 4 人真正穿對了救生衣。

Those aren't the kind of odds you want to take with a parachute.

你可不想帶著降落傘去冒險。

Like here's a test—everything is on fire.

比如這裡有一個測試--所有東西都著火了。

What does this cord do?

這條線有什麼作用？

If you answered, deploy the primary parachute, you're wrong—I photoshopped it in.

如果你回答 "展開主降落傘"，那你就錯了，我是用照片合成的。

It's an imaginary cord that doesn't do anything, and now you're dead.

這是一根假想的繩子，什麼也做不了，現在你已經死了。

Chapter 3.

第 3 章

Even if all of that stuff I said before wasn't true, which it is, and jumping out of a passenger airliner with a parachute would be survivable, which it isn't, you still shouldn't jump out of a crashing airplane because that's not how airplane crashes work.

即使我之前說的那些話都不是真的（事實的確如此），帶著降落傘從客機上跳下也能活下來（事實並非如此），你還是不應該從墜毀的飛機上跳下，因為飛機失事不是這樣的。

So let's talk about how airplane crashes work—why they happen, when they happen, and what they actually look like.

是以，讓我們來談談飛機失事的原理--為什麼會失事、何時失事以及失事的實際情況。

For a plane to just fall out of the sky, you're talking about some kind of mechanical failure—but mechanical failure being the cause of a crash is actually exceedingly rare.

飛機從空中墜落，可能是某種機械故障，但以機械故障作為墜機原因的情況實際上極為罕見。

Only about 17-20% of crashes happen because the plane stopped working.

只有大約 17-20% 的墜機事故是因為飛機停止了工作。

That's not to say that mechanical failures themselves are rare—they're actually pretty common, and you've probably even been on a plane that had some kind of mechanical failure, but in almost every case, you'll have been saved by the magic of redundancy.

這並不是說機械故障本身很罕見--它們其實很常見，你甚至可能乘坐過發生過某種機械故障的飛機，但幾乎在每種情況下，你都會被冗餘的魔力所拯救。

On commercial airliners, every critical system is going to be at least double or triple redundant—that's means that if it were to fail, there would be two or three completely separate systems that could take over and do its job.

在商用客機上，每一個關鍵系統都至少是雙冗餘或三冗餘的，這意味著如果出現故障，會有兩到三個完全獨立的系統可以接管並完成其工作。

Take for example the tailrider on a Boeing 777.

以波音 777 飛機的尾翼為例。

This part is hooked up to not one, but three different hydraulic systems, and it only needs one of them to run it.

這個部件連接的不是一個，而是三個不同的液壓系統，而且只需要其中一個系統就能運行。

That means you could lose your hydraulics on the entire left and center of your plane, but still pilot it just fine using only the hydraulic system on your right wing.

這意味著您可能會失去飛機左翼和中部的整個液壓系統，但僅靠右翼的液壓系統仍能很好地駕駛飛機。

The same thing goes with flight computers—there are usually three different autopilots all running at once, in case one dies, or is wrong, or becomes evil.

飛行計算機也是如此，通常有三個不同的自動駕駛儀同時運行，以防其中一個死機、出錯或變得邪惡。

And the same even applies for engines—twin-engine jets are designed to fly with just one of their engines if necessary, and can usually glide up to a hundred miles without any engines at all.

甚至發動機也是如此--雙引擎噴氣式飛機在設計上可以在必要時只使用一個發動機飛行，而且通常可以在不使用任何發動機的情況下滑翔達 100 英里。

All that is to say, if your plane crashes, it's probably your pilot's fault.

綜上所述，如果你的飛機墜毀，很可能是飛行員的錯。

And as a result, that concentrates plane crashes in a few specific phases of flight—the phases where pilots have the most control.

是以，飛機墜毀集中在飛行的幾個特定階段--飛行員控制能力最強的階段。

The vast majority of plane crashes happen on either takeoff or landing, due to boring, generally non-lethal things like stalling or losing control on the runway, and only about 5% of accidents occur during cruise when, theoretically, you could have the opportunity to jump out of a plane to freeze or suffocate to death.

絕大多數的飛機失事都發生在起飛或著陸時，原因是在跑道上失速或失控等無聊且通常不致命的事情，只有約 5%的事故發生在巡航時，理論上，你可能有機會跳出飛機被凍死或窒息而死。

But look, don't let me stop you—for some reason the TSA does let you bring a parachute on commercial flights, so if this video didn't manage to convince you, then go ahead and knock yourself out—literally.

但聽著，別讓我阻止你--出於某種原因，運輸安全管理局確實允許你在商業班機上攜帶降落傘，所以，如果這段視頻沒能說服你，那就去吧，把自己打暈--真的。

Now, if you actually want to protect yourself while traveling, then I have a suggestion that will work—you should sign up for our sponsor, NordVPN.

現在，如果您真的想在旅行時保護自己，那麼我有一個可行的建議--您應該註冊我們的贊助商 NordVPN。

For the longest time, I thought of VPNs as being a really specific technical tool that

長期以來，我一直認為 VPN 是一種非常特殊的技術工具，它可以

I'd only need in rare, sketchy circumstances, but lately, I've been traveling a lot.

我只有在極少數情況下才會需要，但最近我經常出差。

And one thing that I've noticed is that Nord has actually made the internet feel so much more seamless and easy to use when out in public or abroad in another country.

我注意到的一點是，在公共場合或在國外另一個國家使用互聯網時，諾德實際上讓人感覺更加順暢和方便。

By connecting through Nord as though I'm at home, I can skip needless security verifications and easily navigate websites that might otherwise be locked to another language or another currency.

通過 Nord 連接，就像在家裡一樣，我可以跳過不必要的安全驗證，輕鬆瀏覽可能被鎖定為另一種語言或另一種貨幣的網站。

And better yet, I'm able to do all of this knowing that my data is safe.

更妙的是，我知道我的數據是安全的，所以我可以做這一切。

When you go to a coffee shop and connect to their wifi network, you're vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks—it's easy to accidentally connect to someone else's computer or a compromised network, and leave all of your banking and personal information out on the table for someone to steal.

當你去咖啡店並連接到他們的 Wifi 網絡時，你很容易受到中間人攻擊--很容易不小心連接到別人的電腦或被入侵的網絡，從而把你的銀行和個人信息暴露在桌面上，讓別人竊取。

But with Nord, your connection is always encrypted, and your data is always safe.

但是，有了諾德，您的連接始終是加密的，您的數據始終是安全的。

If you ever travel or use the internet outside of your home, I can't recommend NordVPN enough—it'll make your experience so much easier and so much safer.

如果您外出旅行或使用互聯網，我非常推薦 NordVPN--它會讓您的體驗更輕鬆、更安全。

By signing up with my link, you'll get a huge discount, and you'll also get four extra months free with a two-year subscription.

通過我的鏈接註冊，您將獲得超低折扣，而且訂閱兩年還可額外獲得四個月的免費服務。

And hey, if you end up not finding any use for it, it's no problem—Nord offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.

而且，如果你最終發現它沒有任何用處，也沒有問題--Nord 提供 30 天退款保證。

Just click the button on screen or follow the link in the description and try Nord today.

只需點擊螢幕上的按鈕或按照說明中的鏈接，今天就可以試用諾德。