It includes understanding three problems invading your speech, the aha moment that immediately will improve your choice of words, and three thinking modifications that brought a verbal freshness and intelligence to my sentences.

它包括瞭解入侵你語言的三個問題，立即改善你的用詞的 "啊哈時刻"，以及為我的句子帶來語言新鮮感和智慧的三個思維修正。

The first problem was my addiction to overusing dead phrases.

第一個問題是我沉迷於過度使用死板的短語。

Dead phrases are phrases and expressions that we use in such a recreational way that they have been stripped of all power in life.

所謂 "死詞組"，是指我們以娛樂方式使用的詞組和表達方式，它們在生活中已經失去了一切力量。

Popular dead phrases include, pursue that avenue, the Achilles heel, secret sauce, to say the least, ins and outs, spill the beans.

流行的 "死詞組 "包括："走那條路"、"致命弱點"、"祕訣"、"至少"、"來龍去脈"、"透露消息"。

We use dead phrases because they save us the time and trouble of hunting for more precise words.

我們使用死板的短語，是因為它們省去了我們尋找更精確詞語的時間和麻煩。

This introduces the first of seven articulacy rules.

這是七條銜接規則中的第一條。

Rule number one, articulacy increases when you practice conscious selection with your words.

第一條規則，當你有意識地選擇詞語時，發音能力就會提高。

If you hastily choose ready-made phrases and gum them together in your sentences like the sections of a prefabricated Ikea table, they didn't indulge your sentence.

如果你匆匆忙忙地選擇現成的短語，然後像宜家預製桌子的各個部分一樣把它們粘在句子裡，那麼他們並沒有放縱你的句子。

Ultimately, you want to learn how to engineer sentences that are fresh, homemade, and excavate that richness and texture that often gets buried beneath dead phrases.

歸根結底，你要學會如何設計出新鮮、自制的句子，挖掘出往往被埋沒在死板短語下的豐富內涵和質感。

The second problem holding me back was my small surface lexicon.

制約我的第二個問題是我的表面詞典太少。

The term lexicon refers to your personal vocabulary.

詞典一詞指的是您的個人詞彙。

Your surface lexicon are those 500 to 1,500 words that your brain unconsciously and effortlessly defaults to when you compose sentences.

你的表層詞彙是你在造句時大腦不自覺地、毫不費力地默認使用的 500 到 1,500 個單詞。

The concert was amazing.

音樂會太棒了。

It was a really good book.

這真是一本好書。

These words you've heard, seen, said so often, they ooze out of your mouth.

這些話你聽過，看過，說過，說得太多了，都從你嘴裡滲出來了。

Beneath your surface lexicon is your deep lexicon.

在你的表層詞典之下是你的深層詞典。

Your deep lexicon is made up of those 20,000 to 35,000 words you recognize but don't use.

你的深層詞典由你認識但不使用的 20,000 至 35,000 個單詞組成。

We know this because you recognize most, if not all, words that articulate speakers use.

我們之所以知道這一點，是因為您能認出大多數（如果不是全部的話）能說會道的人使用的單詞。

Why is it, then, that you struggle to think of those same words in conversation?

那麼，為什麼你在談話中很難想到這些相同的詞語呢？

Because those words don't register in your surface lexicon.

因為這些詞不會出現在你的字典裡。

This introduces the second rule of articulacy.

這就引入了銜接的第二條規則。

Effortless articulacy is limited to the size of your surface lexicon.

不費吹灰之力的表達能力受限於你的表面詞彙量。

This does not mean inflating your surface lexicon with flowery, sophisticated words.

這並不意味著用華麗、複雜的詞語來充實你的表面詞彙。

Articulate speakers recognize that you can use ordinary words and still be articulate.

能說會道的人認識到，你可以使用普通的詞語，但仍然能說會道。

Think of your lexicon as a box of crayons.

把你的詞典想象成一盒蠟筆。

You can easily use a wide color palette to design a vibrant picture, or you can create something profound with just three colors, or choose an uncommon color to substitute for a common one.

你可以輕鬆地使用寬泛的調色板來設計一幅充滿活力的畫面，也可以只用三種顏色就創造出意味深長的作品，或者選擇一種不常見的顏色來替代常見的顏色。

The same is true with your words.

你的話也是如此。

You don't always have to prostitute ordinary words down to obvious and common meanings.

你不一定非要把普通的詞語貶低到顯而易見的普通含義。

The third problem eroding my speaking was thought retention.

侵蝕我口語的第三個問題是思維的保持。

When you can't retain a thought in your mind for longer than 10 seconds, your speech is like a kite, following every new wind current, never climbing high in the sky.

當你無法在頭腦中保持一個想法超過 10 秒鐘時，你的演講就像風箏，只能跟隨每一個新的風流，永遠無法爬上高高的天空。

Articulate speakers are able to hold a thought in their mind as they work to peel away the layers that lead to understanding.

善於表達的人能夠在腦海中牢牢記住一個思想，並努力剝開它的各個層次，從而獲得理解。

You can't grip a thought in your mind.

你無法控制自己的思想。

Your thinking and speaking become superficial and scrambled.

你的思維和言語變得膚淺而雜亂。

This is the third rule of articulacy.

這是銜接的第三條規則。

The longer you engage a thought, the greater depth you achieve with words.

思考的時間越長，文字就越有深度。

These are the three thorns in our tongue that prevent us from producing articulate speech.

這就是我們舌頭上的三根刺，它們阻礙我們口齒清楚地說話。

How did we come to this?

我們是怎麼走到這一步的？

Why do we battle with these issues?

我們為什麼要與這些問題作鬥爭？

One day, I remember asking myself this after a particularly frustrating time of sounding juvenile and vague.

有一天，我記得在經歷了一段聽起來特別稚嫩和含糊不清的沮喪時光後，我這樣問自己。

I went to YouTube and researched the most articulate speakers I could find.

我在 YouTube 上搜索了我能找到的最善於表達的演講者。

It was then that I had an epiphany.

就在那時，我頓悟了。

Was my substandard speech the result of poor language inputs?

我不標準的語言是語言輸入不當造成的嗎？

I asked myself that question and wondered how much would I have to change the sources of language I exposed myself to in order to influence my speech.

我問自己這個問題，並想知道我必須改變我所接觸的語言來源才能影響我的演講。

To understand how my language was potentially being invaded by poor language sources, I began writing down each source of language that I exposed myself to for more than ten minutes a day.

為了瞭解我的語言如何受到不良語言源的潛在入侵，我開始寫下我每天接觸超過十分鐘的每一種語言源。

I rated each on a scale of one to ten on how articulate and intelligent I considered each to be.

我根據每個人的表達能力和智慧程度，用 1 到 10 分給他們打分。

If you want to do this for yourself, you can use this worksheet that's freely linked below.

如果您想自己做，可以使用下面免費鏈接的工作表。

This exercise revealed that I didn't have any language inputs higher than a five, which is approximately the level of articulacy of an average conversation.

這項練習顯示，我的語言輸入沒有超過 5 分的，這大約是普通對話的發音水準。

I quickly realized the fourth rule of articulacy.

我很快就明白了 "口齒伶俐 "的第四條規則。

The quality of your speech is a product of your language environments.

語言品質是語言環境的產物。

The books you read, videos you watch, music you listen to, etch language patterns in your mind that unconsciously are imitated in your speech.

你閱讀的書籍、觀看的視頻、聆聽的音樂，都會在你的腦海中刻下語言模式，並在你的言語中無意識地模仿。

And since most people aren't articulate or thoughtful with their words, you're constantly exposed to high doses of vague, vapid, and oftentimes vulgar language.

由於大多數人不善於表達，說話也不經過深思熟慮，所以你經常會接觸到大量含糊不清、空洞無物的語言，有時甚至是粗俗的語言。

Your surface lexicon is the size that it is because you encounter those 500 to 1500 words daily.

您的表層詞典之所以如此龐大，是因為您每天都會遇到 500 到 1500 個單詞。

When we first learn language as children, we absorb three to five new words every day.

當我們在孩提時代學習語言時，每天都會吸收三到五個新單詞。

By adulthood, it takes a deliberate effort to expose ourselves to new and creative word combinations.

成年後，我們需要刻意去接觸新的、有創意的詞語組合。

In fact, the battle is preventing the shrinking of our surface lexicon.

事實上，這場戰鬥正在防止我們的地表詞典縮小。

Think of your surface lexicon as an expanding and contracting circle.

將您的表面詞典想象成一個不斷擴展和收縮的圓圈。

Interacting with fresh word combinations, such as when you read a book, temporarily expands the radius of that circle to usher in those newfound words.

與新鮮的單詞組合互動，比如當你閱讀一本書時，會暫時擴大這個圈子的半徑，以迎來這些新發現的單詞。

If those words are not put to use, they lose their place within the circle as its nature is to contract to include only your most actively used words.

如果不使用這些詞，它們就會失去在圓圈中的位置，因為圓圈的性質是收縮，只包括你最常用的詞。

This is why great speakers read profusely.

這就是為什麼偉大的演講者會大量閱讀的原因。

It is to keep that language heartbeat pulsing, expanding, and fortifying their surface lexicon.

這是為了保持語言心跳的脈動，擴大和強化他們的表層詞彙。

We can begin to improve our verbal health with the first modification I made to my speaking, the three by five language diet.

我們可以從我對口語做出的第一個改變--三乘五的語言飲食--開始改善我們的語言健康。

This consists of three five-minute sessions for a total of 15 minutes per day focused on enriching your language.

這包括三節 5 分鐘的課程，每天共 15 分鐘，重點是豐富您的語言。

The first five minutes is spent reading an article or book chapter that's at least one level beyond your current average language input.

前五分鐘用來閱讀一篇文章或書籍章節，至少要比你目前的平均語言輸入水準高一個層次。

This exercise will expose you to richer language and help you solve poor thought retention, which is a symptom of constantly fracturing your attention like we do on social media with bite-sized content.

這種練習會讓你接觸到更豐富的語言，並幫助你解決思維保持不佳的問題，而思維保持不佳正是像我們在社交媒體上那樣，不斷用碎片化內容分散注意力的症狀。

You don't know what material to begin with, start with this list.

您不知道從什麼材料開始，那就從這份清單開始吧。

The second five minutes includes reading poetry aloud with the intent of learning rhythm and cadence.

第二個五分鐘包括朗讀詩歌，目的是學習節奏和韻律。

There's a misnomer that articulacy is memorizing the dictionary and vomiting flowery words.

有一種錯誤的說法，認為口才就是背字典、吐花言巧語。

It's not.

不是這樣的。

The fifth rule of articulacy is sentences sound articulate when words flow and fit into eloquent molds.

口齒清楚的第五條規則是，當詞語流暢並符合雄辯的模子時，句子聽起來就會口齒清楚。

If you want to learn to effortlessly fit words together in beautiful and creative ways, your to say beautiful sentences.

如果你想學會毫不費力地將單詞以優美、有創意的方式組合在一起，你就得說優美的句子。

This is precisely why dead phrases are terribly difficult to prune from your speaking.

這就是為什麼死詞句很難從你的口語中刪除的原因。

You're trying to resist engaging a pattern of muscles in your mouth that's been activated a thousand times.

你正試圖抵制口腔中已被激活過無數次的肌肉模式。

It's like trying to change pre-cut lines on a cardboard box.

這就像試圖改變紙板箱上預先切割好的線條。

When you tear the flap, it's expected to seamlessly follow the line and we're trying to tear in a new direction.

當你撕開襟翼時，它應該無縫地順著線撕開，而我們正試圖向一個新的方向撕開。

Recognize that you can create lines for other types of speaking.

認識到可以為其他類型的發言創建臺詞。

That's what reading poetry aloud accomplishes.

這就是朗讀詩歌的意義所在。

Check out this list of poems linked below.

請查看下面鏈接的詩歌列表。

I also have a popular poems playlist available on Spotify.

我還在 Spotify 上提供了一個流行詩歌播放列表。

The final five minutes is spent consciously attuned to the word choice of any podcast or audio book you consume.

最後的五分鐘，你要有意識地關注播客或有聲讀物的用詞。

Ignore the content, the substance of what's being said, and visualize in your mind the words being said.

忽略說話的內容和實質，在腦海中想象所說的話。

This will help you understand the difference between intelligence and eloquence.

這將幫助你理解智慧和口才之間的區別。

Intelligence is the knowledge communicated.

智力是傳播的知識。

Eloquence is how pleasing and persuasive the words sound.

口才是指語言聽起來多麼悅耳動聽，多麼具有說服力。

Here's a list of brilliant speakers who, in my opinion, have an unrivaled command of the English language.

在我看來，他們對英語的駕馭能力無與倫比。

This 3x5 language formula invites the question, how do I use the creative words and phrases I encounter to enrich my speaking?

這個 3x5 語言公式提出了一個問題：我該如何利用我遇到的創造性詞彙和短語來豐富我的口語？

I struggled with this myself and was inspired to build the ultimate tool to accelerate articulacy.

我自己也曾為此苦苦掙扎，是以受到啟發，製作了一個終極工具，以加快語言表達能力。

This tool is called Nounce.

這個工具叫做 Nounce。

Nounce allows you to create a word bank where you're able to log words and phrases that you want to stitch into your surface lexicon.

Nounce 允許你創建一個詞庫，在這裡你可以記錄想要拼接到表面詞典中的單詞和短語。

You can practice retrieving those words from memory and use them in creative ways as you would like to in natural conversation.

您可以練習從記憶中檢索這些單詞，並在自然對話中創造性地使用它們。

Nounce also has a library of popular online speakers that you can learn from.

Nounce 還擁有一個熱門在線發言人資料庫，您可以向他們學習。

If you want to speak with the clarity of Steve Jobs or the eloquence of Martin Luther King Jr., select a speaker and you'll be guided through using their communication structures to develop clear answers automatically.

如果你想要像史蒂夫-喬布斯（Steve Jobs）或馬丁-路德-金（Martin Luther King Jr.

Nounce was built out of a desire to give myself and the viewers of this channel a way of efficiently practicing producing clear and creative speech.

建立 Nounce 的初衷，是為了讓我自己和本頻道的觀眾能夠高效地練習製作清晰、有創意的語音。

Visit nounce.ai to use this tool for free or message me on Twitter if you'd like to be part of our team in helping others build a better world with their words.

請訪問 nounce.ai 免費使用這一工具，如果你願意加入我們的團隊，幫助他人用文字建設一個更美好的世界，請在 Twitter 上給我留言。

The second modification will reduce your dependence on dead phrases.

第二項修改將減少對死詞的依賴。

The reason why we aim to reduce dead phrases is not because they're overused.

我們之所以要減少死詞組，並不是因為它們被過度使用。

It's because they slip us into a state of mental anesthesia where we choose words without serious thought.

這是因為它們會讓我們陷入一種精神麻醉狀態，讓我們不假思索地選擇詞語。

Noises come up from our larynx, our speaking instrument, but our brain is not as involved as if we were selecting the words for ourselves.

聲音從我們的喉嚨（我們說話的工具）發出，但我們的大腦並不像我們自己選擇詞語那樣參與其中。

The only way to gain back full consciousness is to descend past the dead phrase and into the heart of our thought.

要想重新獲得完全的意識，唯一的辦法就是越過死板的語句，進入我們思想的核心。

We accomplish this by increasing the consciousness per sentence.

我們通過提高每個句子的意識來實現這一目標。

Think of a sentence as a mold that is filled with different levels of consciousness.

把句子想象成一個模子，裡面裝滿了不同層次的意識。

The longer you think, the more saturated the words and overall sentence becomes.

思考的時間越長，詞語和整個句子的飽和度就越高。

The more familiar a word or phrase is, the less consciousness is required to use it.

一個詞或短語越熟悉，使用它所需的意識就越少。

Think of all the phrases and words you say automatically.

想想你自動說出的所有短語和單詞。

Because of how little thought is required to use them, they often bruise our sentence with dull, colorless blocks.

由於使用它們不需要太多的思考，是以它們往往會讓我們的句子變得枯燥無味、毫無色彩。

An articulate sentence is one where each block is vibrant and intentional.

一個有條理的句子是每一個語塊都充滿活力和意向性。

Listeners can feel this.

聽眾可以感受到這一點。

We increase our consciousness per sentence by, one, being on guard against dead phrases.

我們提高每句話的意識，一是要警惕死句子。

I've included below this video a list of the common dead phrases that frequently invade our sentences.

我在本視頻下方列出了經常出現在我們句子中的常見死句。

Secondly, before you commit to responding to a question or sharing your opinion, repeat the question or topic aloud.

其次，在承諾回答問題或分享觀點之前，請大聲重複問題或話題。

What do I think about this topic?

我對這個話題有什麼看法？

Why do we do this?

我們為什麼要這樣做？

Because that topic or the way it was phrased is a new or at least an unfamiliar set of words.

因為這個話題或措辭方式是一套新詞，至少是一套陌生的詞。

Hearing those words spoken aloud with your own mouth begins to warm up your conscious mind.

聽到用自己的嘴大聲說出這些話，你的意識就會開始熱起來。

Most of us cold start our speaking engine with a few familiar phrases that we cast out into the soundscape in an attempt to find an opinion worth developing.

我們中的大多數人都會用一些熟悉的短語來啟動我們的說話引擎，我們把這些短語投射到聲音環境中，試圖找到一個值得發展的觀點。

Those phrases include, I don't know, I guess I just like, you know, maybe I should, right?

這些短語包括：我不知道，我想我只是喜歡，你知道，也許我應該，對嗎？

We're not thinking about what we're saying.

我們沒有考慮自己在說什麼。

It's not a bad answer.

這個答案還不錯。

It's just not articulate.

就是不善於表達。

Remember the first rule of articulacy.

請記住銜接的第一條規則。

Articulacy increases when you practice conscious selection of your words.

當你有意識地選擇詞語時，銜接能力就會增強。

This is why pausing before speaking has long been considered a hallmark of articulate speakers.

這就是為什麼說話前停頓一直被認為是能言善辯者的標誌。

They are affording conscious thought to the sentence they're about to produce.

他們在有意識地思考自己將要造出的句子。

The most unconscious part of our sentences is the beginning.

我們的句子中最無意識的部分就是開頭。

The greatest communicators realize that the first few sentences, really the first few words are where we are finding our opinion.

最偉大的傳播者意識到，最初的幾句話，實際上是最初的幾個詞，是我們發現自己觀點的地方。

Finding our opinion is like driving with a frosted windshield.

尋找我們的意見就像在結霜的擋風玻璃上開車。

It's hard to see the road ahead until the windshield is defrosted.

在擋風玻璃解凍之前，很難看清前方的道路。

Only then do you drive straight with confidence.

只有這樣，你才能滿懷信心地直行。

The quickest way to begin warming up our conscious mind is to repeat the topic or question aloud.

開始熱身的最快方法就是大聲重複話題或問題。

The final modification I made was learning the secret of intellectual humility.

我做的最後一項修改是學習知識分子謙遜的祕訣。

This is the brilliant practice of using your speaking weakness to supercharge your responses.

這就是利用你說話的弱點為你的回答加分的絕妙做法。

When we listen to articulate speakers, what we perceive as them being articulate is less often about the precise, eloquent words and more about how they begin their sentences in a way that illustrates that they can creatively navigate challenging situations.

當我們聆聽能言善辯者的演講時，我們所認為的他們能言善辯並不經常是指那些精確、雄辯的詞語，而更多的是指他們如何以一種說明他們能夠創造性地駕馭挑戰性情境的方式開始他們的句子。

Watch this clip from the American film director Orson Welles.

請觀看美國電影導演奧遜-威爾斯（Orson Welles）的片段。

That's a better question than I have an answer for.

這個問題比我能回答的還要好。

Honestly, it is.

老實說，確實如此。

I don't know.

我不知道。

I would want to think about it.

我想考慮一下。

I think my answer would be frivolous and I'd like to think about it.

我想我的回答會很輕浮，我想考慮一下。

It's a worrisome question.

這是一個令人擔憂的問題。

Notice in this clip how candid Orson was about not having a great answer and requiring time to think.

請注意，在這個片段中，奧森是多麼坦率地表示自己沒有很好的答案，需要時間思考。

This is what makes articulate speakers so captivating.

這就是能言善辯者的魅力所在。

Their ability to be forward with their communication needs.

他們能夠主動提出交流需求。

This is the sixth rule of articulacy.

這是銜接的第六條規則。

An admission of limitation is often the most articulate answer.

承認時效往往是最明確的回答。

This single realization takes some people decades to internalize.

有些人需要幾十年的時間才能將這一認識內化。

If you can admit your limitations and be honest and forthcoming with them, you unlock a bulletproof level of confidence that most people will never possess.

如果你能承認自己的侷限性，並坦誠相告，你就能釋放出大多數人永遠無法擁有的無懈可擊的自信。

There are two steps that have helped me cultivate this intellectual humility.

有兩個步驟幫助我培養了這種知識上的謙遜。

One is identifying your main communication insecurity.

一是找出你在溝通方面的主要不安全感。

These are the eight common insecurities we encounter when speaking.

這就是我們在演講時常見的八種不安全感。

I'll share mine with you.

我將與你們分享我的經驗。

I understand that I don't think quickly and require time to process information before I compose an answer.

我知道我的思維速度不快，需要時間來處理資訊，然後才能寫出答案。

The quality of sentence I deliver after 10 seconds of thought is far more articulate than my instantaneous answer.

我經過 10 秒鐘思考後說出的句子的品質要比我的即時回答更有說服力。

How do I communicate this when I speak?

我在發言時如何傳達這一點？

Once you've identified your insecurity, find the right combination of words that allows you to articulate that weakness.

一旦你找到了自己的不安全感，就可以找到合適的詞語組合，讓你把這個弱點表達出來。

What I often say is some variation of, give me a moment to process that.

我經常說的是 "給我點時間處理一下"。

If you're like me, you might know the weakness that you do battle with, but you lack the right words that would give you the confidence to commit to sharing that weakness.

如果你和我一樣，可能知道自己的弱點，但卻缺乏合適的話語，讓你沒有信心去分享這個弱點。

Many of us would be far more assertive in our communication if we simply had the right verbal runway for the answers that we would like to give.

如果我們能有正確的語言表達方式來回答我們想要的答案，那麼我們中的許多人在交流中就會自信得多。

To help you with this, for each of those eight speaking insecurities, I've assembled the creative phrases and responses that world-renowned communicators have used in interviews and interviews.

為了幫助你解決這個問題，針對這八種說話不自信，我分別收集了世界知名溝通者在採訪和麵試中使用過的創意短語和應對方法。

These phrases are not intended to devolve into a dead phrase.

這些短語並不是要淪為一句死話。

We use them only for the purpose of having alternative ways of articulating our thoughts instead of being locked into just responding.

我們使用它們的目的只是為了有其他方式來表達我們的想法，而不是侷限於一味地迴應。