Name: 12 年級詩歌：威廉-莎士比亞的《十四行詩 130 (Grade 12 Poetry: 'Sonnet 130' by William Shakespeare)
Uploaded: 2024-06-11T12:16:10.000Z
Duration: 13 min 34 s

未來完成式

Hi everyone, the following presentation is on William Shakespeare's Sonnet 130. This is the first poem on the list of the new poetry for English home language. Please keep an eye out for more content that I will upload on the new poems that have been set for 2023 and the next few years to come.

大家好，下面介紹的是威廉-莎士比亞的《十四行詩 130》。這是英語母語新詩列表中的第一首詩。請繼續關注我將上傳的有關 2023 年及未來幾年新詩的更多內容。

Before we start analysing the poem, let us quickly contemplate some of the physical beauty ideals found on social media today. The reason why I mention this will make sense in a moment.

在開始分析這首詩之前，讓我們先快速思考一下當今社交媒體上的一些身體美學理想。我之所以提到這一點，稍後就會明白。

Some of these ideals can include a curvy but fit body, flawless skin, full eyebrows, extended eyelashes, high cheekbones, a small nose, full lips and white straight teeth. I'd like you to ask yourself whether these ideals of physical beauty are actually realistic. Can the average woman, without a filter, naturally have all of these features? Most probably not.

其中一些理想包括：曲線優美而健美的身材、完美無瑕的皮膚、濃密的眉毛、濃密的睫毛、高聳的顴骨、小巧的鼻子、豐滿的嘴脣和潔白整齊的牙齒。我想請你捫心自問一下，這些外貌美的理想是否真的現實。普通女性在沒有濾鏡的情況下，能自然而然地擁有這些特徵嗎？很可能不可能。

The reason why I brought up beauty ideals in today's society is because during Shakespeare's time, the Elizabethan era, there were also certain ideals of beauty that were deemed desirable. These included soft blonde or red hair, a very high forehead, pale white skin, shiny blue eyes, rosy cheeks and red lips. In this poem, Sonnet 130, Shakespeare satirises or mocks his fellow Petrarchan poets of the time. They wrote sonnets that described their partners in highly exaggerated and unrealistic ways.

我之所以提出當今社會的審美理想，是因為在莎士比亞時代，也就是伊麗莎白時代，也有一些審美理想被認為是可取的。這些理想包括柔軟的金髮或紅髮、高高的額頭、白皙的皮膚、閃亮的藍眼睛、紅潤的臉頰和紅脣。在第 130 首十四行詩中，莎士比亞諷刺或嘲笑了當時的彼特拉克派詩人。他們寫的十四行詩以非常誇張和不切實際的方式描述他們的伴侶。

My mistress's eyes are nothing like the sun. Coral is far more red than her lips' red.

我情婦的眼睛和太陽完全不一樣。珊瑚色比她嘴脣的紅色更紅。

If snow be white, why then her breasts are done? If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damasked red and white, but no such roses see I in her

如果雪是白色的，為什麼她的乳房會是白色的？如果頭髮是線，她的頭上就會長出黑色的線。我見過紅白相間的玫瑰，但在她身上看不到這樣的玫瑰。

And in some perfumes is there more delight than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.

有些香水比我的女主人散發出的氣息更讓人心曠神怡。

I love to hear her speak, yet well I know that music hath a far more pleasing sound.

我喜歡聽她說話，但我知道音樂的聲音更悅耳動聽。

I grant I never saw a goddess go. My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. And yet by heaven I think my love as rare as any she belied with false compare.

我承認我從未見過女神離開。我的女主人，當她走路的時候，踩在地上。然而，我認為我的愛情和她用虛假的比較來欺騙的愛情一樣稀有。

In summary, the speaker uses a series of anti-compliments to describe his beloved. What initially sounds like insults are in fact compliments. He may seem judgmental and rude, but we soon realise that he is actually sincere in his love for his beloved. In the last two lines of the poem, he states that because she is normal and real, he does not need to exaggerate her beauty or his love for her. He loves her just the way she is, and she is perfect to him.

總之，演講者用了一系列反褒義詞來描述他的夫妻。最初聽起來像是侮辱，實際上卻是讚美。他看似評頭論足、粗魯無禮，但我們很快就會意識到，他對夫妻的愛其實是真誠的。在詩的最後兩行，他說因為她是正常的、真實的，所以他不需要誇大她的美或他對她的愛。他愛的就是她的樣子，她對他來說就是完美的。

Shakespeare's refusal to use the hyperbolic language that was popular at the time to describe his beloved ironically emphasises her true beauty as a person.

莎士比亞拒絕使用當時流行的誇張語言來描述他的夫妻，諷刺地強調了她作為一個人的真正美。

In the first line of the poem, the speaker states his mistress's eyes are nothing like the sun. Here we have a simile. This is a negative simile because the speaker says her eyes are not as bright as the sun. The second line reads Coral is far more red than her lips is red. The word coral here refers to the stony coloured structures in the ocean that are sometimes bright red in colour. The speaker states that coral is far more red than her lips. This here is a metaphor in which the speaker states that his lover's lips are not as red as the coral in the ocean.

在這首詩的第一行，說話者說他的情婦的眼睛和太陽完全不一樣。這是一個比喻句。這是一個否定的比喻，因為說話者說她的眼睛不像太陽那樣明亮。第二行寫道："珊瑚比她的嘴脣更紅"。這裡的珊瑚指的是海洋中的石質結構，有時呈鮮紅色。說話者說珊瑚比她的嘴脣紅得多。這是一個比喻，說話者說他夫妻的嘴脣沒有海洋中的珊瑚紅。

Line three says if snow be white, why then her breasts are done. The word breasts here does not necessarily refer to the lady's chest area, but rather her skin. The speaker describes her skin as done, which simply means that her skin is a dull brownish colour.

第三行寫道，如果雪是白色的，那麼她的乳房為什麼是白色的。這裡的乳房並不一定是指女士的胸部，而是指她的皮膚。說話者形容她的皮膚是 "做 "過的，意思是她的皮膚是暗淡的褐色。

This line also contains a metaphor in which his lover's skin is compared to snow. Rather than being white as snow, her skin is brown in colour. During the Elizabethan era, the ideal Elizabethan woman had very pale skin. Pale skin was a symbol of nobility as the wealthy would not have to work outside in the fields and become tanned from the sun.

這句詩還包含一個比喻，將他夫妻的皮膚比作雪。她的皮膚不是像雪一樣白，而是棕色的。在伊麗莎白時代，理想中的伊麗莎白女性皮膚非常白。蒼白的皮膚是高貴的象徵，因為富人不必在田間勞作，也不會被太陽晒黑。

In line four, the speaker states of his lover's hair that black wires grow on her head. We have a metaphor here in which the speaker compares his lover's hair to black wires.

在第四行中，說話人提到他夫妻的頭髮時說，她的頭上長著黑色的電線。這裡有一個隱喻，說話人將夫妻的頭髮比作黑色的電線。

Rather than having soft blonde or light red hair, which was deemed beautiful at the time, she has dark and frizzy hair. An interesting fact is that products such as bleach and lemon juice were used to lighten women's hair in the Elizabethan era. Some women even went as far as shaving their heads and wearing glamorous wigs.

她的頭髮不是當時被視為美麗的柔順金髮或淺紅色，而是烏黑而捲曲。一個有趣的事實是，在伊麗莎白時代，漂白劑和檸檬汁等產品被用來美白女性的頭髮。有些婦女甚至剃光頭，戴上迷人的假髮。

In line five, the speaker says he has seen roses damasked red and white. The word damasked means decorated with a pattern. In other words, he has seen roses with petals that have red and white patterns. However, in line six, the speaker states, but no such roses see

在第五行中，說話人說他見過紅白錦緞玫瑰。damasked 一詞的意思是用花紋裝飾。換句話說，他見過花瓣上有紅白花紋的玫瑰。但是，在第六行中，說話人說："但是沒有看到過這樣的玫瑰。

I in her cheeks. In other words, his beloved's cheeks are not rosy. In this metaphor, the speaker compares his lover's cheeks to red and white patterned roses, saying that her cheeks are not like these roses at all. In lines seven and eight, the speaker says, and in some perfumes is there more delight than in the breath that from mine mistress reeks. In this metaphor, the speaker compares his lover's breath to perfume, saying that perfume smells more pleasant than her breath. Note the word reeks. In our understanding of the word today, if something reeks, it has a terrible smell. However, in Shakespearean times the word had a more neutral meaning. In this context, the word refers not necessarily to something that stinks, but rather to the general idea of exhaling or of a smell being emitted. In other words, the breath emitted from the speaker's beloved is just not as lovely as perfume. In lines nine and 10, the speaker says, I love to hear her speak, yet well I know that music hath a far more pleasing sound. In this metaphor, the speaker compares his lover's voice to music, saying that even though he loves to hear her voice, it is not as pleasing as listening to the sound of music. In lines 11 and 12, the speaker states,

我在她的臉頰上。換句話說，他夫妻的臉頰並不紅潤。在這個比喻中，說話人將夫妻的臉頰比作紅白花紋的玫瑰，說她的臉頰根本不像這些玫瑰。在第七和第八行中，說話人說："有些香水比我的情婦散發出的氣息更令人心曠神怡。在這個比喻中，說話人將他夫妻的呼吸比作香水，說香水比她的呼吸聞起來更舒服。請注意reeks這個詞。按照我們今天對這個詞的理解，"臭氣熏天 "指的是氣味難聞。然而，在莎士比亞時代，這個詞的含義更為中性。在這裡，這個詞不一定指發臭的東西，而是指呼氣或散發氣味的一般意思。換句話說，說話人心愛的人散發出的氣息並不

I grant I never saw a goddess go. My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. The word grant means to admit, and the word go means to walk. The metaphor in these two lines is that the speaker mentions that his lover merely walks like an ordinary human being, rather than floating gracefully as a goddess might. Lines 13 and 14 form the rhyming couplet of the sonnet. The speaker concludes the poem by stating, and yet by heaven, I think my love as rare as any she belied with false compare. The words and yet signify the vulture or the turn in the poem, where the speaker will make his point. By heaven is like the expression I swear to God. I think my love, the speaker's beloved, is as rare, meaning unique, special or worthy as any she or woman belied with false compare. Belied means to show something to be false or untrue. False compare simply means flattered or praised with false comparisons. In simple English, the speaker says, I swear to God, I think my lover is as unique as any woman who has been praised with exaggerated and false comparisons.

我承認我從未見過女神離開。我的女主人，當她行走時，她踩在地上。grant 的意思是承認，go 的意思是行走。這兩行的隱喻是，說話人提到他的情人只是像普通人一樣行走，而不是像女神一樣優雅地飄浮。第 13 和 14 行構成十四行詩的押韻對仗。在詩歌的結尾，作者寫道："然而，我認為我的愛情與她用虛假的比較所掩蓋的任何愛情一樣稀有。然而 "一詞表示詩中的禿鷲或轉折，說話者將在此表達自己的觀點。天道酬勤 "就像 "我對天發誓"。我認為我的夫妻，即說話者的夫妻，與任何被虛假比較所掩蓋的她或女人一樣稀有，意思是獨一無二

Unlike others who write sonnets, the speaker didn't need extravagant expressions or fancy comparisons. He can just tell his beloved, plainly and simply, that he loves her for who she is.

與其他寫十四行詩的人不同，作者不需要奢華的表達或華麗的對比。他只需簡單明瞭地告訴他的夫妻，他愛她的真面目。

Let's recap the commentary Shakespeare was making. Shakespeare cleverly makes use of

讓我們回顧一下莎士比亞的評論。莎士比亞巧妙地運用了

Elizabethan beauty ideals while deliberately challenging them. He does this by subtly mocking the traditional metaphors used by poets during the Elizabethan period. The couplet undoes the potential damage done to his reader's faith and confirms that he does indeed love his mistress after the insults he makes in the previous 12 lines. The couplet insists that love does not need these deceptions in order to be real and that women do not need to look like flowers or like the sun to be considered beautiful.

伊麗莎白時代的美學理想，同時故意挑戰這些理想。為此，他巧妙地嘲諷了伊麗莎白時期詩人使用的傳統隱喻。這副對聯消除了讀者對他的信仰可能造成的傷害，並證實了他在前 12 行中對情婦的侮辱之後，確實愛著情婦。這副對聯堅持認為，愛情不需要這些欺騙才是真實的，女人不需要長得像花朵或像太陽才被認為是美麗的。

Let's take a look at the form and structure of a Shakespearean sonnet. Note the rhyme scheme of this poem on the right hand side. A Shakespearean sonnet follows a rhyme scheme pattern of A B A B C D C D E F E F G G. A Shakespearean sonnet is made up of 14 lines, three quatrains or three stanzas of four lines each and a final rhyming couplet or the last two rhyming lines of the poem. The turn or the volta occurs in the rhyming couplet in which the tone and the ideas in the poem shift. In this sonnet the first 12 lines seemed like the speaker was insulting his beloved, but the turn in the rhyming couplet made it clear that he was actually complimenting her. The poem is written using the iambic pentameter rhythm. Please keep an eye out for a video in which I explain rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter.

讓我們來看看莎士比亞十四行詩的形式和結構。請注意右側這首詩的韻律。莎士比亞十四行詩的韻律模式為 A B A B C D C D E F E F G G。莎士比亞十四行詩由 14 行、三節四行詩或每節四行的三節詩以及最後的押韻對聯或詩歌的最後兩句押韻詩組成。轉折或volta 出現在押韻的對句中，詩歌的基調和思想在其中發生了轉變。在這首十四行詩中，前 12 行似乎是說者在侮辱他的夫妻，但韻律對仗中的轉折清楚地表明他實際上是在讚美她。這首詩使用的是抑揚五拍節奏。請留意我解釋押韻和抑揚格的視頻。

Remember that tone in literature refers to the poet or the writer's attitude or feelings.

請記住，文學作品中的語氣指的是詩人或作家的態度或感情。

In this poem we can say that Shakespeare's tone is satirical, humorous and mocking. He mocks the exaggerated comparisons used by poets writing love poems at the time. However, his tone changes or shifts in the couplet. His tone becomes honest, down to earth, appreciative and accepting.

在這首詩中，我們可以說莎士比亞的基調是諷刺、幽默和嘲弄。他嘲諷了當時寫愛情詩的詩人所使用的誇張的對比手法。然而，他的語氣在這一聯中發生了變化或轉變。他的語氣變得真誠、樸實、欣賞和接受。

Thank you for watching this presentation on William Shakespeare's Sonnet 130. My goal is to upload more grade 12 poetry from the new set of poems, so please subscribe to my

感謝您收看威廉-莎士比亞的《十四行詩 130》。我的目標是上傳更多新詩集中的 12 年級詩歌，請訂閱我的

 YouTube channel and give my Instagram and TikTok accounts a follow for more English content.

YouTube 頻道，並關注我的 Instagram 和 TikTok 賬戶，獲取更多英語內容。