Hi, I'm Danielle Dufault and you're watching Animalogic. The mola mola, or oceanic sunfish, is the largest bony fish in the world, weighing between 200 and 1000 kilos and measuring up to 1.8 metres long and 2.5 metres tall.

大家好，我是丹妮爾-杜福，您正在收看的是《動物世界》。mola mola，又稱海洋太陽魚，是世界上最大的硬骨魚，體重在 200 到 1000 公斤之間，長達 1.8 米，高 2.5 米。

Some extreme cases have found especially giant mola molas weighing over 2 metric tons and measuring over 4 metres tall.

在一些極端情況下，人們發現了特別巨大的莫拉莫拉魚，其重量超過 2 公噸，身高超過 4 米。

This massive size makes them almost immune to predators.

巨大的體型使它們幾乎不受捕食者的攻擊。

The only creatures daring enough to take them on are sharks, orcas, sea lions, and of course, us humans. Sea lions have been known to hunt mola mola, seemingly just for fun.

只有鯊魚、虎鯨、海獅，當然還有我們人類，才敢對它們下手。眾所周知，海獅捕食莫拉莫拉似乎只是為了好玩。

They'll tear off their fins, throw them around, and when they've eaten enough or gotten bored, they'll leave the mola mola to sink to the bottom of the ocean and die.

它們會撕下貽貝的鰭，把它們扔來扔去，當它們吃飽或吃膩了，就會讓貽貝沉入海底死去。

Some evidence shows that mola molas have very little in terms of pain receptors, or at the very least, don't seem to respond to an attack.

一些證據表明，莫拉莫拉魚的痛覺感受器很小，或者至少在受到攻擊時似乎沒有反應。

Seals and other animals have been observed snacking bites out of them, and they don't seem to have a care in the world.

據觀察，海豹和其他動物都會咬一口，而它們似乎毫不在乎。

They just carry on with that vacant stare. Mola molas can be found in warm and temperate waters around the globe, tolerating waters as cold as 2 degrees Celsius.

它們只是繼續空洞地注視著。莫拉莫拉魚分佈在全球溫暖和溫帶水域，能忍受攝氏 2 度的低溫。

When they get too cold, they swim to the water's surface to warm up by sunbathing.

太冷時，它們會游到水面晒太陽取暖。

When you think prehistoric animals, one common theme probably comes to mind: Giant!

提到史前動物，您可能會想到一個共同的主題：巨人

Interestingly enough, mola mola are members of the Molidae family, which, despite their prehistoric-looking giant size, might have you believe, are actually one of the youngest fish families in the ocean, appearing roughly 50 million years later than most modern fish. For years, mola mola were believed to be plankton, as they were thought to be too slow to move independently.

有趣的是，鯔魚屬於鯔科，儘管它們看起來像史前巨獸，但你可能會相信，它們實際上是海洋中最年輕的魚類家族之一，比大多數現代魚類大約晚出現 5000 萬年。多年來，人們一直認為莫拉魚是浮游生物，因為它們的速度太慢，無法獨立移動。

I don't think evolution or phylogeny was too understood at the time.

我認為當時人們還不太瞭解進化論或系統進化論。

But more recently, they've been discovered to be...

但最近，人們發現它們...

not speedy swimmers.

不是游泳健將

What's the word I'm looking for?

我要找的詞是什麼？

Swimmers.

游泳運動員

Just swimmers.

只是游泳。

They have been documented reaching the breathtaking top speed of 3 kilometers an hour.

據記錄，它們的最高時速可達 3 公里，令人歎為觀止。

While that might seem slow, it's fast enough to give them the momentum they need to launch themselves out of the water. To get around, they have a pseudotail, called a clavus, which instead of being formed by the typical caudal fin, is formed by elements of their anal and dorsal fins, and functions much like a rudder.

雖然這看起來很慢，但其速度足以為它們提供衝出水面所需的動力。為了四處遊動，它們有一個被稱為 "爪 "的假尾，這個假尾不是由典型的尾鰭形成的，而是由它們的臀鰭和背鰭組成的，功能很像方向舵。

They have four teeth, which are fused together, that form a sort of beak, which they can never quite fully close.

它們有四顆牙齒，融合在一起，形成一種喙，但永遠無法完全閉合。

Their throats are lined with pharyngeal teeth, which they use to shred and grind sea jellies, salps, ctenophores, and Portuguese man o' war that they eat. Juvenile mola molas are much less picky eaters and will essentially eat anything that they can catch.

它們的喉嚨長有咽齒，用來撕碎和磨碎海蜇、鮭魚、櫛水母和葡萄牙戰俘。幼年的莫拉莫拉魚就不那麼挑食了，它們基本上什麼都吃。

This diet of creatures that look like billowing plastic bags has led to a serious problem for the mola mola: actual plastic bags.

這種以看起來像波浪狀塑膠袋的生物為食的現象，給 mola mola 帶來了一個嚴重的問題：真正的塑膠袋。

As we keep using the oceans as our personal garbage bins, more and more mola mola are accidentally eating plastic bags, which, to a two-ton behemoth with the brain the size of a walnut, look a lot like their regular dinner of sea jellies.

隨著我們不斷把海洋當作個人垃圾桶，越來越多的海鰩誤食了塑膠袋，而對於一個重達兩噸、大腦只有核桃大小的龐然大物來說，塑膠袋看起來就像它們平時的晚餐--海蜇。

The bags will either clog their gills and suffocate them or get caught in their digestive system and slowly kill them from the inside. Mola mola are very docile creatures and pose no threat to humans, except maybe size envy.

這些袋子要麼會堵住它們的鰓，使它們窒息，要麼會卡住它們的消化系統，慢慢地從內部殺死它們。莫拉莫拉（Mola mola）是一種非常溫順的生物，對人類不構成任何威脅，也許除了嫉妒它們的體型。

Though there have been some reported cases of mola mola jumping onto fishing boats, which can be dangerous due to their massive size.

不過也有一些關於烏拉烏拉跳上漁船的報道，由於它們體型巨大，跳上漁船可能很危險。

In 1998, a cement carrier ship, the MV Goliath, arrived at the Sydney harbour with a mola mola impaled on its bow.

1998 年，一艘名為 "MV Goliath "的水泥運輸船抵達悉尼港時，船頭被刺穿了一條 mola mola。

The fish was so large that it slowed the ship's cruising speed from 14 to 11 knots. Being so large, their scaleless, mucus-covered bodies can be home to up to 40 kinds of parasites.

這條魚非常大，使船的巡航速度從 14 海里減慢到 11 海里。由於體型巨大，它們無鱗、覆蓋著粘液的身體裡可能寄生著多達 40 種寄生蟲。

Because of this, they form symbiotic relationships with kelp and half-moon fish, which feed on their parasites.

是以，它們與海帶和半月形魚類形成共生關係，後者以它們的寄生蟲為食。

When those aren't enough, mola mola will swim to the surface and float horizontally for seabirds to feast on their parasites.

如果這些還不夠，莫拉莫拉會游到海面，水準漂浮，讓海鳥捕食它們的寄生蟲。

These parasites offer some interesting insights into their interspecies associations.

這些寄生蟲讓我們對它們的種間關係有了一些有趣的瞭解。

One of the common mola mola parasites is the larval stage of a shark tapeworm.

常見的莫拉莫拉寄生蟲之一是鯊魚絛蟲的幼蟲階段。

Meaning that the tapeworm will grow inside the mola mola with the hope that it'll one day be eaten by a shark, where it can reproduce and then start the whole process over again. Mola mola are caught primarily as bycatch but are a delicacy in East Asia, with their guts being sold as dragon intestines.

也就是說，絛蟲會在鯖魚體內生長，希望有一天被鯊魚吃掉，然後在鯊魚體內繁殖，重新開始整個過程。鯖魚主要作為副漁獲物捕獲，但在東亞卻是一種美味佳餚，其內臟可作為龍腸出售。

Some scientists believe their guts are poisonous, which is why they're illegal to consume in the EU, while others believe they aren't, thus their popularity in Asia.

一些科學家認為它們的內臟有毒，是以在歐盟食用它們是非法的，而另一些科學家則認為它們沒有毒，是以它們在亞洲很受歡迎。

Could use a bit more research. Mola mola lay more eggs than any other vertebrate, laying up to 300 million in one go.

可以多做一些研究。莫拉莫拉魚的產卵量比其他脊椎動物都多，一次可產卵 3 億枚。

When they hatch, they're about the size of a pinhead and resemble their cousins, the pufferfish.

孵化出來的河豚只有針頭大小，外形酷似它們的表親河豚。

Though instead of spikes, they're protected by a star-shaped cover. What animal should I check out next?

不過，保護它們的不是尖刺，而是星形罩。下一步我該去看看什麼動物？

Please let me know in the comments, and be sure to subscribe for new episodes of Animalogic every other week.

請在評論中告訴我，並確保每隔一週訂閱新一期的《動物志》。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！