In Austria, it looks like this.

在奧地利，情況是這樣的。

In Belgium, it looks like this.

在比利時，情況是這樣的。

Slightly different shades of blue, but basically the same.

藍色的深淺略有不同，但基本相同。

India's looks like this, Mauritius' looks like this, in a few countries there are these cute white borders, Japan's looks like this, slightly different angle but basically the same.

印度的看起來像這樣，模裡西斯的看起來像這樣，在一些國家還有這些可愛的白色邊框，日本的看起來像這樣，角度略有不同，但基本相同。

Pretty much every country in the world has universally decided that the sign for no stopping is a blue circle, outlined in red, with a red X through it.

世界上幾乎所有國家都一致認為，"禁止停車 "的標誌是一個藍色的圓圈，用紅色勾勒，中間有一個紅色的 "X"。

In the United States, the sign for no stopping looks like this, and it's not the only example.

在美國，禁止停車的標誌是這樣的，而且這不是唯一的例子。

Most countries' sign for speed limits looks like this, the US's looks like this.

大多數國家的限速標誌是這樣的，美國是這樣的。

And how about the sign for road narrows?

那道路變窄的標誌呢？

The rest of the world, America.

世界其他地方，美國。

The list goes on.

這樣的例子不勝枚舉。

The question is, why?

問題是，為什麼？

In a technical sense, the car was invented in 1886 in Germany by a guy named Karl Benz, but in a patriotic sense, the car was invented in 1908 in Detroit, Michigan by a guy named

從技術意義上講，汽車是由一個叫卡爾-本茨的人於 1886 年在德國發明的，但從愛國意義上講，汽車是由一個叫

Henry Ford.

亨利-福特

Henry Ford loved two things—being anti-Semitic, and producing cars at a scale and at cost that made them an actual, viable means of transportation for people, as opposed to previous car models that were essentially just novelties.

亨利-福特喜歡兩件事：一是反猶太，二是以一定的規模和成本生產汽車，使其成為人們實際可行的交通工具，而不是以前那些基本上只是新奇玩意的汽車型號。

Soon, its manufacturing dominance turned the United States of America into the car capital of the world, which soon also made it into the road capital of the world—a fact that everyone thought was great and continues to think is great and has generated no controversy or existential urbanist crises whatsoever.

很快，美國在製造業方面的優勢使其成為世界汽車之都，也使其很快成為世界公路之都--所有人都認為這是一個偉大的事實，並繼續認為這是一個偉大的事實，而且沒有引起任何爭議或存在城市主義危機。

Early road signs, much like early roads, were somewhat eclectic and decentralized, often just created by and maintained by private automobile clubs.

早期的路標就像早期的道路一樣，有些不拘一格和分散，通常只是由私人汽車俱樂部製作和維護。

But in 1927, the American Association of State Highway Officials, or ASCHU, published a compactly named Manual and Specifications for the Manufacture, Display, and Erection of U.S. Standard Road

但在 1927 年，美國州公路官員協會（ASCHU）出版了一本名為《美國標準公路製造、展示和安裝手冊和規範》的簡明手冊。

Markers and Signs, or Mass.

標記和標誌，或 Mass.

Modemursum, which, as you might suspect, created specifications for the manufacture, display, and erection of U.S. standard road markers and signs.

Modemursum，正如你所猜測的那樣，它為美國標準路標和標誌的製造、展示和豎立制定了規範。

Then, in 1930, a different group, the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety, or

1930 年，一個不同的組織--全國街道和公路安全會議（或稱

NUCSUS, published the more urban-focused Manual on Street Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings, or MOSTSAM.

NUCSUS 出版了更側重於城市的《街道交通標誌、信號和標線手冊》（MOSTSAM）。

Seeing as having two standardization standards wasn't a particularly standardized standard, in 1931, a joint committee was formed, which ultimately gave birth to a beautiful bouncing baby boy that we call the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, a modified version of which we still use today.

鑑於有兩個標準化標準並不是一個特別標準化的標準，1931 年，一個聯合委員會成立，最終誕生了一個活蹦亂跳的漂亮小男孩，我們稱之為《統一交通控制設備手冊》，其修改版至今仍在使用。

The original 1935 MCCUD laid out such hits as the octagonal stop sign, although it was yellow at the time, one-way streets, railroad crossings, in addition to specifying stuff like fonts, post designs, and of course, everyone's favorite, minimum vehicular volumes warranted for fixed time signals.

最初的 1935 年 MCCUD 規定了八角形停車標誌（雖然當時是黃色的）、單行道、鐵路道口等，此外還規定了字體、柱子設計等內容，當然還有大家最喜歡的固定時間信號燈所需的最小車輛流量。

Now it's 1951, and what's that sound I hear?

現在是 1951 年，我聽到了什麼聲音？

Oh man, it's the rest of the world, and guess what, they have cars now.

哦，天哪，這是世界其他地方，你猜怎麼著，他們現在有車了。

What's that other sound I hear?

我聽到的另一種聲音是什麼？

Oh man, it's the newly formed and not-yet-notoriously-ineffective United Nations, and they want to develop a worldwide standard for road signs so that people driving in foreign countries don't see a sign saying railroad crossing, not know what that means, and then get pancaked into oblivion by Thomas and Friends.

哦，天哪，這是新成立的、還沒出名的、效率低下的聯合國，他們想制定一個世界性的路標標準，這樣在外國開車的人就不會看到 "鐵路道口 "的標誌，卻不知道那是什麼意思，然後被《托馬斯和朋友們》砸得稀巴爛。

So the UN set up an experiment in a few countries and five US locations—Ohio State Route 104 near Columbus, US Route 250, and Virginia State Route 53 near Charlottesville, Minnesota

是以，聯合國在幾個國家和美國的五個地點--哥倫布附近的俄亥俄州 104 號國道、美國 250 號國道和明尼蘇達州夏洛茨維爾附近的弗吉尼亞州 53 號國道--進行了一項實驗。

State Highway 101 near Minneapolis, and some various other roads in New York—where they displayed road signs from a number of different countries to see which were most effective.

在明尼阿波利斯附近的 101 號州立公路和紐約的一些其他道路上，他們展示了來自不同國家的路標，看看哪些路標最有效。

And not surprisingly, it turned out that Americans, still riding the intoxicating high of World

毫不奇怪，美國人仍然沉浸在 "世界記憶日 "的喜悅中。

War II propaganda and American exceptionalism, did not take kindly to European-looking triangles telling them how to drive.

在二戰宣傳和美國例外論的影響下，美國人並不喜歡由歐洲人來告訴他們如何開車。

Let's take a look at this gem of an article from the Mansfield News Journal titled,

讓我們來看看《曼斯菲爾德新聞報》的這篇文章，它的標題是：《曼斯菲爾德新聞報》、

Ohioans Tell Europe to Leave Its Signs, which includes such quotes as,

俄亥俄州人讓歐洲留下標誌》（Ohioans Tell Europe to Leave Its Signs），其中包括以下引文、

I just don't see why we have to take any advice from Europe about our highway signs, and if I saw a Russian sign, I certainly wouldn't pay any attention to it.

我只是不明白為什麼我們的高速公路標誌要聽從歐洲的建議，如果我看到俄羅斯的標誌，我肯定不會理睬它。

Nonetheless, the experiment continued, data was collected, and ultimately that data would later grow into the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals—a C-tier Vienna convention that created a universal road sign system, which has been joined by 69 countries and today governs the road signs seen in most of the world.

儘管如此，實驗仍在繼續，數據也被收集起來，最終這些數據演變成了 1968 年的《維也納路標和信號公約》--一項創立了通用路標系統的 C 級維也納公約，至今已有 69 個國家加入了該公約，並對世界上大多數國家的路標進行了規範。

It's the reason that all the no-stopping signs look the same.

這就是所有禁停標誌看起來都一樣的原因。

But adding to their long, illustrious history of spearheading international treaties that they then refused to sign, the United States refused to sign it.

但是，美國長期以來一直帶頭簽署國際條約，但隨後又拒絕簽署，美國拒絕簽署國際條約的歷史更加輝煌。

Why?

為什麼？

Well there are several reasons.

原因有幾個。

First off, America is number one and nobody tells us what to do, least of all our own federal government.

首先，美國是頭號大國，沒有人可以對我們指手畫腳，尤其是我們自己的聯邦政府。

See, technically, legally, roads are under the purview of the states, not the federal government, and so the federal government signing a treaty telling them how to handle their roads is a bit legally murky—although apparently not that murky, seeing as the 1966

從技術上講，從法律上講，道路屬於各州而不是聯邦政府的管轄範圍，是以聯邦政府簽署一項條約，告訴各州如何處理他們的道路，在法律上有點模糊不清--不過顯然沒有那麼模糊不清，因為 1966 年

Highway Safety Act was able to force all states into compliance with the Mutt Kid using a clever little constitutional workaround called extortion, threatening to pull 10% of their federal highway funding if states didn't comply.

公路安全法》採用了一種被稱為 "敲詐 "的巧妙的憲法小變通，威脅說如果各州不遵守，將取消其聯邦公路資金的 10%，從而迫使所有州遵守《馬特小子》法案。

Second, at the time of the treaty, the US was starting to work on what would ultimately become the interstate highway system, which they felt would require a lot of breathless, fast-paced innovation in the rough-and-tumble world of road signage, and they didn't want to be bogged down by the strictures of a treaty.

其次，在簽訂條約時，美國正在著手建立最終會成為州際公路系統的公路系統，他們認為這將需要在道路標誌的粗獷世界中進行大量令人窒息的快節奏創新，他們不想被條約的嚴格規定所束縛。

And third, given that the US had the most robust vermin history in the world, Americans were pretty attached to their existing signs, and they didn't much want them to change.

第三，鑑於美國擁有世界上最強大的害蟲歷史，美國人對現有的標誌非常重視，他們不太希望這些標誌有所改變。

This was proven in the 1970s, when the Mutt Kid tried implementing the Vienna Convention's focus on image-based instead of America's more text-based signs, which turned out to be a terrible failure, with drivers so confused about what things like this meant that we felt we needed to add back in the text explaining that the thing in front of them was a drawbridge, not a sick ramp for kids.

這一點在 20 世紀 70 年代就得到了證明，當時 "馬特小子 "試圖執行《維也納公約》中注重影像而非美國更注重文字的標誌，結果慘遭失敗，司機們搞不清楚這樣的東西是什麼意思，以至於我們覺得有必要在後面加上文字，解釋他們面前的東西是一座吊橋，而不是給孩子們用的病態斜坡。

In 1978, the Mutt Kid quietly removed its language about preferring image-based signs.

1978 年，"Mutt Kid "悄然刪除了關於偏愛形象標誌的措辭。

I should also mention that yes, there are a number of other countries that haven't joined the Vienna Convention, including China, Canada, Australia, and Ethiopia, so yes, not all other countries' signs look the same, so all the people with comments already typed up about how this video is too US-centric and I'm a self-obsessed egoist American road sign file, you know what, actually go for it, it increases common engagement.

我還要提一下，是的，還有很多其他國家沒有加入《維也納公約》，包括中國、加拿大、澳洲和衣索匹亞，所以是的，並不是所有其他國家的路標看起來都是一樣的，所以所有已經打出評論說這個視頻太以美國為中心、我是個自戀的自我主義美國路標檔案的人，你們知道嗎，其實去做吧，這能增加共同參與。

If you think back to a time when you really struggled to learn something, chances are you were reading a big block of text and hoping the concept it described just clicked.

如果你回想一下，在你真正努力學習某樣東西的時候，你很有可能是在讀一大段文字，希望它所描述的概念能讓你一目瞭然。

Meanwhile, if you think of a time when you learned something easily, it was almost certainly an instance of learning by doing.

與此同時，如果你想起自己曾經輕鬆學會的東西，那幾乎可以肯定就是 "做中學 "的例子。

Learning concepts in practice is just the better way, which is why it's so crazy that many of the coolest, most interesting things to know are so often taught in such a challenging manner.

在實踐中學習概念是更好的方法，這就是為什麼許多最酷、最有趣的知識往往是以如此具有挑戰性的方式傳授的原因。

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我們的贊助商 Brilliant 就能解決這個問題。

They have courses on big STEM subjects like statistics, logic, astrophysics, machine learning, and more, and you can tell that they really focus on quality.

他們開設了統計學、邏輯學、天體物理學、機器學習等大型 STEM 學科課程，可以看出他們非常注重質量。

They've taken their time to design each course for the average person—they start with fundamental, intuitive principles and use interactive, hands-on exercises to build knowledge up until suddenly you actually understand how neural networks work, for example.

他們花了很多時間為普通人設計每門課程--從最基本、最直觀的原理開始，通過互動、動手練習來積累知識，直到你突然真正理解神經網絡的工作原理。

It's just a more productive, more satisfying, better way to learn, and having a better understanding of these subjects can help anyone, whether they're in school or working in any field.

這只是一種更有成效、更令人滿意、更好的學習方式，而更好地理解這些主題可以幫助任何人，無論他們是在學校還是在任何領域工作。

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點擊螢幕上的按鈕或訪問 brilliant.org.hai，前 200 名用戶即可享受 Brilliant 年度高級訂閱八折優惠。