From Iran to Ukraine, this is the era of cheap drone warfare.

從伊朗到烏克蘭，這是一個廉價無人機戰爭的時代。

Kiev endured an aerial assault by Russian drones.

基輔遭受了俄羅斯無人機的空襲。

The Kremlin seeing the biggest drone attack yet inside Russia.

克里姆林宮目睹了俄羅斯境內迄今為止最大規模的無人機襲擊。

Missiles, drones, a barrage of attacks in the Red Sea.

飛彈、無人機、對紅海的一系列攻擊。

Iran has started a direct attack on Israel by launching dozens of drones.

伊朗發射了數十架無人機，開始直接攻擊以色列。

Drones have changed the landscape of war.

無人機改變了戰爭的格局。

It's like the AK-47 of 21st century warfare.

它就像 21 世紀戰爭中的 AK-47 步槍。

They're a feature of the modern battlefield, mostly because they're so inexpensive and easy to make.

它們是現代戰場的一大特色，主要是因為它們價格低廉，易於製造。

And many of these drones can be traced back to Iran, a country under strict international sanctions.

其中許多無人機可以追溯到伊朗，一個受到嚴格國際制裁的國家。

So how are drones changing the economics of warfare?

那麼，無人機是如何改變戰爭經濟學的呢？

This attack was a direct response to something that happened on the 1st of April when Israel bombed a building close to the Iranian embassy in Damascus.

這次襲擊是對 4 月 1 日發生的事情的直接回應，當時以色列轟炸了伊朗駐大馬士革大使館附近的一座建築。

There were some very senior Iranian generals in that building who died in that attack.

大樓裡有一些伊朗高級將領在襲擊中喪生。

The Iranians had to respond.

伊朗人不得不做出迴應。

These were designed to overwhelm Israeli defenses while a separate battery of missiles were following at a distance.

這些飛彈旨在摧毀以色列的防禦系統，而另外一組飛彈則在遠處跟蹤。

So if everything had gone to plan, the missiles would have been able to penetrate those defenses.

是以，如果一切按計劃進行，飛彈就能穿透這些防禦系統。

We've never seen a swarm this big.

我們從沒見過這麼大的蜂群。

Scores all set off at the same time.

所有得分同時出發。

And it could be a game changer in the way war is conducted.

它可能會改變戰爭的進行方式。

Asymmetry is often what decides a conflict.

不對稱往往是衝突的決定因素。

It's effectively when one side is more powerful than the other.

當一方比另一方更強大時，它就會有效。

Historically, at least in the modern history of warfare, every technological advance has come from the technologically superior military power.

從歷史上看，至少在現代戰爭史上，每一次技術進步都來自技術上佔優勢的軍事強國。

So the most powerful countries got more powerful and the gap between them and the rest widened.

是以，最強大的國家變得更加強大，它們與其他國家之間的差距拉大了。

To address this kind of mismatch, the weaker power seeks a way to catch up.

為了解決這種不匹配問題，弱國會想方設法迎頭趕上。

An asymmetrical tool.

不對稱工具

Drone warfare is a way to close the capability gap and it's a way to diffuse power.

無人機戰爭是縮小能力差距的一種方式，也是分散力量的一種方式。

Drones come in a full spectrum.

無人機種類繁多。

Most of the drones that we're using in the West, like the Reaper drone, which has been somewhat the iconic drone that we've used since 9-11, which cost in the region of $30 million.

我們在西方使用的大多數無人機，如 "死神 "無人機，自 "9-11 "事件以來一直是我們使用的標誌性無人機。

At the other end of the spectrum are the drones we saw over the weekend.

另一端是我們在週末看到的無人機。

They are what are called kamikaze drones.

它們就是所謂的神風特攻隊無人機。

All they do is carry a payload of explosives and they ram into a target and blow up.

它們所做的就是攜帶有效載荷的炸藥，然後撞向目標並爆炸。

In military circles, they're called lawnmowers on wings.

在軍事領域，它們被稱為帶翅膀的割草機。

People are saying that the Shahi drone is Iran's AK-47 because it is extremely versatile and can be produced in high quantity at low cost.

人們說 Shahi 無人機是伊朗的 AK-47，因為它用途極為廣泛，而且可以低成本大量生產。

Now we entered into the next phase of drone warfare, which is low-tech drones at large quantities.

現在，我們進入了無人機戰爭的下一階段，即大量使用低技術無人機。

The main Iranian drone company is called Shahed Aviation Industries, which the U.S. says is a subsidiary of the Revolutionary Guards.

伊朗主要的無人機公司名為沙赫德航空工業公司，美國稱該公司是革命衛隊的子公司。

They have been using scores and scores of small companies to circumvent sanctions.

他們一直在利用幾十家小公司來規避制裁。

They have their own smuggling networks globally where they can get their hands on any sort of component part that they need.

他們在全球擁有自己的走私網絡，可以弄到他們需要的任何零部件。

Shahed drones can be found in Syria, Russia, Ethiopia, Tajikistan and Venezuela.

在敘利亞、俄羅斯、衣索匹亞、塔吉克斯坦和委內瑞拉都能找到 Shahed 無人機。

The Shahed-136 is the best known.

沙赫德-136 是最著名的一種。

It carries up to 50 kilograms of explosives and has a range of up to 2,500 kilometers, which lets Iran strike targets within Israel without needing to use proxy forces in Lebanon,

它可攜帶多達 50 公斤的炸藥，射程達 2 500 公里，這使伊朗無需使用黎巴嫩的代理部隊就能打擊以色列境內的目標、

Gaza and elsewhere.

加沙和其他地方。

This is where the economic consideration comes in.

這就是經濟方面的考慮。

They cost anywhere between $20,000 and $50,000.

它們的價格在 2 萬至 5 萬美元之間。

Others are even cheaper, as little as $1,000.

還有一些更便宜，只要 1 000 美元。

Each missile the Israelis were using cost in the region of hundreds of thousands of dollars, if not millions of dollars.

以色列人使用的每枚飛彈的成本都在數十萬美元甚至數百萬美元左右。

America and Israel together probably spent around $1.5 billion in defending against the

美國和以色列為抵禦 "伊斯蘭國 "的襲擊共花費了約 15 億美元。

Shahed drones, while the Shahed drones all put together probably cost the Iranians in the region of something like $3 million.

沙赫德無人機，而所有沙赫德無人機加在一起可能花費了伊朗人大約 300 萬美元。

You can drain your enemies' military budgets by them having to restock their air defences at a very high cost.

你可以消耗敵人的軍事預算，讓他們不得不以極高的成本重新補給防空物資。

If Iran didn't have these drones and these missiles, it would have to send jet fighters over long distances in order to attack Israel.

如果伊朗沒有這些無人機和飛彈，它就不得不派出噴氣式戰鬥機遠距離攻擊以色列。

If Israel shot down those jet fighters, that would be a huge blow for Iran.

如果以色列擊落了這些噴氣式戰鬥機，那將是對伊朗的巨大打擊。

Iran's proxy in Yemen, the Houthis, have already managed to clog up trade in the Red

伊朗在葉門的代理人胡塞武裝已經成功地阻斷了紅海地區的貿易。

Sea with the threat of drones and inexpensive but accurate missiles.

在無人機和廉價但精確的飛彈威脅下的海洋。

Drones have changed the war in Ukraine too.

無人機也改變了烏克蘭的戰爭。

Cheap, consumer, mainly Chinese, models have been adapted to drop explosives on multimillion-dollar tanks.

廉價的消費型（主要是中國製造）已被改裝成向價值數百萬美元的坦克投擲炸藥。

And more sophisticated drones have been used to great effect against the Russian Navy.

更先進的無人機在對付俄羅斯海軍時發揮了巨大作用。

Those drones have been key in Ukraine's ability to destroy quite a large part of Russia's naval fleet in the Black Sea.

烏克蘭之所以能在黑海摧毀俄羅斯海軍艦隊的很大一部分，這些無人機功不可沒。

The U.S. military has leaned increasingly on fewer but more sophisticated and more expensive weapons systems.

美軍越來越倚重數量更少但更先進、更昂貴的武器系統。

All of this is provoking big rethinks about how to kit out modern armies.

所有這些都引發了對如何裝備現代軍隊的重大反思。

Over time, we need to find a better way to defend against these drones at lower cost.

隨著時間的推移，我們需要找到一種更好的方法，以更低的成本抵禦這些無人機。

We know that the U.S. has been developing weapons to counter the threat of drones.

我們知道，美國一直在研發武器來應對無人機的威脅。

Lasers, the use of anti-aircraft weapons, the German anti-aircraft weapons have been very effective in Ukraine, for instance.

例如，脈衝光、防空武器的使用，德國的防空武器在烏克蘭就非常有效。

But there's a big economic challenge here too.

但這也是一個巨大的經濟挑戰。

For the defense industry, it's more profitable to rely on the multibillion-dollar research and development of sophisticated platforms where you only sell one or two or three of.

對於國防工業來說，依靠耗資數十億美元的尖端平臺研發，而只銷售一種或兩三種平臺，利潤會更高。

In other words, big defense companies don't consider cheap drones an attractive business proposition.

換句話說，大型國防公司並不認為廉價無人機是一個有吸引力的商業主張。

To change that thinking, governments would need to provide defense companies with the motivation to build the tech.

要改變這種想法，政府需要為國防公司提供研發技術的動力。

I think what is needed is an incentive and a push to say we need more platforms at cheaper cost and use them in a networked way.

我認為現在需要的是一種激勵和推動，即我們需要更多成本更低的平臺，並以聯網的方式使用它們。

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欲瞭解更多聯合國視頻，請訪問 www.un.org