Name: 只要 20 小時就能學會任何事 - 喬許．考夫曼 (Josh Kaufman) 在 TEDxCSU (只要 20 小時就能學會任何事 - 喬許．考夫曼 (Josh Kaufman) 在 TEDxCSU)
Uploaded: 2024-05-28T02:19:15.000Z
Duration: 19 min 27 s

過去簡單式

兩年前，我的生活發生了翻天覆地的變化。

My wife, Kelsey, and I welcomed our daughter, Lila, into the world.

我和妻子凱爾西迎來了我們的女兒萊拉。

Now, becoming a parent is an amazing, amazing experience.

現在，為人父母是一種奇妙的體驗。

Your whole world changes overnight, and all of your priorities change immediately, so fast that it makes it really difficult to process sometimes.

一夜之間，你的整個世界都變了，你所有的優先事項都會立即改變，速度之快，有時真的讓人難以接受。

Now, you also have to learn a tremendous amount about being a parent, like, for example, how to dress your child.

現在，你還必須學習大量為人父母的知識，比如，如何給孩子穿衣服。

And even Lila knows that it's not a good idea.

就連萊拉也知道這不是個好主意。

So there was so much to learn and so much craziness all at once.

是以，要學的東西太多了，一下子就有這麼多瘋狂的事情。

And to add to the craziness, Kelsey and I both work from home.

更瘋狂的是，凱爾西和我都在家工作。

So Kelsey develops courses online for yoga teachers.

是以，凱爾西為瑜伽教師開發了在線課程。

We have an infant, and we're trying to make sure that everything gets done that needs done, and life is really, really, really busy.

我們有一個嬰兒，我們要確保把該做的事情都做完，生活真的非常、非常、非常忙碌。

And a couple weeks into this amazing experience, when the sleep deprivation really kicked in, like around week eight, I had this thought, and it was the same thought that parents across the ages, internationally, everybody has had this thought, which is, I am never going to have free time ever again.

在這段奇妙的經歷開始的幾周後，當睡眠不足真正開始的時候，大概是第八週的時候，我有了這樣的想法，這也是古今中外的父母們都有過的想法，每個人都有過這樣的想法，那就是，我再也不會有空閒時間了。

It's not exactly true, but it feels really, really true in that moment.

這並不完全正確，但在那一刻，感覺真的非常非常真實。

And this was really disconcerting to me because one of the things that I enjoy more than anything else is learning new things, getting curious about something, and diving in, and fiddling around, and learning through trial and error, and eventually becoming pretty good at something.

這讓我感到非常不安，因為我最喜歡做的事情之一就是學習新事物，對某件事情充滿好奇，潛心鑽研，四處摸索，通過不斷嘗試和犯錯來學習，最終變得非常擅長某件事情。

And without this free time, I didn't know how I was ever going to do that ever again.

如果沒有這些空閒時間，我不知道以後還能怎麼做。

And so what I decided to do was go to the library, and go to the bookstore, and look at what research says about how we learn, and how we learn quickly.

於是，我決定去圖書館，去書店，看看關於我們如何學習、如何快速學習的研究成果。

And trying to answer this question, how long does it take to acquire a new skill?

要回答這個問題，掌握一項新技能需要多長時間？

If you want to learn something new, if you want to be good at it, it's going to take 10,000 hours to get there.

如果你想學習新知識，如果你想成為一個優秀的人，你需要花費一萬個小時才能達到這個目標。

And I read this in book after book, and website after website.

我在一本又一本書和一個又一個網站上讀到了這些內容。

And my mental experience of reading all of this stuff was like, no.

我讀這些東西的心理感受是，不。

I am never going to be able to learn anything new ever again.

So 10,000 hours, just to give you a rough order of magnitude, 10,000 hours is a full-time job for five years.

是以，10,000 個小時，只是給你一個粗略的數量級，10,000 個小時就是五年的全職工作。

And we've all had the experience of learning something new, and it didn't take us anywhere close to that amount of time, right?

我們都有過學習新知識的經歷，但花的時間並沒有那麼長，對嗎？

There's something kind of funky going on here.

But the research says, and what we expect and have experience is, they don't match up.

但研究表明，我們的預期和經驗是，它們並不一致。

The 10,000-hour rule came out of studies of expert-level performance.

10,000 小時規則源於對專家級表現的研究。

There was a professor at Florida State University, his name is K. Anders Erickson.

佛羅里達州立大學有一位教授，名叫 K. 安德斯-埃裡克森。

He's the originator of the 10,000-hour rule.

他是 "一萬小時定律 "的創始人。

And where that came from is he studied professional athletes, world-class musicians, chess grandmasters, all of these ultra-competitive folks in ultra-high-performing fields, and he tried to figure out, how long does it take to get to the top of those kinds of fields?

他研究了職業運動員、世界級音樂家、國際象棋大師，所有這些在超高水準領域競爭激烈的人，並試圖弄清楚，要達到這些領域的頂峰需要多長時間？

And what he found is, the more deliberate practice, the more time that those individuals spent practicing the elements, whatever it is that they do, the more time you spend, the better you get.

他的發現是，這些人越是刻意練習，越是花時間練習這些元素，不管他們做的是什麼，花的時間越多，效果就越好。

And the folks at the tippy-top of their fields put in around 10,000 hours of practice.

而那些在各自領域處於頂端的人，則需要花費大約 10,000 個小時進行練習。

Now, we were talking about the game of telephone a little bit earlier.

An author by the name of Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book in 2007 called Outliers, the

馬爾科姆-格拉德威爾（Malcolm Gladwell）是一位作家，他在 2007 年寫了一本名為《離群者》（Outliers）的書。

And the centerpiece of that book was the 10,000-hour rule.

這本書的核心內容就是 "一萬小時定律"。

Practice a lot, practice well, and you will do extremely well.

多練、善練，你就會做得非常好。

So the message, what Dr. Erickson was actually saying is, it takes 10,000 hours to get to the top of an ultra-competitive field in a very narrow subject.

是以，埃裡克森博士實際上是在說，在一個競爭異常激烈的領域，在一個非常狹窄的學科，要想達到頂峰，需要一萬個小時。

Ever since Outliers came out, immediately came out, reached the top of the bestseller list, stayed there for three solid months, all of a sudden, the 10,000-hour rule was everywhere.

自從《離經叛道者》一問世，立刻登上暢銷書排行榜榜首，並在榜上停留了整整三個月，突然之間，"一萬小時定律 "就無處不在了。

And a society-wide game of telephone started to be played.

So this message, it takes 10,000 hours to reach the top of an ultra-competitive field, became it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert at something, which became it takes 10,000 hours to become good at something, which became it takes 10,000 hours to learn something.

是以，"在競爭異常激烈的領域達到巔峰需要一萬個小時 "這句話，變成了 "成為某方面的專家需要一萬個小時"，變成了 "成為某方面的專家需要一萬個小時"，變成了 "學習某方面的知識需要一萬個小時"。

But that last statement, it takes 10,000 hours to learn something, it's not true.

但最後那句 "要花一萬個小時才能學到東西 "的說法並不正確。

So what the research actually says, if I spent a lot of time here at the CSU library in the cognitive psychology stacks, because I'm a geek, and when you actually look at the studies of skill acquisition, you see over and over and over a graph like this.

是以，如果我花很多時間在加州大學圖書館的認知心理學書庫裡，因為我是個怪胎，當你真正去看技能習得的研究時，你會看到一遍又一遍這樣的圖表。

Now researchers, whether they're studying a motor skill, something you do physically or a mental skill, they like to study things that they can time, because you can quantify that, right?

現在的研究人員，無論研究的是運動技能、身體動作還是心理技能，都喜歡研究可以計時的東西，因為可以量化，對吧？

So they'll give research participants a little task, something that requires physical arrangement or something that requires learning a little mental trick, and they'll time how long a participant takes to complete the skill.

是以，他們會給研究參與者佈置一個小任務，需要體力上的安排，或者需要學習一點腦力技巧，然後他們會計算參與者完成這項技能所需的時間。

When you start, so when researchers gave participants a task, it took them a really long time, because it was new and they were horrible.

開始時，當研究人員給參與者佈置任務時，他們花了很長時間，因為這是新任務，而且他們很害怕。

With a little bit of practice, they get better and better and better, and that early part of practice is really, really efficient.

只要稍加練習，他們就會變得越來越好，練習的早期階段真的非常高效。

People get good at things with just a little bit of practice.

只要稍加練習，人們就會變得很優秀。

Now what's interesting to note is that if, you know, we don't really, for skills that we want to learn for ourselves, we don't care so much about time, right?

現在，值得注意的是，如果你知道，我們並不是真的想為自己學習技能，我們就不會太在意時間，對嗎？

We just care about how good we are, whatever good happens to me.

我們只關心自己有多優秀，不管我有多優秀。

So if we relabel performance time to how good you are, the graph flips, and you get this famous and widely known, this is the learning curve.

是以，如果我們將績效時間重新標註為你有多優秀，圖表就會翻轉，你就會得到這個著名的、廣為人知的學習曲線。

And the story of the learning curve is when you start, you're grossly incompetent and you know it, right?

學習曲線的故事是，當你開始學習時，你非常不稱職，你知道這一點，對嗎？

With a little bit of practice, you get really good really quick, so that early level of improvement is really fast.

只要稍加練習，你就能很快達到很好的水準，所以早期水準的提高是非常快的。

And then at a certain point, you reach a plateau, and the subsequent gains become much harder to get.

然後到了一定程度，你就會達到一個高原，隨後的收益就會變得更加難以獲得。

現在我的問題是，我想要那個，對嗎？

How long does it take from starting something and being grossly incompetent and knowing it to being reasonably good in hopefully a shorter period of time as possible?

從開始做一件事，到完全不稱職，再到知道這件事，再到希望在儘可能短的時間內做得相當好，需要多長時間？

You can go from knowing nothing about any skill that you can think of.

你可以從對任何技能的一無所知，變成你能想到的任何技能。

Want to learn how to juggle flaming chainsaws?

想學習如何耍弄燃燒的電鋸嗎？

If you put 20 hours of focused, deliberate practice into that thing, you will be astounded, astounded at how good you are.

如果你在這方面投入 20 個小時的專注、深思熟慮的練習，你就會對自己的能力大吃一驚。

That's about 45 minutes a day for about a month.

每天大約 45 分鐘，持續大約一個月。

Even skipping a couple days here and there.

Twenty hours isn't that hard to accumulate.

Now there's a method to doing this, because it's not like you can just start fiddling around for about 20 hours and expect these massive improvements.

要做到這一點是有方法的，因為這並不是說你隨便擺弄 20 個小時就能獲得巨大進步的。

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只要 20 小時就能學會任何事 - 喬許．考夫曼 (Josh Kaufman) 在 TEDxCSU (只要 20 小時就能學會任何事 - 喬許．考夫曼 (Josh Kaufman) 在 TEDxCSU)

process

bunch

mental

awesome