Name: 瞭解積載和隔離 (UNDERSTANDING STOWAGE AND SEGREGATION)
Uploaded: 2024-05-28T00:40:13.000Z
Duration: 16 min 15 s

副詞型分詞構句

It's essential to recognise the importance of correct stowage and segregation of incompatible dangerous goods. The concern is always leakage or escape of dangerous goods due to damaged or inadequate packaging, or when poorly stowed cargo moves with vessels' motion. This can cause injury or illness to crew and passengers if stowed near the accommodation. Incompatible dangerous goods could also react with each other, possibly resulting in a catastrophic accident such as a fire.

必須認識到正確裝載和隔離不相容危險品的重要性。危險品的洩漏或逃逸始終是令人擔憂的問題，其原因是包裝損壞或包裝不當，或者貨物裝載不當會隨著船舶的移動而移動。如果貨物堆放在船艙附近，可能會導致船員和乘客受傷或生病。不相容的危險品之間也會發生反應，可能導致火災等災難性事故。

The IMDG Code details specific stowage and segregation requirements by the use of codes and references in columns 16a and 16b of the Dangerous Goods List.

國際海運危險品規則》在危險品清單第 16a 和 16b 欄中使用代碼和參考資料詳細說明了具體的積載和隔離要求。

關係子句

There are also more general segregation requirements based on hazard classes in a segregation table that can be found in Part 7, Chapter 2. Before we look at stowage, handling and segregation in more detail, it is important to understand that the ship's design will restrict where certain classes of dangerous goods can be stowed.

在第 7 部分第 2 章的隔離表中，還根據危險等級提出了更一般的隔離要求。在詳細瞭解積載、處理和隔離之前，我們必須明白，船舶的設計會限制某些類別危險品的積載位置。

This is due to the hazards presented and the availability of systems to deal with any emergency. Ships that have cargo spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods must carry a document of compliance, which certifies that the ship meets SOLAS requirements for these cargoes.

這是由於危險的存在和處理任何緊急情況的系統的可用性。有貨艙用於裝載危險品的船舶必須攜帶合規文件，證明船舶符合《國際海上人命安全公約》對這些貨物的要求。

The annex or schedule to this document specifies the restrictions for their stowage within the cargo area. This usually comes in the form of a matrix that allows the cargo officer to determine which hazard class can be stowed where.

該文件的附件或附表規定了在貨區內裝載這些物品的限制。這通常以矩陣的形式出現，讓貨運官員確定哪種危險等級的物品可以存放在哪裡。

Dangerous goods classifications are entered in the rows of the table.

在表格的各行中輸入危險品分類。

Numbers representing cargo spaces are entered in the columns.

在各欄中輸入代表貨位的數字。

The number of the cargo space is indicated in a simple diagram of the ship and refers to a cargo hold or deck cargo stowage area. The table shown is typical and is populated with either the letter P for permitted or X for not permitted. Alternatively, the words yes and no may be used. Now that we understand the matrix in principle, let's try an exercise. Is it permitted to place a cargo with the following hazard class in hold number 7? How did you get on? The correct answer is no. The hazard label indicates that the cargo contains dangerous goods with hazard class 4.2. By entering the matrix, we see that these are not permitted in hold number 7 or 8, but would be acceptable in any other cargo space. We've just considered stowage based upon the limitations imposed by the ship. Now let's look at the stowage requirements based on the dangerous goods list. If there are any particular stowage requirements, these will be shown in column 16a of the dangerous goods list, which will contain alphanumeric codes that can be used to reference any particular stowage requirement.

貨艙的編號顯示在一張簡單的船舶示意圖上，指的是貨艙或甲板貨物堆放區。所示表格為典型表格，其中字母 P 代表允許，X 代表不允許。或者，也可以使用 "是 "和 "否"。既然我們已經瞭解了矩陣的原理，那麼我們來做個練習。是否允許將以下危險等級的貨物放入 7 號貨艙？你是怎麼做的？正確答案是否定的。危險標籤顯示，該貨物包含危險等級為 4.2 的危險品。通過輸入矩陣，我們可以看到這些貨物不允許放在 7 號或 8 號貨艙，但可以放在任何其他貨艙。我們剛剛考慮了基於船舶限制的積載問題。現在我們來看看根據危險品清單提出

There are three different codes that could be displayed. It may be a stowage category code. These codes specify whether goods can be stowed on deck or under deck, under what conditions and the particular requirements if passengers are carried.

可以顯示三種不同的代碼。可能是積載類別代碼。這些代碼規定了貨物可以堆放在甲板上還是甲板下，在什麼條件下以及如果載客的特殊要求。

The codes are either letters A to E for all hazard classes except hazard class 1, or numbers 1 to 5 for explosives. It may be a stowage code consisting of SW followed by 1 or 2 numbers.

除危險等級 1 外，所有危險等級的代碼均為字母 A 至 E，爆炸物的代碼為數字 1 至 5。也可以是由 SW 和 1 或 2 個數字組成的裝載代碼。

These codes refer to descriptions of very specific stowage requirements. They may include ventilation requirements or additional safety precautions.

這些代碼是對非常具體的裝載要求的描述。它們可能包括通風要求或額外的安全預防措施。

It may also be a handling code, consisting of H followed by a single digit. This code refers to the conditions under which the consignment of dangerous goods is transported.

也可以是裝卸代碼，由 H 和一個數字組成。該代碼指的是託運危險品的運輸條件。

Now that we know what codes we may find, let's try an exercise. Use the dangerous goods list to determine the stowage category, stowage codes and handling codes of UN1386 Seed Cake.

既然我們已經知道可能會找到哪些代碼，那就來做個練習。使用危險品清單確定 UN1386 種子餅的積載類別、積載代碼和裝卸代碼。

Click the arrow when you are ready to proceed. What information did you find? If you got stowage category E, stowage codes SW1 and SW25 and handling code H1, congratulations!

準備好後點擊箭頭。您找到了哪些資訊？如果您找到了積載類別 E、積載代碼 SW1 和 SW25 以及裝卸代碼 H1，那麼恭喜您！

You got the right answer. You can now use the dangerous goods list. If you got a different answer, try the exercise again to make sure you understand how to use the dangerous goods list.

你得到了正確答案。現在您可以使用危險品清單了。如果您得到的答案不同，請再做一次練習，以確保您瞭解如何使用危險品清單。

We've just looked at the document of compliance and column 16a of the dangerous goods list, which identifies where and under what conditions dangerous goods can be stowed.

我們剛剛看了合規文件和危險品清單的第 16a 欄，其中確定了危險品的存放地點和條件。

Now let's consider column 16b of the dangerous goods list. This may display 1 or 2 alphanumeric codes that refer to specific segregation requirements based on a particular substance.

現在我們來看看危險品清單的第 16b 欄。這一欄可能會顯示 1 或 2 個字母數字代碼，這些代碼指的是基於特定物質的具體隔離要求。

A segregation group consisting of SGG followed by 1 or 2 numbers classifies substances into groups having similar chemical properties. A segregation code consisting of SG followed by 1 or 2 numbers refers to the segregation requirement from other segregation groups.

由 SGG 和 1 或 2 個數字組成的隔離組將物質劃分為具有相似化學性質的組別。由 SG 和 1 或 2 個數字組成的隔離代碼是指與其他隔離組的隔離要求。

You can find more information in part 7, chapter 2.

更多資訊請參見第 7 部分第 2 章。

Now that we know what we're looking for, let's try an exercise. Use the dangerous goods list to determine the segregation group and segregation codes for UN1824, sodium hydroxide solution. Click the arrow when you are ready to proceed.

既然知道了要找什麼，那我們就來做個練習。使用危險品清單確定 UN1824（氫氧化鈉溶液）的隔離類別和隔離代碼。準備好後點擊箭頭。

Did you get SGG18 and SG35? If you did, well done. If you got something different, try the exercise again.

你拿到 SGG18 和 SG35 了嗎？如果是，那就做得好。如果您得到了不同的結果，請再試一次。

Now that we have the segregation code for UN1824, sodium hydroxide solution, let's see how we can use it to determine segregation requirements.

現在我們有了 UN1824（氫氧化鈉溶液）的隔離代碼，讓我們看看如何使用它來確定隔離要求。

In part 7, chapter 2 of the IMDG code, the segregation group table describes SGG18 as alkalize. This means sodium hydroxide is included in a group called alkalize.

在國際海運危險品編碼第 2 章第 7 部分中，隔離類別表將 SGG18 描述為鹼化。這意味著氫氧化鈉屬於鹼化組。

The segregation codes table describes code SG35 as stow separated from the segregation group acids. If we look at the table of other stowage codes, we notice other terms used to identify the levels of separation. Each term starts with the words away from or separated from. The IMDG code identifies four segregation requirements. These are away from, separated from, separated by a complete compartment or hold from, and separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from. The actual definition of these terms depends on the ship type.

隔離代碼表將代碼 SG35 描述為與隔離組酸分離的積載。如果我們看一下其他積載代碼表，就會發現還有其他術語用於識別分離程度。每個術語都以 "遠離 "或 "分離 "開頭。國際海運危險品編碼確定了四種隔離要求。它們分別是遠離、與之分離、被一個完整的貨艙或貨艙與之分離，以及被一箇中間的完整貨艙或貨艙與之縱向分離。這些術語的實際定義取決於船舶類型。

These are specified in part 7 of the IMDG code. Chapter 4 deals with container ships, chapter 5 deals with row row vessels, and chapter 6 deals with general cargo ships.

國際海運危險品準則》第 7 部分對此作了規定。第 4 章涉及集裝箱船，第 5 章涉及行船，第 6 章涉及雜貨船。

We will look at each of these in more detail a little later in the module.

我們將在本模塊的稍後部分詳細介紹其中的每一種情況。

Before we look at how the level of segregation is specified for different ship types, let's take a few minutes to understand how we can determine the actual segregation requirement between incompatible classes of dangerous goods. The level of segregation between two dangerous goods of different hazard classes or divisions can be determined using the segregation table shown in part 7, chapter 2. The rows and columns are labelled with different hazard class or division. You can determine the segregation degree by entering the table with the different hazard class or division. Where X appears, you must consult the relevant section of the IMDG code. However, the segregation requirement must take any subsidiary hazard into consideration. The highest level of segregation must always be used. For example, if you want to know the level of segregation between substances from hazard class 4.2 and 5.2, entering the segregation table tells you that segregation 2 separated from is required.

在瞭解如何規定不同船型的隔離等級之前，我們先花幾分鐘瞭解一下如何確定不相容危險貨物類別之間的實際隔離要求。可以使用第 7 部分第 2 章中的隔離表來確定兩種不同危險等級或劃分的危險品之間的隔離水準。表中的行和列標有不同的危險等級或類別。您可以在表中輸入不同的危險等級或類別來確定隔離程度。在出現 X 的地方，您必須查閱 IMDG 規範的相關章節。不過，隔離要求必須考慮到任何次要危險。必須始終使用最高隔離級別。例如，如果您想知道危險等級為 4.2 和 5.2 的物質之間的隔離等級，輸入隔離表就會告訴您需要隔離

Now that you've seen how to determine the different level of segregation, let's take a look at how you interpret these for different ship types, starting with container ships.

現在，您已經瞭解瞭如何確定不同的隔離級別，讓我們從集裝箱船開始，看看如何為不同類型的船舶解釋這些隔離級別。

Part 7, chapter 4 of the IMDG code provides tables for the user to determine the horizontal and vertical segregation requirements for container ships fitted with hatches and those that are not. The segregation requirements 1, 2 and 3 are defined for closed and open containers for vertical separation and horizontal segregation. Vertical separation states whether containers are permitted on top of one another or in the same vertical line. Horizontal segregation states the container spaces required. In some cases this may include bulkhead separation requirements. The requirements for segregation level 4 are a little different. Vertical segregation and horizontal or thwart ship segregation is not permitted. Horizontal fore and aft segregation is based on a minimum distance of 24 metres and possibly a minimum number of bulkheads. Illustrations regarding the segregation requirements are shown in IMO

國際海運危險品準則》第 7 部分第 4 章提供了表格，供用戶確定裝有艙口和未裝有艙口的集裝箱船的水準和垂直隔離要求。隔離要求 1、2 和 3 規定了封閉式和開放式貨櫃的垂直隔離和水準隔離要求。垂直隔離是指貨櫃是否可以相互疊放或在同一垂直線上。水準隔離規定了所需的貨櫃空間。在某些情況下，這可能包括隔板分隔要求。第 4 級隔離要求略有不同。不允許垂直分隔和水準分隔。水準前後隔離的最小距離為 24 米，並可能有最少數量的艙壁。有關隔離要求的圖示見國際海事組織 (IMO)

Marine Safety Committee Circular 1440, which can be found in the supplement to the IMDG code. Here is a simplified version of open versus closed containers on a container ship fitted with hatches. Part 7, chapter 5 provides a table for the user to determine the horizontal segregation of cargo transport units on row-row vessels. As with container ships, there is a table specifying the segregation requirements based on the four segregation groups defined earlier. The table identifies the segregation requirements for a thwart ships and fore and aft for both closed and open cargo transport units. The segregation requirements are specified in terms of distance, bulkheads and whether on deck or under deck. Again, illustrations regarding the segregation requirements are shown in IMO Marine Safety Committee Circular 1440, in the supplement to the IMDG code. Part 7, chapter 6 of the IMDG code applies to segregation of packaged dangerous goods stowed in the conventional way. This includes particular segregation from foodstuffs. The different segregation requirements are specified in terms of horizontal distance and vertical separation from packages containing incompatible dangerous goods. This takes into account any fire and liquid resistant compartments when considering vertical segregation. Where dangerous goods in packages are stowed together with a cargo transport unit containing dangerous goods, no segregation between the packages and the cargo transport is needed when away from is required. Where separated from is required, the segregation for away from is sufficient. Where segregation between packaged dangerous goods and those carried in bulk under the IMBSC code, the segregation requirements are specified in a table similar to the segregation table specified earlier. The definitions of the four segregation terms are also defined for such a stowage arrangement in a similar way as described earlier in this section. Before we move on to the next chapter, let's consider some questions. The following two closed cargo transport units are to be stowed on a row-row cargo area on the deck. CTU-A, UN-1469, lead nitrate PG-2. CTU-B, UN-3291, clinical waste PG-2. Using the IMDG code, which one of the following is the minimum horizontal level of segregation that meets the IMDG code? The following consignment is to be stowed as general cargo on a supply boat. UN-3374, acetylene, solvent free. Which of the following are specific stowage requirements for this consignment? The following cargo needs to be carried on deck with a general cargo ship with conventional stowage arrangements.

海事安全委員會第 1440 號通知，見《國際海運危險品準則》補編。這是裝有艙口的集裝箱船上開放式貨櫃與封閉式貨櫃的簡化版本。第 7 部分第 5 章提供了一個表格，供用戶確定行列式船舶上貨物運輸單元的水準隔離。與集裝箱船一樣，該表根據前面定義的四個隔離組別規定了隔離要求。該表還確定了阻擋船以及封閉式和開放式貨物運輸裝置前後的隔離要求。隔離要求按距離、艙壁以及甲板上還是甲板下進行了規定。同樣，國際海事組織海事安全委員會第 1440 號通知（IMO Marine Safety Committee Circula

UN-1203, gasoline, portable tank container. UN-1362, activated carbon, packages. Which of the following is a suitable minimum segregation requirement?

UN-1203，汽油，便攜式罐裝容器。UN-1362，活性碳，包裝。以下哪項是合適的最低隔離要求？

Dangerous goods closed container, MSKU-3894911, is shown in red. Drag the blue closed container,

危險品封閉貨櫃 MSKU-3894911 顯示為紅色。拖動藍色封閉貨櫃、

 MSKU-3894758, to the required a thwart ship stowage position.

MSKU-3894758，到所需的阻力船存放位置。