But once you know what's inside, it becomes clear

但是，一旦你知道里面有什麼，就會明白

it's so much more than that.

它遠不止這些。

What really changed everybody's view of this device

真正改變大家對這一設備看法的是

was what was at the heart of it,

才是問題的核心、

the microprocessor that was designed and manufactured in China.

在中國設計和製造的微處理器。

It's at the center of tensions

它是緊張局勢的中心

between the world's two biggest economies.

世界兩大經濟體之間的關係。

The phone, made by Chinese tech giant Huawei,

這款手機由中國科技巨頭華為製造、

represents a breakthrough by

這是

Beijing as it tries to escape Washington's controls on its access to technology

北京試圖擺脫華盛頓對其獲取技術的控制

and establish a self-sufficient chip industry.

並建立自給自足的芯片產業。

If those US controls had been successful,

如果美國的這些管制措施取得成功、

then a smartphone as advanced as this

那麼像這樣先進的智能手機

simply should not be possible without importing key components.

如果不進口關鍵部件，就根本不可能實現。

China now is more capable than ever

中國現在比以往任何時候都更有能力

of building advanced technologies.

建設先進技術。

And it worried US officials

這讓美國官員感到擔憂

who are more concerned about advanced chips

他們更關注先進的芯片

going into military equipment than smartphones.

而不是智能手機。

It left them wondering how exactly

這讓他們不禁要問

did China do it?

是中國乾的嗎？

US Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo's visit to Beijing

美國商務部長吉娜-雷蒙多訪問北京

in late August was supposed to calm a standoff

八月下旬的僵局本應得到平息

that has set China and the US at odds with each other

使中美關係陷入僵局的原因

on everything from geopolitics to trade.

從地緣政治到貿易，無所不包。

Her department has spent the past few years making it harder for China

她所在的部門在過去幾年裡一直在增加中國的難度

to buy or manufacture the advanced semiconductors

購買或製造先進的半導體產品

needed to fuel the upcoming technology revolutions.

為即將到來的技術革命提供動力。

US hawks say it's about restricting China's military capabilities.

美國鷹派說這是為了限制中國的軍事能力。

The Chinese side say it's more to do with restricting the

中方表示，這更多地是為了限制

nation's economic growth.

國家的經濟增長。

There is no room to negotiate

沒有談判的餘地

when it comes to protecting Americans' national security.

在保護美國人的國家安全方面。

Her visit was quickly overshadowed by this.

她的訪問很快就被這件事掩蓋了。

The Mate 60 is made

Mate 60 採用

to compete with Apple's iPhone.

與蘋果公司的 iPhone 競爭。

But unlike the iPhone, the Mate 60

但與 iPhone 不同的是，Mate 60

didn't get a splashy launch event.

沒有舉行盛大的發佈會。

Instead, it was quietly released for sale online.

相反，它卻悄悄地在網上發售。

It still managed to sell out within hours.

在幾個小時內，它還是被搶購一空。

What it made the timing of that device look like was though

它使該裝置的時間安排看起來像是

that Beijing was trying to send a significant signal to the US

北京試圖向美國發出一個重要信號

to say, “Hey, look, you've taken all of these steps, you've tried to hold us back,

說："嘿，聽著，你已經採取了所有這些措施，你試圖拖我們後腿、

but here we are, this is what we can do.”

但我們來了，這就是我們能做的"。

My colleagues in Asia commissioned what's called a teardown.

我在亞洲的同事委託我進行了一次所謂的拆解。

Literally, you pull the phone apart and then you point a microscope and other

從字面上看，你可以把手機拆開，然後用顯微鏡和其他

pieces of technology at the innards of the phone.

手機內部的技術部件。

During the process, we found out that

在這一過程中，我們發現

Huawei's new smartphone is powered by a self-designed chip

華為新款智能手機採用自主設計的芯片

manufactured by SMIC.

由中芯國際製造。

SMIC is China's biggest chip maker,

中芯國際是中國最大的芯片製造商、

a contract manufacturer that makes semiconductors

半導體承包製造商

designed by other firms such as Huawei.

由華為等其他公司設計。

And that shows that the two companies are now making certain progress

這表明兩家公司目前正在取得一定進展

in their semiconductor capabilities.

的半導體能力。

The chip industry distinguishes chips by referring to them

芯片行業對芯片的區分方法是

in nanometers or billionths of a meter.

以納米或十億分之一米為組織、部門。

That's about half the diameter of a DNA

這大約是 DNA 直徑的一半

double helix.

雙螺旋

Basically, the smaller you can make a transistor,

基本上，半導體越小越好、

the better you can make the capabilities of a chip.

就能更好地發揮芯片的功能。

If you're looking at Samsung's latest Galaxy or obviously Apple's iPhone,

如果你正在關注三星最新的 Galaxy 或蘋果的 iPhone、

these devices are going to be based upon chips that are using

這些設備的芯片將使用

three nanometer technology.

三納米技術。

US export controls were aimed at keeping China's

美國的出口管制旨在防止中國的

tech capabilities 8 to 10 years behind the US.

技術能力比美國落後 8 到 10 年。

But the Kirin 9000s chip found in the Mate 60 Pro

但 Mate 60 Pro 中的麒麟 9000s 芯片

demonstrated that it may only be four or five years behind

表明它可能只落後四五年

the world's most advanced technology.

世界上最先進的技術。

This chip was made with seven nanometer production and that

該芯片採用 7 納米生產工藝，而且

is a lot closer to where the industry is to the state of the art

更接近業界的技術水平

than the US had been hoping.

比美國所希望的還要多。

So how did Huawei and SMIC pull this off?

那麼，華為和中芯國際是如何做到這一點的呢？

In recent years, the majority of the world's

近年來，世界上大多數國家的

most advanced chips have come from here, Taiwan.

最先進的芯片都來自臺灣。

And there's one single company that makes most of them.

而其中大部分都是一家公司生產的。

TSMC.

臺積電。

In the past, the Huawei unit HiSilicon was able to design

過去，華為組織、部門海思能夠設計出

chips that it delegated TSMC to manufacture and import.

它委託臺積電生產和進口的芯片。

The US sanctions stopped that.

美國的制裁阻止了這一切。

China does seem to be able to find its way to find alternatives

中國似乎總能找到替代品

when there is a lack of Western technologies available.

在缺乏西方技術的情況下。

The single most important piece of equipment

最重要的一件設備

for making the most advanced chips is what's known as an

用於製造最先進芯片的是所謂的

extreme ultraviolet lithography or an EUV machine.

極紫外線光刻機或 EUV 機器。

It took decades to develop and each one costs more than $100 million.

它的研發耗時數十年，每臺耗資超過 1 億美元。

They're able to etch patterns into chips as small as three nanometers.

它們能夠在小至三納米的芯片上蝕刻圖案。

Only one company in the world makes them,

全世界只有一家公司生產、

the Dutch firm ASML.

荷蘭公司 ASML。

ASML hasn't been allowed to export its EUV machines to China.

ASML 一直未獲準向中國出口其 EUV 機器。

Never.

從來沒有

It has been allowed to export something called DUV,

它被允許出口一種叫做 DUV 的東西、

a different type of technology, an older type of technology.

一種不同類型的技術，一種更古老的技術。

It was thought that by basically limiting them to that type of technology

人們認為，如果基本上將他們限制在這種技術範圍內

that they'd never get beyond a certain stage.

他們永遠不會超越某個階段。

What we've found and this chip would appear to indicate, is that actually

我們發現，這塊芯片似乎表明，實際上

they were able to squeeze the capabilities of this DUV machinery

他們能夠榨乾這種 DUV 設備的能力

to get way more advanced lines in those pieces of silicon than the US had hoped.

在這些硅片中獲得比美國所希望的更先進的生產線。

Bloomberg reporting discovered that SMIC did

彭博社的報道發現，中芯國際確實

actually use some of these older DUV machines from ASML.

實際上使用的是 ASML 的一些老式 DUV 機器。

But the key question is whether it can produce the component

但問題的關鍵在於，它能否生產出組件

at scale and efficiently enough to make it cost effective.

其規模和效率足以使其具有成本效益。

In fact, the reason the handsets sold out may

事實上，手機售罄的原因可能是

have had more to do with supply, not enough chips, than demand.

與其說是需求的問題，不如說是芯片供應不足的問題。

It also means it may be harder to get to the next stage,

這也意味著進入下一階段可能會更加困難、

below seven nanometers.

低於 7 納米。

I was obviously,

我顯然是、

I don't know what the right word, upset,

我不知道該怎麼說，心煩意亂、

you know, when I saw the Huawei announcement.

你知道，當我看到華為的公告時。

The only good news, if there is any,

唯一的好消息，如果有的話、

is we don't have any evidence that they can manufacture

是我們沒有任何證據表明他們可以製造

seven nanometer at scale.

七納米級。

On what's called the China hawk side of the equation, this is

在所謂的中國鷹派方面，這就是

the last chance that America has to cut off China

美國與中國隔絕的最後機會

from access to advanced technology.

獲得先進技術。

Some Republican lawmakers are now calling for the Biden administration

一些共和黨議員現在呼籲拜登政府

to cut off Huawei and SMIC from American technologies completely.

完全切斷華為和中芯國際與美國技術的聯繫。

In the short term, there's likely to be a degradation of their capabilities.

短期內，它們的能力可能會下降。

But if you look at this from a long-term perspective, you've given them

但如果從長遠角度來看，你已經給了他們

every, every incentive in the world to go out and do it themselves.

所有的一切，都激勵著我們自己去做。

China remains the biggest semiconductor consumer,

中國仍是最大的半導體消費國、

and if the companies like Intel and Nvidia loses this major market,

如果英特爾和 Nvidia 等公司失去了這個主要市場、

that means that they could generate significantly less revenue and

這意味著它們的收入可能會大大減少，而且

hurt their ability to continue to innovate and keep the US ahead of China.

這將損害他們繼續創新的能力，並使美國繼續領先於中國。

Chinese spending plans on semiconductor

中國半導體支出計劃

have been widely reported to be in excess of $100 billion.

據廣泛報道，該項目總投資超過 1 000 億美元。

That's three or four times the annual spending

這相當於每年支出的三四倍

of a major chip maker like TSMC.

臺積電這樣的大型芯片製造商。

Given that kind of capital, given that kind of patience,

有了這樣的資本，有了這樣的耐心、

there is a chance that they will get to advanced capabilities over time.

隨著時間的推移，它們有可能達到先進的能力。