Health Service in the 1970s and 80s. Many have since died. Others unknowingly passed infections onto partners who then died. Victims and their families have spent decades fighting for compensation. Chloe Hayward explains.

在 20 世紀 70 年代和 80 年代，他們在衛生服務部門工作。許多人後來死亡。還有一些人在不知情的情況下將感染傳給了伴侶，後者隨後死亡。受害者及其家人花了幾十年時間爭取賠償。克洛伊-海沃德解釋道。

It's known as the biggest treatment disaster in NHS history and so far we know that 3,000 people have died in the UK from infected blood and infected blood products they were given by the NHS. Overall, 30,000 victims have been identified.

這被稱為英國國家醫療服務系統（NHS）歷史上最大的治療災難，到目前為止，我們已經知道英國有 3000 人死於由 NHS 提供的受感染血液和受感染血液製品。總計已確認有 3 萬名受害者。

And these fall into two main categories. There's the people with rare genetic blood clotting disorders such as the haemophiliacs and there's people who needed blood transfusions after surgery for example. So let's start with this first group, the haemophiliacs. So people with blood clotting disorders, they need a special protein called Factor 8 or Factor 9 injected which helps their blood clot. But by the 1970s, the UK was really struggling to meet demand for these blood products and so they started to import from America.

這些人主要分為兩類。一類是患有血友病等罕見遺傳性凝血障礙的人，另一類是手術後需要輸血的人。讓我們從第一類血友病患者開始。患有凝血障礙的人需要注射一種叫做因子 8 或因子 9 的特殊蛋白質，以幫助血液凝固。但到了 20 世紀 70 年代，英國真的很難滿足對這些血液製品的需求，於是他們開始從美國進口。

But because America pays for blood plasma rather than it being donated for free, it came from a lot of high risk individuals including prisoners, drug addicts and those most in need for money. And so with these donations came some deadly viral infections such as Hepatitis C and HIV. In the late 70s, US drug companies were aware that their product was infected with viruses including Hepatitis but they didn't take steps to stop that transmission. Instead what they did is they mixed together ever larger batch numbers of donations, sometimes up to 50,000 plasma donations would be mixed together in one batch and it took just one infected donor to infect the entire batch.

但是，由於美國為血漿支付費用，而不是免費捐贈，是以血漿來自許多高危人群，包括囚犯、吸毒者和最需要錢的人。是以，這些捐贈帶來了一些致命的病毒感染，如丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒。上世紀 70 年代末，美國的製藥公司意識到他們的產品感染了包括肝炎在內的病毒，但他們並沒有採取措施阻止病毒的傳播。相反，他們將更多的捐獻者混合在一起，有時一批捐獻者中會有多達 50,000 名血漿捐獻者，只需一名受感染的捐獻者就能感染整批血漿。

By 1983, the pharmaceutical companies, they were aware there was a link between haemophiliacs and HIV but instead of raising the alarm, they kept it quiet.

到 1983 年，製藥公司已經意識到血友病患者和艾滋病毒之間存在聯繫，但他們沒有發出警報，而是保持沉默。

Some medics and whistleblowers did try to raise the alarm around the world but health officials did not listen. We now know that 1,250 people were infected with HIV and Hepatitis C who had blood clotting disorders in this country. 320 of them were children and almost all have now died. Now let's look at this second group of people, those with blood transfusions. They were given blood transfusions during surgery or after childbirth or an accident and they were given it, it was infected with Hepatitis C.

一些醫務人員和舉報人確實試圖向全世界發出警報，但衛生官員並沒有聽進去。我們現在知道，在這個國家，有 1250 人感染了艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎，他們都患有凝血障礙。其中 320 人是兒童，幾乎全部死亡。現在讓我們來看看第二類人，即輸血者。他們在手術中、分娩後或發生意外時被輸血，輸血後感染了丙型肝炎。

It was known that blood transfusions could infect people with Hepatitis as early as the 1970s but those that it exposed, they weren't tested even when a test became available.

早在 20 世紀 70 年代，人們就知道輸血可能使人感染肝炎，但即使有了檢測方法，也沒有對接觸到的人進行檢測。

A minimal effort was made to identify those infected. Even now we still have people coming forward in this country who have just been diagnosed decades after their infection but often it's too late. You see Hepatitis attacks the liver leading to cirrhosis and eventually cancer so a late diagnosis often comes with a dire prognosis.

在確定感染者身份方面所做的努力微乎其微。即使是現在，我們國家仍然有人在感染幾十年後才被診斷出來，但往往為時已晚。肝炎會侵襲肝臟，導致肝硬化，最終引發癌症，是以，晚期診斷往往會帶來可怕的預後。

The inquiry said that through blood transfusion treatment up to 27,000 people were infected with Hepatitis C and between 80 and 100 got HIV.

調查稱，通過輸血治療，多達 27,000 人感染了丙型肝炎，80 至 100 人感染了艾滋病毒。

During the inquiry we heard from children that grew up as orphans, mothers who buried their children and husbands who unknowingly passed infections onto their wives. Victims said they were ignored by doctors and they said they were treated as dirty or second class citizens by the NHS. Victims and their families have waited 40 years for justice.

在調查過程中，我們聽到了孤兒、埋葬孩子的母親以及在不知情的情況下將感染傳給妻子的丈夫的聲音。受害者說他們被醫生忽視，他們說他們被國家醫療服務系統視為骯髒或二等公民。受害者及其家人已經等待了 40 年，以尋求正義。

The focus now is on compensation.

現在的重點是補償。

That was Chloe Haywood reporting. Let's speak now to our news correspondent Rajini Vaidyanathan who is outside the Methodist Central Hall in Westminster. Hello to you Rajini. A huge day for all the families and people who've been affected by the infected blood scandal.

以上是克洛伊-海伍德的報道。現在讓我們連線正在威斯敏斯特衛理公會中央大廳外的新聞記者 Rajini Vaidyanathan。你好，拉吉尼。對於所有受血液醜聞影響的家庭和人們來說，今天是個重要的日子。

Just tell us where you are now, what the atmosphere is like where you are now and what people are hoping, what they're expecting.

請告訴我們你現在在哪裡，你現在所在的地方氣氛如何，人們的希望和期待是什麼。

Well family members have been arriving here. They are going to be getting a copy of the report and at 12.30 today that will be made public, the findings of an inquiry which has lasted some four years and to so many relatives and people who are surviving through this scandal. It's been a long time coming and I think there are three things that people really want today, the family members and the campaigners. It's a refrain that we hear in other public inquiries, they want truth, they want justice and they want accountability.

家屬們已經陸續到達這裡。今天 12 點 30 分，他們將拿到一份報告的副本，這份報告將被公之於眾，這是一份歷時四年的調查報告，也是許多親屬和在這起醜聞中倖存下來的人的調查結果。這已經是一個漫長的過程了，我認為今天有三件事是人們真正想要的，即家庭成員和運動者。這是我們在其他公眾調查中聽到的一句話，他們想要真相，他們想要正義，他們想要問責。

Let's start with the first one, truth. They just want to know what exactly happened, how could it have been that so many people, thousands as we heard from Chloe just then, were treated using a blood product which was infected with HIV and with Hepatitis C. Hundreds of children ended up dying too soon as a consequence, thousands of people have died and we heard from the Labour MP Diana Johnson who's been a campaigner for this who says that it's estimated that every three to four days somebody dies as a consequence of what happened decades ago. So it's truth, it's also justice as well. They want people to know that they want not just compensation, it's not just about money for people, but it's also knowing that they were right all along. So many families, Sarah, say that they felt they were gaslit.

讓我們從第一個問題開始，真相。他們只想知道到底發生了什麼，怎麼會有這麼多人，就像我們剛才從克洛伊那裡聽到的那樣，成千上萬的人使用感染了艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎的血液製品接受治療。數百名兒童是以過早死亡，成千上萬的人是以喪生。我們從工黨議員戴安娜-約翰遜那裡聽到，她一直在為此奔走呼號，她說，據估計，每三到四天就會有人因為幾十年前發生的事情而喪生。是以，這既是真相，也是正義。他們想讓人們知道，他們要的不僅僅是賠償，不僅僅是錢，還要知道他們一直以來都是對的。很多家庭，莎拉，都說他們覺得自己被毒打了。

There were warnings at the time, even as early as the end of 1983, that this product that was coming over, this Factor VIII from America, was infected with HIV and Hepatitis C but those warnings were not heeded and so it was continued to be used, it was seen in some ways as a wonder drug, a product that could really help treat haemophilia, particularly in children, in a more efficient way. And then the last one is accountability because

當時，甚至早在1983年底，就有人警告說，這種從美國運來的產品--第八因子--會感染艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎，但這些警告並沒有得到重視，是以它被繼續使用，在某種程度上被視為一種神奇的藥物，一種能夠真正幫助治療血友病，尤其是兒童血友病的更有效的產品。最後一個問題是問責制，因為

I'm speaking to you not too far from Downing Street, from the House of Commons and the

我是在離唐寧街、下議院和英國議會不遠的地方對你們說這番話的。

Ministry of Health and people want to know who's going to be held accountable for this.

衛生部和人們都想知道誰將對此負責。

Now in many ways this goes beyond politics because this scandal has happened through successive governments, different political parties in charge. But in a way, the buck does stop with the current government, some people say. They want to know whether there might be an apology even later today. We are expecting perhaps to hear from the Prime Minister once the report's findings are released. Will he apologise? Who knows.

現在，從很多方面來看，這已經超越了政治的範疇，因為這一醜聞是在歷屆政府、不同政黨執政期間發生的。但在某種程度上，有些人說，責任確實在現任政府。他們想知道今天晚些時候是否會有道歉。我們期待報告結果公佈後，首相可能會做出迴應。他會道歉嗎？誰知道呢。

Regine, we will be crossing back to you throughout the day as this hugely important report is published. But for the moment, thank you.

雷金，隨著這份極為重要的報告的發佈，我們將在全天內與您連線。但現在，謝謝你。