Are you okay?

你還好嗎？

Lackluster peewoops?

乏善可陳的peewoops？

Peewhoop. (Peewoop echos)

Peewhoop.

Is there anything I can do to stop drooling while I sleep?

有什麼辦法能讓我睡覺時不流口水嗎？

Stop thinking about Bear.

別再想小熊了

That, in my medical world,

在我的醫學世界裡、

I've seen that the most people drool

我看到最多人流口水的地方是

because they think about Bear.

因為他們想著熊。

No, I would wanna know why you're drooling.

不，我想知道你為什麼流口水。

A lot of times people drool because they're mouth breathing

很多時候，人們流口水是因為嘴巴在呼吸

and it has something to do with a blockage in the nose,

這與鼻子堵塞有關、

and that could be something that's treatable

這可能是可以治療的疾病

with medications due to an allergy or something like that,

因過敏或類似原因使用藥物、

or it could be anatomical.

也可能是解剖學原因。

There's polyps that can develop in the area.

該區域可能會長息肉。

You can have a deviated septum,

您可能患有鼻中隔偏曲、

and as a result, you're constantly mouth breathing,

是以，你會不停地用嘴呼吸、

which causes you to drool

讓你流口水

and wake up dry mouth, dry mucus membranes,

醒來時口乾舌燥、黏膜乾燥、

discomfort, your throat feels like sandpaper,

不適，喉嚨感覺像砂紙一樣、

you get sick more often.

你會經常生病。

You don't get good quality sleep.

睡眠品質不高

You can have sleep apnea, you could snore.

你可能有睡眠呼吸暫停，你可能打鼾。

So breathing through your nose while you're sleeping

是以，睡覺時用鼻子呼吸

is actually optimal.

實際上是最優的。

How can I make a scar disappear?

如何讓疤痕消失？

There's different levels to this,

這有不同的層次、

depending on how aggressive you wanna be.

就看你想多激進了。

The earlier you start intervening in the healing process,

越早開始干預治療過程越好、

the better outcomes you're gonna get.

就會得到更好的結果。

And this starts with just keeping wounds covered as a start.

這首先要從包紮傷口開始。

That's a very important part of it.

這是非常重要的一部分。

Also, depending on how open the wound is,

此外，還取決於傷口的開放程度、

will decide how bad the scar is.

將決定疤痕的嚴重程度。

In some instances it might be better

在某些情況下

to get your wound sutured,

縫合傷口、

especially by someone who's like a plastic surgeon

尤其是像整容醫生那樣的人

if it's in a visible area.

如果它位於可見區域。

Next, you have some topical options.

接下來，您還可以選擇一些局部用藥。

There are all sorts of different creams out there

市面上有各種各樣的面霜

that can help with scars.

有助於消除疤痕。

The next level of it can be actually cosmetic procedures

它的下一個層次實際上可以是美容程序

where you go in to see a dermatologist

您去看皮膚科醫生的地方

to get some laser treatments.

進行一些激光治療。

And these laser treatments can actually resurface the skin,

這些激光治療實際上可以重塑皮膚、

allowing the scar to look less visible.

讓疤痕看起來不那麼明顯。

And then the final level

最後一關

is actually there's scar revision surgery,

實際上是疤痕修復手術、

where uniquely, because of our vision,

因為我們的遠見卓識、

you can actually do a unique type of scar called a Z-scar

實際上，你可以做一種獨特的疤痕，叫做 Z 形疤痕

where it tricks your eye into not seeing the scar.

它能欺騙你的眼睛，讓你看不到疤痕。

It's called a Z-suture or a Z-scar.

這就是所謂的 Z 形縫合或 Z 形疤痕。

Really cool stuff.

真的很酷。

In fact, Dr. Bhanusali, who you've seen on this channel,

事實上，你們在這個頻道上見過的巴努薩里博士、

has actually done a good amount of pro bono scar work,

實際上，他做了大量的公益傷疤工作、

including one young boy who was attacked by a dog

包括一名被狗襲擊的小男孩

in protecting his little sister.

保護他的妹妹。

And Dr. Bhanusali had his scars go from this to this.

巴努薩里醫生的傷疤從這個變成了這個。

Truly amazing work.

真是了不起的作品。

Roy Henson, I've heard that if you have toenail fungus

羅伊-亨森，我聽說如果你有趾甲真菌

peeing on your toes in the shower will kill the fungus.

洗澡時在腳趾上撒尿能殺死真菌。

Is this true?

這是真的嗎？

No, it's not true.

不，這不是真的。

And actually toenail fungus

實際上是趾甲真菌

is notoriously hard to get rid of.

是出了名的難以去除。

In fact, there are some topical antifungal medications

事實上，有一些外用抗真菌藥物

that you could use.

您可以使用。

You have to use 'em for like a really long time.

你得用上很長一段時間。

I'm talking basically a year.

我說的基本上是一年。

And even then, if you use it perfectly,

即便如此，如果你能完美地使用它、

it still may not work.

可能還是不行。

But then if you go the oral route

但如果你選擇口服

and you take oral antifungal medication,

並口服抗真菌藥物、

it is more likely to work.

更有可能奏效。

But then there are more likely chance

但更有可能的情況是

of you having a side effect.

的副作用。

How do I ensure healthy beard growth?

如何確保鬍鬚健康生長？

I think it's about keeping the area well moisturized, clean.

我認為這與保持局部滋潤和清潔有關。

You really wanna avoid folliculitis

你真的想避免毛囊炎

because that can damage a beard.

因為這會損壞鬍鬚。

But in reality, a lot of the supplements

但實際上，很多保健品

and miracle promises that exist for beard stuff

以及對鬍鬚的神奇承諾

literally just condition the actual hair.

從字面上看，這只是對頭髮的護理。

They don't actually facilitate healthier growth.

它們實際上並不能促進更健康的成長。

I've actually struggled with my beard in the past

實際上，我過去一直在為我的鬍子而苦惱

because I've had kind of some patchy areas.

因為我有一些斑駁的地方。

And if you want me to,

如果你想讓我

I have considered doing a hair transplant on my beard.

我曾考慮過給我的鬍子植髮。

I forgot where I have the little spot here.

我忘了這裡的小位置在哪裡了。

I was thinking about taking some facial hair from here

我想從這裡拿走一些面部毛髮

and putting it here to complete my beard.

把它放在這裡，讓我的鬍子更完整。

Not because I care at all

完全不是因為我在乎

what my beard really looks like at this point in my life,

我的鬍子在我生命的這個階段到底是什麼樣子的、

but I think it would be a cool experiment for you to see

但我認為這將是一個很酷的實驗，你可以看看

how we could actually transplant actual hair follicles

我們如何才能移植真正的毛囊

from here to here.

從這裡到這裡

I was gonna do that a couple years ago,

幾年前我就想這麼做了、

but because I was boxing,

而是因為我在打拳擊、

I couldn't sweat for multiple weeks on end

我連續幾個星期都出不了汗

while this procedure was ongoing.

在這一過程中。

So I couldn't do it.

所以我做不到。

But if you want me to do it, let me know in the comments.

但如果你希望我這麼做，請在評論中告訴我。

Who would survive longer in the wild you or Bear?

你和熊在野外誰能活得更久？

Me easily,

我很輕鬆、

even though I'm scared of insects and bugs and all that.

儘管我害怕昆蟲和蟲子什麼的。

No, don't do it, no.

不，別這麼做，不。

Bear's a chicken.

熊是膽小鬼

I would know how to like run and hide and be a proper prey.

我會知道如何逃跑和躲藏，成為一個合格的獵物。

I'm a good prey. He's bad prey.

我是個好獵物他是壞獵物

He'll like say, "What's up?" to the predators.

它會對掠食者說 "你好嗎？"

Although he might be like one of those deer

雖然他可能像那些鹿一樣

that become friends with the cheetah.

與獵豹成為朋友。

(gentle music)

（輕柔的音樂）

I just got a new cat.

我剛買了一隻新貓。

She's really playful,

她真的很頑皮、

but I'm afraid of getting hurt if she bites

但我怕被她咬傷

or scratches my hand really badly.

或者把我的手抓得很疼。

Is there a real risk of that or am I overreacting?

是真的有這種風險，還是我反應過度？

Okay, you're actually not overreacting.

好吧，其實你並沒有反應過度。

Cat bites can be really problematic.

貓咬人真的很麻煩。

There was a Mayo Clinic study

梅奧診所有一項研究

that showed one in three people that got bitten by a cat

顯示每三個被貓咬傷的人中就有一個

ended up getting hospitalized for it.

最後還是以住進了醫院。

Two thirds of the people

三分之二的人

that were hospitalized ended up needing surgery.

住院治療的患者最終需要進行手術。

The reason why I think cat bites are more problematic,

我之所以認為貓咬人更有問題、

unlike dogs who have these blunted teeth

不像狗的牙齒會變鈍

and larger teeth that cause a lot of bleeding,

以及導致大量出血的較大牙齒、

cat teeth are more pinpoint and sharp and go deeper.

貓科動物的牙齒更尖銳、更鋒利、更深入。

So they actually seed the bacteria deep inside the body,

是以，它們實際上是在身體深處播下了細菌的種子、

sometimes into the joint or into the tendon sheath.

有時會進入關節或腱鞘。

And as a result, that bacteria gets trapped in there

結果，細菌就會被困在裡面

and spreads causing a potential skin infection,

並傳播，造成潛在的皮膚感染、

cellulitis into the joint, or septic arthritis,

或化膿性關節炎、

or worse off spreading

或更糟的是蔓延

and seeding throughout the blood,

並在血液中播種、

causing a septicemia or sepsis.

導致敗血症或膿毒血癥。

So the reason for that,

原因何在？

and it's kind of similar to dog bites,

這有點類似於狗咬人、

is there is a bacteria and cat's mouths called Pasteurella.

貓嘴裡有一種叫做巴斯德氏菌的細菌。

It's a serious bacteria that requires antibiotics.

這是一種嚴重的細菌，需要使用抗生素。

Don't sleep on cat bites.

被貓咬了別睡覺

Also, there's cat scratch fever.

此外，還有貓抓熱。

There's even things from kitty litter

甚至還有貓砂

and why we talk about pregnant women

以及為什麼我們談論孕婦

not changing kitty litter

不換貓砂

because of how problematic that could be.

因為這可能會帶來很多問題。

There's all sorts of cat-related illnesses.

有各種各樣與貓有關的疾病。

In fact, maybe I should do a whole video on that.

事實上，也許我應該就此製作一個完整的視頻。

But then the cat people will come for me. (cat meows)

但到那時，貓人們就會來抓我了。（貓咪喵喵叫）

I drink two to three cups of coffee a day.

我每天要喝兩到三杯咖啡。

If I stop drinking for a day, get a headache,

如果我一天不喝酒，就會頭疼、

what can I do to stop the headaches?

怎樣才能不頭痛？

There is a condition called caffeine withdrawal headache,

有一種情況叫做咖啡因戒斷性頭痛、

and it usually comes on pretty quickly when your body

當你的身體出現以下情況時，它通常會很快出現

gets used to essentially developing a tolerance

習慣於基本上形成一種容忍

or a dependence on caffeine,

或對咖啡因的依賴、

where if you don't have caffeine over a period

如果你在一段時間內沒有攝入咖啡因

of 36/48 hours, the blood vessels in your brain

在 36/48 小時內，您大腦中的血管

are thought to swell a little bit

被認為有點膨脹

because the lack of caffeine.

因為缺乏咖啡因。

And when they swell, that pressure increases

當它們膨脹時，壓力就會增加

and you start getting one of these withdrawal headaches.

然後你就會開始出現戒斷性頭痛。

That's the proposed mechanism.

這就是擬議的機制。

It's not 100% proven,

這還沒有得到 100% 的證實、

but usually just having one cup of coffee on your off day

但通常只是在休息日喝一杯咖啡

will decrease the sensation of that headache

會減輕頭痛的感覺

if it is caused by a caffeine withdrawal.

如果它是由咖啡因戒斷引起的。

What's cool about caffeine

咖啡因的魅力

is that while your body does build up a tolerance,

是，雖然你的身體確實會產生耐受性、

getting your body to get rid of that tolerance

讓你的身體擺脫容忍

is a fairly quick process.

是一個相當快的過程。

Meaning just doing a few days without coffee

意思是幾天不喝咖啡

will allow your body to get a really strong kick of caffeine

會讓你的身體攝入非常強烈的咖啡因

on the fourth or fifth day when you actually reintroduce it.

在第四天或第五天，當你真正重新引入它時。

Pretty cool stuff.

很酷的東西

We've learned that through athletic trials.

我們通過運動試驗學到了這一點。

Emma, is it possible to cure vertigo?

艾瑪，有可能治癒眩暈症嗎？

It can be treated.

可以治療。

It really depends on what the cause of vertigo is,

這確實取決於眩暈的原因是什麼、

because while vertigo is labeled as a condition,

因為雖然眩暈被稱為一種病症、

there's a lot of conditions that cause vertigo.

導致眩暈的疾病有很多。

And I like to consider vertigo more of a symptom.

我認為眩暈更像是一種症狀。

Very commonly I have patients come in

我經常遇到這樣的病人

with a condition called BPPV,

患有一種叫做 BPPV 的疾病、

benign positional paroxysmal vertigo.

良性位置性陣發性眩暈。

And this happens quite frequently

這種情況經常發生

when someone changes head positions really quickly,

當有人快速改變頭部位置時、

where the little crystals inside their semicircular canals

半圓形管道內的小晶體

are kind of stuck or misplaced.

是卡住了還是放錯了位置。

And as a result,

是以

they experience this really severe sensation of vertigo

他們會有非常嚴重的眩暈感

that is short lasting,

這是短暫的、

but is triggered by some unique head movements.

但它是由一些獨特的頭部動作觸發的。

It's benign, meaning it's not bad.

這是良性的，也就是說還不錯。

It's positional based on the position.

它是基於位置的。

And paroxysmal means it doesn't happen all the time.

而陣發性的意思是它並不是一直髮生的。

And for that, we actually do a maneuver

為此，我們實際上做了一個演習

called an Epley maneuver

稱為埃普利機動

where we can teach you to do it in the office

我們可以在辦公室教你如何操作

or you could do it yourself at home where you aim

您也可以在家裡自己做，您的目標是

to reposition those crystals in your ear

調整耳內晶體的位置

and can actually help battle some

而且實際上可以幫助與某些

of those symptoms of vertigo.

的眩暈症狀。

But that's not the only form of vertigo, there's a lot.

但眩暈的形式不止這一種，還有很多。

Is there health risk to riding roller coasters

乘坐雲霄飛車對健康有風險嗎？

or going to haunted houses where your heart rate spikes

或去心率驟增的鬼屋

to super high levels?

到超高水準？

I would say there are probably health risks

我認為這可能會對健康造成危害

more musculoskeletal than anything

肌肉骨骼比什麼都重要

being on a rollercoaster like jamming your neck around

像坐雲霄飛車一樣扭動脖子

unless you have a preexisting heart condition or something.

除非你有先天性心臟病什麼的。

But if you're an average healthy person,

但如果你是一個普通的健康人、

having your heart rate go up is kind of physiologic.

心跳加速是一種生理現象。

When I say physiologic, that means it's normal.

我說的生理性，是指它是正常的。

It's not normal to have your heart rate

心率過快是不正常的

go up to 150, 160 as an adult if you're at rest.

如果休息的話，成人可達到 150 或 160 磅。

But if you're in the process of being scared

但是，如果你在害怕的過程中

or you're running, it is normal for it to go up there.

或你在跑步時，它上升到那裡是正常的。

That's called physiologic heart rate range.

這就是所謂的生理心率範圍。

That's why when someone measures their blood pressure

這就是為什麼當有人測量血壓時

like standing and talking to somebody,

就像站著和人說話一樣、

I say, that's not a resting blood pressure measurement.

我說，這不是靜息血壓測量。

So I can't diagnose you with hypertension off of that.

是以，我不能據此診斷你患有高血壓。

I need you to sit still, relax for five minutes

我要你靜靜地坐著，放鬆五分鐘

and do it properly as the CDC does it.

並按照疾病預防控制中心的方法正確操作。

Only then can you get a proper resting blood pressure

只有這樣，您才能獲得正確的靜息血壓

'cause that's what I'm interested in.

因為這正是我感興趣的。

Not the fact that your blood pressure adjusts

而不是你的血壓會調整

to whatever exercise or physiologic condition

在任何運動或生理條件下

that your body's experiencing.

你的身體正在經歷的

Is it theoretically popular to exercise so much

從理論上講，如此大量的運動是否受歡迎？

and burn so many calories that you stop pooping?

燃燒大量卡路里，讓你不再大便？

No, because there's components that you have to excrete.

不，因為有些成分你必須排出體外。

That's why it's called excretion.

這就是為什麼叫排洩。

The more fibrous foods you contain,

纖維食物越多

the more stool bulking supplements you take,

服用的大便增量補充劑越多、

the bigger your stools can be.

糞便就越大。

And sometimes that's beneficial, sometimes it's problematic.

有時這樣做是有益的，有時卻會造成問題。

It really depends person to person.

這真的要因人而異。

This is why fiber supplements

這就是為什麼纖維補充劑

for some people can help get rid of constipation

對某些人來說，可以幫助他們擺脫便祕的困擾