a series of dramatic castles before arriving at the spa town of Baden Baden. From there

在到達巴登巴登溫泉小鎮之前，您可以參觀一系列引人注目的城堡。從那裡

it is east past the city of Ulm and then southwards to Fusen and on into the Bavarian Alps and

它向東經過烏爾姆市，然後向南到富森，然後進入巴伐利亞阿爾卑斯山和。

a series of fantasy castles. At Oberammergau we head east to Lake Chiemsee before heading

一系列奇幻的城堡。在上阿默高，我們向東前往基姆湖，然後再前往

further east into the Alps and on to Berchtesgaden and a dramatic house on top of a mountain.

再往東進入阿爾卑斯山，然後到貝希特斯加登，在山頂上有一座引人注目的房子。

Running roughly along the middle of Lake Constance is the border between Germany, Switzerland

大致沿著博登湖的中部，是德國、瑞士和德國之間的邊界。

and Austria. In Germany the lake is called the Bodensee and on this island is the ancient

和奧地利。在德國，這個湖被稱為博登湖，在這個島上有古老的

Bavarian town of Lindau.

巴伐利亞州的林道鎮。

It was only joined to the mainland in 1853 when the causeway was built, which enabled

直到1853年修築堤道時，才與大陸連接，這才使

trains and carriages to get to the island. This was followed by a new harbour and Bavaria's

火車和馬車到島上。隨後是新的港口和巴伐利亞'。

only lighthouse.

唯一的燈塔。

In its history the town has belonged to both Austria and France, and it was only in 1955

在其歷史上，該鎮曾同時屬於奧地利和法國，直到1955年才

that it was finally returned to Germany by the French.

最後被法國人送回德國。

Every year, since 1951, there is a Nobel Laureate scientific meeting in Landau where prize winners

自1951年以來，每年都會在蘭道舉行諾貝爾獎得主科學會議，獲獎者在會上

interact with young researchers from all over the world.

與來自世界各地的年輕研究人員交流。

It was only in the middle of the 19th century that Germany, as we know it today, came into

直到19世紀中葉，我們今天所知道的德國才進入了

being under the guiding hand of Otto Von Bismark. He unified a series of independent federal

在奧托-馮-俾斯麥的指導下。他統一了一系列獨立的聯邦

states into one country.

國家變成一個國家。

This was also a period which saw German Romanticism become a dominant movement and one of its

這一時期也是德國浪漫主義成為主導運動的時期，也是德國浪漫主義的一個重要時期。

most visual symbols are all the castles, rebuilt in a romantic medieval style.

最具視覺符號的是所有的城堡，以浪漫的中世紀風格重建。

This is Sigmaringen Castle, once home to the princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. It has

這就是西格馬林根城堡，曾經是霍亨索倫-西格馬林根王子們的家。它有

its roots back in the 11th century though what we see today dates from the 19th century.

它的根源可以追溯到11世紀，雖然我們今天看到的是19世紀。

It was built to impress and became a meeting point for the rich and powerful nobility of

它是為了給人留下深刻印象而建造的，併成為了富豪貴族們的聚會點。

Europe.

歐洲：

The deep sided valleys with rocky crags gave castle builders an excellent vantage point

深邃的山谷與岩石峭壁給城堡的建造者提供了一個絕佳的有利位置。

to site a fortress, and later in the 19th century rebuild them in a romantic style that

堡壘，並在19世紀以浪漫的風格重建它們。

looked back to earlier times.

回望早年。

Perched on this crag is Werenwag Castle. There has been a castle on this site since the 12th

坐落在這個峭壁上的是Werenwag城堡。從12世紀起，這裡就有了一座城堡。

century, but what we see today dates from the 1830's when the Princes of Furstenberg

世紀，但我們今天所看到的是19世紀30年代，當Furstenberg的王子們。

inherited Werenwag and began remodelling it into this amazing construction. One can only

繼承了Werenwag，並開始將其改造成這個令人驚歎的建築。人們只能

imagine how hard it must have been for the men who had to build it on this high crag

想象一下，在這高高的峭壁上建造它的人一定很辛苦

over the valley.

在山谷上空。

Since then the castle has suffered a fire in the 1890's and even an earthquake in 1911

此後，城堡在1890年遭受了一場火災's，甚至在1911年發生了地震。

when a staircase tower and some of the battlements suffered cracks and falling masonry.

梯塔和部分城垛出現裂縫和磚石掉落時。

On the other side of the valley is Wildenstein Castle. Begun in the 12th century what we

在山谷的另一邊是維爾登施泰因城堡。始建於12世紀的我們

see today still includes some parts of the original.

今天看到的仍然包括原來的一些部分。

A narrow bridge joins the stables and ancillary buildings to the main castle on its rocky

一座狹窄的橋將馬廄和附屬建築連接到主城堡的岩石上。

crag.

峭壁。

Castles come in all sorts of styles and sizes in this part of Germany and many are perched

在德國的這個地方，城堡有各種風格和大小，許多城堡都是坐落在德國境內。

on rocky outcrops with wonderful views.

在岩石上，有美妙的景色。

However, this small castle cannot compare to another 20 miles to the north, which is

然而，這座小城堡無法與北面20英里外的另一座城堡相比，那就是

one of the great castles of Europe, and one that can be seen from miles around.

歐洲最偉大的城堡之一，從周圍幾英里的地方就可以看到。

Sitting on top of this near 3,000ft mountain is Hohenzollern castle. It was built by Frederick

坐在這座近3000英尺的山頂上的是霍亨索倫城堡。它是由腓特烈

William IV, king of Prussia starting in 1850, and it took seventeen years to complete.

普魯士國王威廉四世從1850年開始，花了十七年時間才完成。

This is another good example of a German romantic movement castle, built on an enormous scale.

這是另一個德國浪漫運動城堡的好例子，建造規模巨大。

The style incorporates the idealised vision of what a medieval knight's castle should

風格融合了中世紀騎士城堡的理想化願景。

look like, though it is doubtful it ever really looked like this fairy-tale version.

的樣子，雖然很懷疑它是否真的曾經像這個童話版本一樣。

It was also designed to impress and enhance the reputation of the Prussian Royal Family,

這也是為了給普魯士王室留下深刻印象，提高其聲譽。

who could trace their roots back to the first castle on the site in the 11th century.

他們可以追溯到11世紀該地的第一座城堡。

In 1423 Hohenzollern was besieged for a year and totally destroyed. Only written records

1423年，霍亨索倫被圍困一年，完全被摧毀。只有文字記錄

tell of its existence.

告知其存在。

Thirty years later it was rebuilt and then over the next three centuries was occupied

30年後，它被重建，然後在接下來的三個世紀裡，它被佔領了。

by various different countries including the Austrians and later the French. By the end

包括奧地利人和後來的法國人在內的不同國家。到年底

of the 18th century the castle was falling into ruins. Only the chapel of St Michael

十八世紀的時候，城堡已經變成了廢墟。只有聖米迦勒小教堂

remained usable and was incorporated into the third incarnation we see today.

仍然可以使用，並被納入我們今天看到的第三個化身。

After the castle was rebuilt it was not regularly occupied but rather used as a show place.

城堡重建後，並不經常有人居住，而是作為展示場所使用。

It is still privately owned by two lines of the Hohenzollern family.

現在它仍由霍亨索倫家族的兩個家族私有。

Today the castle has over 300,000 visitors a year, making it one of the most popular

如今，城堡每年有超過30萬遊客，成為最受歡迎的景點之一。

in Germany.

在德國。

On a smaller scale but no less impressive is Lichtenstein Castle above the town of Honau.

規模較小但也不遜色的是霍納烏鎮上方的利希滕斯坦城堡。

This romantic neo-gothic castle was built in the 1840's for Duke Wilhelm of Urach, count

這座浪漫的新哥特式城堡建於1840年，是為烏拉赫伯爵威廉公爵而建。

of Wurttemberg. The design was inspired by a popular historical novel, Lichtenstein,

的符騰堡州。該設計的靈感來自一本流行的歷史小說《利希滕斯坦》。

published in 1826.

1826年出版。

Just as at Hohenzollern this is the third castle on the site with the first two destroyed

就像在霍亨索倫一樣，這也是遺址上的第三座城堡，前兩座被毀。

in fairly quick succession during the 14th century. After that it fell into disrepair

在14世紀期間，相當快的接連。之後，它就破敗了

until it came into the hands of Duke Wilhelm.

直到它落入威廉公爵手中。

Some of the lower rooms are carved out of the rock which supports the building. The

一些下層房間是在支撐建築的岩石上開鑿出來的。該

tall tower was added fifty years later at the end of the 19th century.

高塔是在五十年後的19世紀末加建的。

And the fairy-tale castle still belongs to the Dukes of Urach and is a very popular place

而這座童話城堡至今仍屬於烏拉赫公爵，是一個非常受歡迎的地方。

to visit.

來參觀。

Twelve miles away is the town of Tubingen, one of the five classical university towns

12英里外是五個古典大學城之一的圖賓根鎮。

in Germany, the other four being Marburg, Gottingen, Freiburg and Heidelberg.

在德國，其他四個是馬爾堡、哥廷根、弗萊堡和海德堡。

The old castle is now part of the University and the 25,000 students account for nearly

古堡現在是大學的一部分，25000名學生佔了近

a third of the town's population.

佔該鎮人口的三分之一'。

Amongst the eminent students who no doubt walked through these ancient streets was the

毫無疑問，走過這些古街的優等生中，有一位是

astronomer Johannes Kepler at the end of the 16th century, and in the 20th century, Joseph

16世紀末的天文學家約翰內斯-開普勒，以及20世紀的約瑟夫．

Ratzinger now Pope Benedict XVI.

拉青格現在是教皇本篤十六世。

To the west and on the edge of the Black Forest is the spa town of Baden Baden. The German

西邊和黑森林的邊緣是溫泉小鎮巴登巴登。德國的

word Baden translates as 'to bath or to bathe'. In early days the town was simply known as

字巴登翻譯為'洗澡或沐浴'。在早期，這個小鎮被簡單地稱為

Baden, and the double name only officially came into use in 1931 and was shortened from

巴登，而雙名在1931年才正式投入使用，並由原來的

Baden in Baden, as the town is in the state of Baden Wurttemberg.

巴登的巴登，因為該鎮在巴登符騰堡州。

It was way back in the Roman times that the healing power of water was first recognised.

早在羅馬時代，水的治療能力就被首次認可。

It is thought that the emperor Hadrian founded the town and certainly Emperor Caracalla came

有人認為，哈德良皇帝建立了這個小鎮，當然卡拉卡拉皇帝也來了。

here to ease his arthritic aches.

這裡是為了緩解他的關節炎疼痛。

After the collapse of the Roman empire the town declined and fell into partial ruin for

在羅馬帝國崩潰後，該鎮逐漸衰落，並淪為部分廢墟，因為它是羅馬帝國的一部分。

several centuries. It was only at the end of the 18th century that Baden was rediscovered

幾個世紀以來。直到18世紀末，巴登才被重新發現。

as a spa town.

作為一個溫泉小鎮。

And in the early 19th century the resort attracted the rich and famous including the composers

而在19世紀初，這個度假村吸引了包括作曲家在內的富人和名人。

Berlioz and Brahms and the writer Dostoyevsky, who wrote 'The Gambler' whilst gambling himself

柏遼茲和勃拉姆斯以及作家陀思妥耶夫斯基，他在賭博的同時寫下了'賭徒&39;。

in the casino.

在賭場裡。

European royalty came to stay in the luxury hotels, including Queen Victoria, Napoleon

歐洲皇室成員都來住過這家豪華酒店，包括維多利亞女王、拿破崙

III and the German Emperor Wilhelm I.

三世和德國皇帝威廉一世。

High on a hill overlooking Bad Urach is the old castle of Hohenurach, which was used as

在高高的山丘上，俯瞰著巴德烏拉赫，是霍亨烏拉赫的古城堡，它曾被用作 "世界文化遺產"。

a prison during the middle ages. Over the centuries it was feared and hated by the local

中世紀時的一座監獄。幾個世紀以來，它被當地人所恐懼和憎恨。

people, so that when the prison shut down in the 18th century they climbed the hill

人，所以當18世紀監獄關閉時，他們就爬上了山坡。

and destroyed it.

並將其摧毀。

The old centre of Bad Urach is full of half-timbered houses.

巴德烏拉赫老中心到處都是半木結構的房子。

The same cannot be said of the city of Ulm, thirty miles to the east. A devastating air

東邊三十英里外的烏爾姆城就不一樣了。毀滅性的空氣

raid in 1944 destroyed much of the city, but the glorious church was left barely damaged.

1944年的突襲摧毀了這座城市的大部分，但光榮的教堂卻幾乎沒有受到破壞。

Even the houses around the square in front of the church, where the market is, were wrecked.

就連市場所在的教堂前廣場周圍的房屋也被破壞了。

The church is large enough to be a cathedral, but as Ulm is not a seat of a bishop it is

這座教堂的規模足以成為一座大教堂，但由於烏爾姆不是主教的所在地，所以它的規模並不大。

known as a Minster. However, it is the tallest church in the world at just under 170 metres.

被稱為Minster。然而，它是世界上最高的教堂，只有不到170米。

From the top it is possible to look south on a clear day and see the Alps over seventy

晴天從山頂向南望去，可以看到阿爾卑斯山七十多座

miles away.

英里之外。

Building began in the mid14th century, and was held up several times with work halted

14世紀中葉開始建設，幾經停工，工程被耽擱

altogether in the 16th. It was only in 1813 that work began again and the church was finally

完全在16世紀。直到1813年，工程才重新開始，教堂也終於

completed in 1890.

1890年完成。

Ten miles to the east is Roggenberg Abbey, which was founded back in the 10th century,

向東10英里處是羅格根貝格修道院，它始建於10世紀。

though what we see today dates from the mid18th century.

雖然我們今天看到的是18世紀中期的作品。

In 1802 the monastery was closed down during a period of secularisation and the abbot stripped

1802年，該寺院在世俗化時期被關閉，住持剝去了該寺院的衣服。

of his office.

他的辦公室。

In 1986 in a move that comes full circle the abbey buildings and church have been returned

1986年，在一個完整的行動中，修道院的建築和教堂已被歸還。

to a new set of monks who are re-establishing the abbey as a thriving community after a

新的僧侶，他們正在重建修道院，使之成為一個繁榮的社區，在經歷了一段時期後。

gap of nearly 200 years.

時隔近200年。

Our journey now heads south through the Bavarian landscape towards the foothills of the Alps,

我們的旅程現在向南穿過巴伐利亞州的風景，向阿爾卑斯山腳下走去。

the great mountain range that acts as the border with Austria and Switzerland.

作為奧地利和瑞士邊界的大山脈。

And lying close to the border on the north side of the River Lech is the old town of

靠近萊赫河北邊的邊界是老城區

Fussen.

腳。

It was the Romans who founded the town here as it was on a main road through the mountains

是羅馬人在這裡建立的城市，因為它在一條穿越山脈的主要道路上。

to Italy, and they needed a base for soldiers in order to guard the route.

到意大利，他們需要一個阿兵哥的基地，以便守衛這條路線。

The town's landmark is the castle, which overlooks the town and is one of the area's best preserved

小鎮的標誌性建築是城堡，它可以俯瞰小鎮，是該地區保存最完好的建築之一。

late Gothic buildings.

晚期哥特式建築。

The town itself is full of medieval houses and the centre remains remarkably untouched.

小鎮本身就充滿了中世紀的房屋，而中心則保持著明顯的原貌。

Fussen has become a popular place to stay when exploring the beautiful mountain landscape,

在探索美麗的山水時，富森已經成為一個熱門的住宿地。

as well as two remarkable castles.

以及兩座了不起的城堡。

The first is Hohenschwangau built on the remains of an earlier castle in 1833 by King Maximillian

第一個是1833年馬克西米利安國王在早期城堡的遺蹟上建造的霍恩施旺高。

II of Bavaria and his wife Marie of Prussian. The queen particularly enjoyed walking in

巴伐利亞的二世和他的妻子普魯士的瑪麗。王后特別喜歡在

the mountains, and often took her two sons Otto and Ludwig with her.

山，並經常帶著她的兩個兒子奧托和路德維希一起去。

When Ludwig inherited the throne in 1864 he began planning and building one of the most

當路德維希在1864年繼承王位時，他開始規劃和建設一個最。

remarkable fantasy castles in the world less than a mile away from his childhood home on

在離他童年的家不到一英里遠的地方，有一座了不起的奇幻城堡。

the site of another old castle.

另一座古堡的遺址。

This is Neuschwanstein Castle designed as a personal refuge for King Ludwig, who gradually

這是新天鵝堡，設計為路德維希國王的個人避難所，路德維希國王逐漸地

became more and more reclusive.

變得越來越隱忍。

He had become obsessed with Richard Wagner's operas, and in a way the castle was to be

他迷戀上了理查德-瓦格納的歌劇，在某種程度上，這座城堡將成為

an interpretation of his most famous works -- Tannhauser and Lohengrin.

詮釋他最著名的作品 -- -- 《丹豪瑟》和《羅恩格林》。

Wagner's music made a lasting impression on the young king and this is part of a letter

瓦格納的音樂給年輕的國王留下了深刻的印象，這是一封信件的一部分。

he wrote to Wagner in 1868 about his new picturesque castle.

他在1868年給瓦格納寫了一封關於他那座風景如畫的新城堡的信。

'It is my intention to rebuild the old castle ruin of Hohenschwangau near the Pollat Gorge

#39;我打算在波拉特峽谷附近重建霍恩施旺高的古城堡遺址。

in the authentic style of the old German knight's castle, and I must confess to you that I am

在老德國騎士的城堡的真實風格，我必須向你承認，我是

looking forward very much to living there one day. You know the revered guest I would

非常期待有一天能住在那裡。你知道我是尊敬的客人

like to accommodate there; the location is one of the most beautiful to be found, holy

願意在那裡住宿，那裡的位置是最美麗的地方之一，神聖的

and unapproachable, a worthy temple for the divine friend who has brought salvation and

和不可企及的，為帶來救贖的神聖朋友而建的一座無愧於神的殿堂。

true blessings to the world.'

真正的祝福世界.&#39。

The cost of the castle was immense and would run to over a hundred million pounds today.

這座城堡的造價非常巨大，在今天會超過一億英鎊。

At various times over 300 workmen would be employed and often working at night by the

在不同的時期，會僱傭300多名工人，經常在晚上由。

light of oil lamps.

油燈的光。

All the funding came from the king's purse and the money he borrowed. Costs inevitably

所有的資金都來自國王'的錢包和他借來的錢。成本不可避免地

escalated and by the end the castle had cost twice the original budget.

升級，到最後城堡的成本是原來預算的兩倍。

One of the reasons for siting the castle here may well have been the view he got from the

把城堡選在這裡的原因之一，很可能是他在這裡看到的景色。

bridge his mother had built to span the gorge. She loved walking in this landscape, and it

他的母親為跨越峽谷而建的橋。她喜歡在這風景中行走，而它

must have had a powerful effect on young Ludwig.

一定對年輕的路德維希產生了強大的影響。

Sadly he only spent a 172 days in his fantasy castle.

遺憾的是，他只在他的幻想城堡裡呆了172天。