have leaders or a leader elect over the age of 70.

有 70 歲以上的領導人或當選領導人。

Compare that to a decade ago

與十年前相比

when that was true for only one country.

當時只有一個國家是這樣。

- Well, more than half of the world at this point

- 那麼，目前世界上一半以上的國家

lives in a country where a leader is over 70.

生活在一個領導人超過 70 歲的國家。

- [Narrator] And those leaders are on average

- [旁白] 這些領導人平均

more than 40 years older than their population's median age.

比其人口的中位年齡大 40 多歲。

Here's why the world's politicians

世界政客們為什麼要這樣做？

are increasingly older than their constituents,

他們比選民的年齡越來越大、

and what it means for policies

及其對政策的意義

and political engagement around the globe.

和政治參與。

(worker mumbles)

（工人喃喃自語）

Globally, the median age of world leaders is 62

在全球範圍內，世界領導人的中位年齡為 62 歲

with most of them in their 50s and 60s.

他們中的大多數人都已五六十歲。

And the gap in age between leaders and their constituents

領導人與選民之間的年齡差距

is more pronounced in certain regions.

在某些地區更為明顯。

Like Sub-Saharan Africa

如撒哈拉以南非洲

where the population has been growing younger,

人口越來越年輕、

but leaders are some of the oldest globally.

但在全球範圍內，這些領導人的歷史最為悠久。

Cameroon has the world's oldest in Paul Biya.

喀麥隆擁有世界上最年長的保羅-比亞。

- I do so swear.

- 我發誓

- [Narrator] Who at 91 has been in power

- [旁白] 91 歲的他一直在掌權

for more than 40 years, but there are some exceptions.

但也有一些例外。

- [Jon] In Europe, people are older,

- [喬恩]在歐洲，人們都上了年紀、

but politicians aren't.

但政客們不是。

- The cases where we often tend to see,

- 我們經常看到的情況是

particularly younger leaders or exceptions to this rule,

特別是年輕的領導人或例外情況、

are often in countries that have very strong parties

這些國家的政黨往往非常強大

and a strong party system.

以及強大的政黨制度。

Countries where parties get very actively involved

各方積極參與的國家

in recruiting young people into their ranks.

招募年輕人加入他們的隊伍。

- [Narrator] In the US, concerns about age

- [旁白] 在美國，對年齡的關注

have filled the election cycle.

已經充斥了整個選舉週期。

- Don't you think we need to have mental competency tests

- 你不認為我們需要進行心理能力測試嗎？

for anyone over the age of 75?

是否適合 75 歲以上的老人？

- [Narrator] When they face off in the 2024 election,

- 當他們在2024年大選中對決時

President Joe Biden and Donald Trump

喬-拜登總統和唐納德-特朗普

will be the oldest candidates in US history again.

將再次成為美國曆史上最年長的候選人。

- I know it may not look like it,

- 我知道看起來不像、

but I've been around a while.

但我已經有一段時間了。

- [Narrator] US presidents' ages have been trending upwards

- 旁白] 美國總統的年齡呈上升趨勢

in the last century, but it's not just the president.

在上個世紀，美國總統的任期是最長的，但這不僅僅是總統的問題。

In 2021, the US Congress was the oldest on record.

2021 年，美國國會成為有史以來最老的一屆國會。

- It's very important for the legitimacy of democracy

- 這對民主的合法性非常重要

that politicians actually are seen to reflect

政治家實際上被認為反映了

and represent the people who are voting.

並代表投票的人。

- [Narrator] But that representation

- [旁白] 但那代表

is lopsided when it comes to age.

在年齡方面是一邊倒的。

39% of voting age Americans are under 40,

39%的美國選民年齡在 40 歲以下、

but only 8.3% of US legislators

但只有 8.3%的美國立法者

and the House of Representatives are.

和眾議院。

Down from 22% in 1981.

低於 1981 年的 22%。

And worldwide, the median age of legislators

而在世界範圍內，立法者的中位年齡

has trended upwards in the past few decades.

在過去的幾十年裡，這一數字呈上升趨勢。

- So, there are a number of reasons

- 原因有以下幾點

why we are seeing this trend.

為什麼我們會看到這種趨勢？

One, of course, is medical technology

其中之一當然是醫療技術

is just getting better and it's spread more widely.

越來越好，傳播範圍也越來越廣。

The broad rise of autocracy in the world is something

專制制度在世界上的廣泛興起是

that is likely going to lead to more older leaders.

這很可能會導致更多的老年領導人。

- [Narrator] Two leaders of those

- [旁白] 兩位領導人

10 most populated countries, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping

人口最多的 10 個國家、弗拉基米爾-普京和習近平

have deepened their power in Russia and China.

加深了他們在俄羅斯和中國的勢力。

35% of the world's population is living in countries

世界 35% 的人口生活在以下國家

deemed to be moving towards autocracy

被視為走向專制

according to research institute, V-Dem.

根據研究機構 V-Dem 的數據。

But in non-autocratic states, it can be hard

但在非民主國家，可能很難

for younger candidates to run in costly elections.

讓年輕的候選人参加費用高昂的選舉。

- Just harder to get money if you're young.

- 只是如果你還年輕，就更難拿到錢了。

Maybe you were born with it, but if weren't born with it,

也許你與生俱來，但如果不是與生俱來、

you then have to go to people to give you that money

然後，你還得去找人給你錢

and they tend to be older,

而且他們往往年齡較大、

and you have to persuade them to back you.

你必須說服他們支持你。

- [Narrator] The US had its most expensive election

- [旁白] 美國經歷了最昂貴的選舉

in 2020 at $14 billion.

到 2020 年將達到 140 億美元。

- It's not the only place where individual candidates

- 這不是個別候選人的唯一去處

are asked to amass the sort of war chest

要求他們積聚戰爭財力

to be able to gain access to office.

才能進入辦公室。

This is very much the case in countries in Asia,

亞洲國家的情況也是如此、

in Japan, and in South Korea.

在日本和韓國。

Right, which are right there with the United States

對，與美國並列

of having very few young people in government.

政府中的年輕人很少。

- [Narrator] And with more career politicians,

- 還有更多的職業政客

younger candidates may not have

年輕候選人可能不具備

as many opportunities to run.

儘可能多的跑步機會。

In the US, incumbent reelection rates

在美國，現任者的連任率

have never dropped below 85% in the House.

眾議院的支持率從未低於 85%。

Incumbents also have an advantage around the world.

在全球範圍內，在位者也有優勢。

- Once you get your foot in the door,

- 一旦你踏進了這扇門、

you can often stay there for quite some time.

你經常可以在那裡停留很長時間。

To be clear, I think there are a lot of positives

說白了，我認為有很多積極因素

to having people who know how to get things done,

擁有懂得如何完成工作的人、

who have rich networks that allow them

他們擁有豐富的網絡，使他們能夠

to actually see policy through.

將政策真正落到實處。

- [Narrator] But the over-representation

- [旁白]但過高的代表性

of older politicians could mean that...

老一代政治家可能意味著......

- Young people in particular

- 特別是年輕人

are just less interested in say, a given election

只是對某次選舉不那麼感興趣而已

when the leaders are much older than them.

當領導者比他們年長很多時。

- [Narrator] Around the world, youth voter turnout

- [旁白] 世界各地的青年選民投票率

is lower than the rest of the voting age population.

低於其他投票年齡人口。

In a survey across 33 countries, 44% of young adults

在對 33 個國家的調查中，44% 的年輕人

from 18 to 29 said they always voted,

18-29歲的人說他們總是投票、

compared to 60% of the entire population.

而全國人口的這一比例為 60%。

Yet the younger end of the electorate

然而，年輕選民

is still valuable for candidates.

對候選人來說仍然很有價值。

And politicians around the world

世界各地的政治家們

have tried to appeal to younger voters.

試圖吸引年輕選民。

- In the United States, one of the funniest recent examples

- 在美國，最近一個最有趣的例子是

was Joe Biden setting up his own TikTok recently,

喬-拜登最近建立了自己的 TikTok、

and the first caption was titled "lol hey guys."

第一個標題是 "笑死你們"。

- I didn't say I was for the Eagles

- 我沒說我支持老鷹隊

and I'd be sleeping alone.

我一個人睡

- Let's go back to Indonesia, Prabowo Subianto,

- 讓我們回到印尼，普拉博沃-蘇比安託、

this ex-General with a very controversial record

這位記錄極具爭議性的前將軍

who's now trying to appeal to youth.

他現在正試圖吸引年輕人。

He danced. He did this jig.

他跳起舞來。他跳的是吉格舞

(upbeat party music)

(歡快的派對音樂）

His dances became viral, and supporters picked it up

他的舞蹈成了病毒，支持者們紛紛效仿

and made their own interpretations.

並做出自己的解釋。

And suddenly, he became this dancing grandpa

突然間，他變成了這個跳舞的爺爺

who cuddled cats.

誰抱過貓

The one thing that political scientists worry about

政治學家擔心的一件事

is essentially a vicious circle where young people

這基本上是一個惡性循環，年輕人

get demoralized because they feel like their options

士氣低落，因為他們覺得自己的選擇

are only older leaders.

只有年長的領導人。

They maybe don't vote.

他們也許不投票。

- [Narrator] So, politicians might favor policies

- [旁白]是以，政治家們可能會傾向於政策

important to those who voted for them,

對投票給他們的人來說很重要、

and ignore those that are more important to younger people.

而忽略了那些對年輕人更重要的東西。

- There's all sorts of policies in the world

- 世界上有各種各樣的政策

that disproportionately affect young people.

這些問題對年輕人的影響尤為嚴重。

Policies on education, unemployment, childcare.

教育、失業和兒童保育政策。

- [Narrator] That was the case in Japan where younger mayors

- 旁白] 日本的情況就是如此，年輕的市長們

were more likely to increase spending on childcare,

更有可能增加育兒支出、

which was important to younger voters.

這對年輕選民很重要。

- Younger politicians were much more likely to dedicate

- 年輕的政治家更有可能致力於

that spending toward investment for the long term.

將支出用於長期投資。

You know, these younger politicians

你知道，這些年輕的政治家

potentially have greater concern for the future,

有可能對未來有更大的擔憂、

particularly in a country like Japan that faces

特別是在日本這樣一個面臨

these challenges for the social welfare budget

社會福利預算面臨的這些挑戰

of a rapidly aging population and declining birth rates.

人口迅速老齡化和出生率下降。

- [Narrator] And if younger voters feel

- [旁白] 如果年輕選民覺得

like their interests aren't represented,

好像他們的利益沒有得到代表、

it can lead to a lack of trust in the government.

它可能導致人們對政府缺乏信任。

- Our planet's on fire.

- 我們的星球著火了

- The world's changing very fast.

- 世界變化非常快。

There are a lot of new, big challenges that we face.

我們面臨著許多新的、巨大的挑戰。

It can make young people question

它會讓年輕人質疑

the legitimacy of the system if the politicians

如果政治家們

who are attempting or sort of attempting

試圖或某種程度上試圖

to tackle these problems are quite a bit older.

解決這些問題的方法已經有相當長的歷史了。

- [Narrator] That's particularly true when it comes

- [旁白]當涉及到

to rapidly advancing tech and social media.

與飛速發展的科技和社交媒體相適應。

- How do you sustain a business model

- 如何維持商業模式

in which users don't pay for your service?

用戶不為您的服務付費？

- Senator, we run ads.

- 參議員，我們做廣告。

- How does that show up on a seven-year-old's iPhone

- 這怎麼會出現在一個 7 歲孩子的 iPhone 上？

who's playing a kid's game?

誰在玩小孩子的遊戲？

- Congressman, iPhone is made by a different company.

- 議員先生，iPhone 是由另一家公司生產的。

- So, if you don't have a sort of greater age diversity

- 所以，如果你沒有一種更大的年齡多樣性

at the decision making table,

在決策桌前、

then you're really missing out on people

那你就真的錯過了很多人

who have this direct personal experience.

有這種直接親身經歷的人。

Much greater familiarity with how technology is changing

更加熟悉技術的變化方式

and can use that expertise to all of our advantage.

並能利用這些專業知識為我們大家服務。

(bright rhythmic music)

(明快的音樂）