This week, Xi Jinping embarks on his first European tour in five years, visiting France,

本週，習近平開始了五年來的首次歐洲之行，訪問法國、

Serbia and Hungary.

塞爾維亞和匈牙利。

Unsurprisingly, his trip and his choice of host has become a source of contention, with the CCP and its European sympathisers claiming that Xi is just trying to repair EU-China relations following months of escalating trade tensions, while more sceptical commentators claim that Xi aims to divide the continent further and exploit intra-European fractures.

不出所料，習近平此行及其東道主的選擇引起了爭論，中共及其歐洲同情者聲稱，習近平只是想在數月貿易緊張局勢升級後修復歐盟與中國的關係，而更多持懷疑態度的評論家則聲稱，習近平的目的是進一步分裂歐洲大陸，利用歐洲內部的裂痕。

So we thought that now would be a good time to take a look at how European attitudes towards

是以，我們認為現在是一個很好的時機，來看看歐洲人對以下問題的態度

China differ, by looking at a couple of the most pro and anti-China countries in Europe, as well as where the two main European heavyweights, France and Germany, fall on this spectrum.

中國》的不同之處在於，它考察了歐洲幾個最親華和最反華的國家，以及歐洲兩大重量級國家--法國和德國在這一光譜中的位置。

Before we start, if you haven't already, please consider subscribing and ringing the bell to stay in the loop and be notified when we release new videos.

在我們開始之前，如果您還沒有訂閱，請考慮訂閱並按鈴，以便在我們發佈新視頻時及時收到通知。

Let's start with the most pro-China countries in Europe, Hungary and Serbia, two of the three countries that Xi is visiting this week.

讓我們從歐洲最親華的國家匈牙利和塞爾維亞開始，它們是習近平本週訪問的三個國家中的兩個。

Now, Vucic and Orban like China for two reasons.

現在，武契奇和歐爾班喜歡中國有兩個原因。

Firstly, unlike the EU, which insists on members upholding rule of law to receive funds, the CCP doesn't impose any conditions on investment, thanks to China's stated policy of non-interventionism.

首先，與歐盟堅持成員國必須遵守法治才能獲得資金不同，中國共產黨對投資不附加任何條件，這要歸功於中國公開宣佈的不干涉政策。

This simultaneously allows Vucic and Orban to receive copious amounts of investment and legitimises their illiberal policies.

這同時讓武契奇和歐爾班獲得了大量投資，並使其不自由的政策合法化。

And perhaps as a result, the Hungarian public is one of the most pro-China in Europe.

也許正因為如此，匈牙利民眾是歐洲最親中國的民眾之一。

But Hungary actually became the first EU member state to join China's Belt and Road

但實際上，匈牙利是第一個加入中國 "一帶一路 "倡議的歐盟成員國。

Initiative back in 2015, which includes the development of a high-speed railway that connects

該倡議包括開發一條高速鐵路，連接

Belgrade and Budapest.

貝爾格萊德和布達佩斯

And only a few months ago, BYD, China's biggest electric vehicle company, announced its intention to build its first European factory in Hungary.

而就在幾個月前，中國最大的電動汽車公司比亞迪宣佈，打算在匈牙利建立其在歐洲的第一家工廠。

Similarly, Serbia received nearly 20 billion euros in investment from Chinese companies in 2021 alone.

同樣，僅在 2021 年，塞爾維亞就從中國公司獲得了近 200 億歐元的投資。

And Chinese state-owned banks have provided billions more in infrastructure loans.

中國國有銀行還提供了數十億美元的基礎設施貸款。

In fact, the Balkans in general have received a lot of investment from Beijing and are sometimes framed as the front door into Europe from the East.

事實上，巴爾幹地區總體上得到了中國政府的大量投資，有時還被視為從東方進入歐洲的大門。

It's not just the money, though.

不過，這不僅僅是錢的問題。

Both Orban and Vucic opportunistically play off their relationship with China against the EU, by foregrounding China as a viable alternative.

歐爾班和武契奇都將中國作為一個可行的替代選擇，從而利用他們與中國的關係來對抗歐盟。

For example, with Serbia's EU accession talks stalled, last October Vucic and Xi signed a free trade agreement.

例如，在塞爾維亞加入歐盟談判陷入僵局的情況下，武契奇和習近平於去年 10 月簽署了自由貿易協定。

Here, Vucic explicitly argued that Serbia needed to ensure its economic survival and consider its future before becoming an EU member.

武契奇在此明確表示，塞爾維亞需要在成為歐盟成員之前確保其經濟生存並考慮其未來。

Serbia also received an invitation to the next BRICS summit, and there's some speculation that Xi's visit this week may include a formal invitation to join BRICS.

塞爾維亞還收到了參加下一屆金磚國家峰會的邀請，有人猜測習近平本週的訪問可能包括正式邀請塞爾維亞加入金磚國家。

Both Serbia and Hungary also support China when it comes to the One China policy, i.e.

塞爾維亞和匈牙利在 "一箇中國 "政策方面也支持中國，即

Taiwan.

臺灣。

Hungary's motivation here is apparently economic.

匈牙利的動機顯然是為了經濟利益。

In 2022, days after Hungary's foreign minister declared its support for the One China policy, the Chinese battery maker CATL announced that it will be building a 7.3 billion euro battery plant in the Hungarian city of Debrecen, the largest industrial investment in Hungary's history.

2022 年，就在匈牙利外交部長宣佈支持一箇中國政策的幾天後，中國電池製造商 CATL 宣佈將在匈牙利德布勒森市建造一座耗資 73 億歐元的電池廠，這是匈牙利歷史上最大的工業投資。

Vucic, on the other hand, apparently sees parallels between Taiwan and Kosovo, as illegitimate breakaway states that have unilaterally moved towards independence with the encouragement of the West.

另一方面，武契奇顯然認為臺灣和科索沃有相似之處，都是在西方鼓勵下單方面走向獨立的非法分裂國家。

So in the same way that Vucic thinks that Serbia should be able to reclaim Kosovo, he thinks that China should also be able to reclaim Taiwan.

是以，就像武契奇認為塞爾維亞應該能夠收回科索沃一樣，他認為中國也應該能夠收回臺灣。

Anyway, let's move on to the two most anti-China countries in Europe.

言歸正傳，讓我們來看看歐洲最反華的兩個國家。

As we see it, two plausible candidates are Lithuania and the UK.

在我們看來，立陶宛和英國是兩個可行的候選國。

Lithuania is an interesting one.

立陶宛是一個有趣的國家。

In the 2010s, Lithuania and many other Central and Eastern European countries were actually pretty pro-China and very keen on Chinese investment, which was, in turn, facilitated by China's 17 plus 1 initiative.

2010 年代，立陶宛和許多其他中東歐國家實際上都相當親華，非常熱衷於中國的投資，而中國的 "17 加 1 "倡議又為這些投資提供了便利。

However, the mood soured during the pandemic, both because Europe was generally becoming more China-sceptic, but also because of China's hyper-Bellacose wolf-warrior diplomacy.

然而，在大流行病期間，人們的情緒變壞了，這一方面是因為歐洲普遍變得更加懷疑中國，另一方面也是因為中國的過度貝拉科斯式的 "狼性 "外交。

And Lithuania ended up on the receiving end of a lot of this in 2022, when it pulled out of the 17 plus 1 initiative and then invited Taiwan to set up an office in Vilnius under the name of Taiwan.

2022 年，立陶宛退出了 "17 加 1 "倡議，並邀請臺灣以 "臺灣 "的名義在維爾紐斯設立辦事處。

For context, to avoid violating Beijing's one-China principle, most governments require

為避免違反中國政府的 "一箇中國 "原則，大多數國家的政府都要求

Taiwanese entities to operate under the name Chinese Taipei.

臺灣實體以 "中華臺北 "的名義運作。

This didn't amount to Lithuania recognising Taiwan as a state, but it nonetheless annoyed

這並不等同於立陶宛承認臺灣是一個國家，但它還是惹惱了立陶宛。

China, who responded by recalling their ambassador to Lithuania and ordering Lithuania's ambassador to leave Beijing.

中國的迴應是召回駐立陶宛大使，並命令立陶宛大使離開北京。

And when Lithuania refused to back down, China upped the pressure, banning export permits for Lithuanian producers and warning French and German firms that they wouldn't accept imports with Lithuanian components.

當立陶宛拒絕退讓時，中國加大了壓力，禁止立陶宛生產商獲得出口許可，並警告法國和德國公司不接受含有立陶宛成分的進口產品。

China's foreign ministry then accused Lithuania of anti-Semitism and children's rights abuses, and the state-run Global Times penned an editorial describing Lithuania as just a mouse or even a flea under the feet of a fighting elephant.

中國外交部隨後指責立陶宛反猶太主義和侵犯兒童權利，國營的《環球時報》發表社論，稱立陶宛只是一隻老鼠，甚至是戰鬥大象腳下的一隻跳蚤。

Unsurprisingly, Lithuania has probably been the EU's most vocal China critic since.

不出所料，從那時起，立陶宛可能就成了歐盟最強烈的中國批評者。

And last year, Lithuania was basically the only European country calling for a total economic decoupling with China instead of so-called de-risking.

去年，立陶宛基本上是唯一一個呼籲與中國經濟完全脫鉤，而不是所謂的去風險化的歐洲國家。

Now it's worth noting that the Baltics are generally pretty anti-China these days.

值得注意的是，如今波羅的海地區普遍非常反華。

But that's probably because they sense that China is tacitly supporting Russia's campaign in Ukraine, which they obviously don't like.

但這可能是因為他們感覺到中國在默默支持俄羅斯在烏克蘭的行動，而這顯然是他們不喜歡的。

When it comes to the UK, we've done a whole video on this over on our UK channel, which is linked in the description.

說到英國，我們在英國頻道上做了一個完整的視頻，鏈接在描述中。

But the TLDR is that the UK has gone from being one of the most pro-China countries in Europe in the 2010s to one of the most anti-China today.

但總而言之，英國已經從 2010 年代歐洲最親華的國家之一變成了如今最反華的國家之一。

Now there are a whole variety of reasons for this, but one of the biggest reasons is China's crackdown in Hong Kong.

造成這種情況的原因有很多，但最大的原因之一是中國對香港的打壓。

For obvious historical reasons, this had more of an effect on China's image in the UK than it did in the rest of Europe, and turned then Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who previously described himself as fervently Sinophile, into one of the most anti-China politicians in Europe.

由於顯而易見的歷史原因，這對中國在英國的形象造成的影響要大於在歐洲其他國家造成的影響，也讓時任首相的鮑里斯-約翰遜（Boris Johnson，他曾自稱熱衷於中國）變成了歐洲最反華的政客之一。

And the UK was even the only big European country to boycott the Beijing Winter Olympics.

英國甚至是唯一抵制北京冬奧會的歐洲大國。

Finally, let's talk about France and Germany.

最後，讓我們談談法國和德國。

France and Germany are probably both more pro-China than the European median, but for very different reasons.

法國和德國可能都比歐洲的中位數更加親華，但原因卻截然不同。

Macron thinks that Europe needs to maintain good relations with China for geopolitical reasons.

馬克龍認為，出於地緣政治的考慮，歐洲需要與中國保持良好關係。

Namely, to maintain distance with the US, and avoid getting dragged into the escalating

即與美國保持距離，避免被拖入不斷升級的

US-China Cold War.

美中冷戰。

Scholz on the other hand wants to maintain good relations with China for economic reasons.

另一方面，出於經濟原因，肖爾茨希望與中國保持良好關係。

German companies, especially German car companies, have developed deep commercial interests in

德國公司，尤其是德國汽車公司，已經在以下地區建立了深厚的商業利益

China, and a full on decoupling would seriously exacerbate Germany's already serious economic woes.

與中國完全脫鉤將嚴重加劇德國本已嚴重的經濟困境。

And this divide has been fundamentally bad news for European cohesion.

而這種分歧從根本上說對歐洲的凝聚力是個壞消息。

Many European countries are irritated by both Macron's apparent affability toward Xi, and by Scholz's resistance to any substantial de-risking.

許多歐洲國家對馬克龍表面上對習近平的和藹可親以及肖爾茨對任何實質性去風險化的抵制感到惱火。

But on top of that, France and Germany themselves are constantly bickering over the EU's China policy.

除此之外，法國和德國本身也在歐盟的對華政策上不斷爭吵。

The most recent point of tension is over-protectionism.

最近的緊張局勢是過度保護主義。

That's because Macron wants to spend European money protecting industries from cheap Chinese alternatives, especially electric vehicles.

這是因為馬克龍希望用歐洲的錢來保護工業免受中國廉價替代品的影響，尤其是電動汽車。

Scholz resists this though, in part because he's worried that this could be the start of a slippery slope towards a full on EU-China trade war, which will be bad news for a number of big German companies.

不過，肖爾茨對此持抵制態度，部分原因是他擔心這可能會成為中歐全面貿易戰滑坡的開端，這對許多德國大公司來說將是個壞消息。

Anyway, the point we're trying to make here is that even if Xi is trying to divide and conquer Europe with his trip, the best way for Europe to safeguard against this would be just better cohesion in the first place.

不管怎麼說，我們在這裡想說的是，即使習近平此行是想分化和征服歐洲，歐洲防範這種情況的最好辦法也只是首先加強凝聚力。

There's definitely going to be new developments with this story though, so keep an eye out for future changes.

不過，這個故事肯定會有新的發展，請留意未來的變化。

Actually, the best way to stay on top of the news is with Nebula News.

事實上，瞭解新聞的最佳途徑就是《星雲新聞》。

If you haven't heard, we've just launched a project alongside our partners at Nebula called Nebula News, where every day the TLDR team curates a selection of videos that matter the most in the world right now.

如果你還沒有聽說，我們剛剛與我們在星雲的合作伙伴一起推出了一個名為 "星雲新聞 "的項目，TLDR 團隊每天都會在這裡精選出當下世界上最重要的視頻。

As you surely already know, Nebula is the thoughtful streaming service that's pushing boundaries on what independent creators can do with their content, including Nebula News, where we handpick a feed of content that should help you keep up to date with everything you need to sound smart and be truly informed.

您肯定已經知道，Nebula 是一個貼心的流媒體服務，它不斷挑戰獨立創作者在內容方面的極限，包括 Nebula News，我們精心挑選的內容可以幫助您瞭解最新資訊，讓您聽起來更聰明，獲得真正的資訊。

We believe that in a confusing and overwhelming news environment, knowing what to pay attention to is important.

我們相信，在混亂不堪的新聞環境中，知道該關注什麼非常重要。

You can't track every story, so our curation should help to surface what really matters.

您不可能追蹤到每一條新聞，是以我們的策劃應能幫助您瞭解真正重要的新聞。

We'll be showing you videos from TLDR and other superb creators that will help you understand the world around you quickly and easily.

我們將為您播放來自 TLDR 和其他優秀創作者的視頻，幫助您快速、輕鬆地瞭解周圍的世界。

It's not just the curated news content brought to you directly by us, Nebula also features loads of exclusive original content.

不僅僅是我們直接為您提供的新聞內容，Nebula 還提供大量獨家原創內容。

That's things like Real Life Lore's brand new series War Room, which every month runs you through a whole load of ongoing conflicts to keep you in the loop.

比如《真實生活傳說》的全新系列節目《戰爭室》，每個月都會為您播報大量正在發生的衝突，讓您隨時瞭解最新情況。

You can also watch every TLDR video on Nebula ad free, and in many instances, before they land on YouTube.

您還可以免費觀看星雲上的每一個 TLDR 視頻，而且在很多情況下，這些視頻還沒有登陸 YouTube。

Now, if you're already subscribed to Nebula, then you can find the brand new Nebula News section at nebula.tv forward slash news, and make sure to bookmark or save that link so that you can use it as your TLDRified news homepage.

現在，如果你已經訂閱了星雲，那麼你可以在nebula.tv forward slash news上找到全新的星雲新聞版塊，並確保將該鏈接加入書籤或保存起來，以便將其作為你的TLDR化新聞主頁。

If you're not a member already, you can click the link in the description to sign up now.

如果您還不是會員，可以點擊說明中的鏈接立即註冊。

If you do, you'll get 40% off an annual plan by using our link.

如果您使用我們的鏈接，您將獲得年度計劃 40% 的折扣。

That's less than £2 a month.

每月不到 2 英鎊。

Plus, Nebula will know that you came from us, which really helps us out.

另外，星雲會知道你來自我們這裡，這對我們很有幫助。

Now, we've got some really great feedback from existing members, so I hope you enjoy all the effort we're going to with Nebula News.

現在，我們從現有會員那裡得到了一些非常好的反饋，所以我希望你們喜歡我們為《星雲新聞》所做的一切努力。