This is News Review from BBC Learning English, where we help you understand news headlines in English. I'm Neil.

這是來自 BBC Learning English 的新聞評論節目，在這我們幫助你理解英語新聞標題。 我是 Neil。

And I'm Beth.

我是 Beth。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn all the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.

請確保看到影片最後，以了解談論這個故事所需的所有詞彙。

And remember to subscribe to our channel so you can learn more English from news headlines.

請記得訂閱我們的頻道，以便你可以從新聞標題中學習更多英語。

Now the story.

現在開始故事。

Buying cigarettes is to become illegal for anyone born after 2009, for their whole life.

對於 2009 年後出生的人來說，購買香菸將終身違法。

Lawmakers in the UK have approved a government plan to create a smoke-free generation.

英國立法者批准了一項打造無菸世代的政府計劃。

The law will make the sale of tobacco products, but not the act of smoking, illegal.

該法將煙草製品的銷售定為非法，但吸煙行為不為非法。

Tobacco use is the UK's single biggest preventable cause of death, killing 80,000 people every year.

菸草使用是英國最大的可預防死亡原因，每年造成 8 萬人死亡。

You've been looking at the headlines, Beth. What's the vocabulary people need to understand this story in English?

你一直在看頭條新聞，Beth。 人們需要哪些詞彙來理解這個英語故事？

We have 'backlash,' 'derail,' and 'nuts.'

我們有「強烈反對」、「阻攘」和「愚蠢的」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞評論節目。

Let's have our first headline.

讓我們來看看第一個標題。

This is from the Financial Times: Rishi Sunak faces Tory backlash against long-term smoking ban.

這是來自《金融時報》的報導：里希·蘇納克面臨保守黨對長期禁煙令的強烈反對。

OK, so this headline says that Rishi Sunak, who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is facing a backlash from members of his own party. That's the Tory party. That's a nickname for Conservative.

好吧，這個標題說的是英國首相里希·蘇納克正面臨本黨成員的強烈反對。 就是保守黨。 這是保守黨的暱稱。

We are looking at 'backlash.' It's made of two parts, and it's helpful to break them down.

我們要看的字是「強烈反對」。 它由兩個部分組成，將它們分解會很有幫助。

Yes, so the first part is back, which is the opposite of going forwards. And the second part is lash, which means to hit hard, like this.

是的，所以第一部分是 back，這與前進相反。 第二部分是 lash，意思是重擊，像這樣。

Now the original meaning was machinery that, when it broke, went backwards.

原來的意思是機械，當它損壞時，就會倒退。

And it still has that kind of meaning, but used metaphorically because backlash is a strong rejection of something.

它仍然具有這種含義，但用於隱喻，因為「強烈反對」是對某事物的強烈拒絕。

Yes, and that's what this headline is saying, that there are members of Rishi Sunak's own party who really don't like this idea, this proposal, to ban smoking.

是的，這就是這個標題所說的，里希·蘇納克自己的政黨中有一些成員真的不喜歡這個禁止吸煙的想法、建議。

And so there is a backlash. They reject the idea.

因此出現了強烈反對。 他們拒絕這個想法。

We can also use this, for example, to talk about a school which tries to ban junk food.

例如，我們也可以用它來談論一所試圖禁止垃圾食物的學校。

The kids really want junk food. There could be a backlash against that decision.

孩子們真的很想要垃圾食物。 這項決定可能會遭到強烈反對。

Yes. Now, it is often used for these large-scale, serious events that maybe affect the public.

是的。 它經常用於那些可能影響公眾的大規模、嚴重事件。

Not really used for everyday personal situations.

並不會真的用於日常個人情況。

Now, Neil, I'm having a birthday party this weekend. We're going to karaoke, and some of my friends don't really like singing.

Neil，這個週末我要舉辦一個生日派對。 我們要去卡拉 OK，我的一些朋友不太喜歡唱歌。

But I wouldn't say there's been a backlash against the idea. It just sounds a bit strange.

但我不會說這個想法遭到強烈反對了。 只是聽起來有點奇怪。

It does sound strange.

聽起來確實很奇怪。

There is an alternative word to backlash with a very similar meaning, outcry.

強烈反對還有一個意思非常相似的替代詞：抗議。

But again, used for sort of large-scale, serious things.

但同樣，用於某種大規模、嚴重的事情。

And so I wouldn't say that there was an outcry against your decision to go to karaoke, even though I haven't been invited.

所以我不會說有人「抗議」你去卡拉 OK 的決定，儘管我沒有被邀請。

Let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

Let's have a look at our next headline.

下一個標題。

This is from The Guardian: Tabacco firms lobbying MPs to derail smoking phase-out, charity warns.

這是來自《衛報》的報導：慈善機構警告說，菸草公司遊說國會議員阻止逐步禁煙。

So this headline means that tobacco firms, that's tobacco companies, have been lobbying MPs.

所以這個標題意味著菸草公司，一直在遊說國會議員。

Lobbying is trying to influence the decisions that MPs make.

遊說活動試圖影響議員們所做的決定。

We're looking, though, at derail, a word we can break up into two parts, de, and rail. Rail is connected to trains, Beth.

不過，我們要看的是「阻撓」這個詞，我們可以將其分為兩部分：「de」和「rail」。 Beth，鐵路與火車相連。

Well, there are definitely no trains being talked about here in this headline.

好吧，這個標題中肯定沒有談論火車。

But the literal meaning of derail is for a train to come off its tracks.

但 derail 的字面意思是火車脫離軌道。

Here it's metaphorical, and it means [to] prevent something from reaching its final place.

這裡是隱喻性的，意思是阻止某物到達其最終位置。

OK, yeah, so when a train derails, it literally can't get to its destination.

好吧，是的，所以當火車脫軌時，它實際上無法到達目的地。

Here, in the metaphorical use in the headline, it means this idea, this proposal, can't get to its final metaphorical destination.

在這裡，在標題中的隱喻用法中，這意味著這個想法、這個提議無法到達其最終的隱喻目的地。

Yes, that's right. Now, this is very often used for plans, the word derail, and quite often controversial ones, like smoking. It is a controversial topic.

恩，那就對了。 現在，derail 這個詞經常用於計劃，以及經常有爭議的事情，例如吸煙。 這是一個有爭議的話題。

And thinking about that, Neil, in my town, they have decided to build some flats in a park.

考慮到這一點，Neil，在我的城鎮，他們決定在公園裡建造一些公寓。

A lot of people are not happy about it, and they are trying to derail it. They've set up a group to derail it.

很多人對此並不滿意，並試圖阻撓。 他們成立了一個小組阻撓這件事。

But again, that is a big, serious situation. Derail is not really used for personal, everyday things.

但同樣，這是一個重大而嚴重的情況。 Derail 並不會真的用於個人的日常事務。

My friends will hopefully, you know, not derail the plans for the birthday party. Or we wouldn't say that, at least.

你知道，我的朋友們希望不會阻饒生日派對的計畫。 或者至少我們不會這麼說。

No, it sounds way too formal, doesn't it?

不，這聽起來太正式了，不是嗎？

Yeah.

沒錯。

Alternatives to derail with a very similar meaning are scupper and sabotage. Again, for big, serious things.

意思非常相似的 derail 的替代詞是 scupper 和 sabotage。 再說一遍，對於重大而嚴肅的事情。

But for more low-scale, less serious events, like your party that you haven't invited me to, we could use wreck, for example. I might try and wreck your plans.

但對於規模較小、不太嚴重的活動，例如你沒有邀請我參加的聚會，我們可以使用 wreck 等。 我可能會嘗試破壞你的計劃。

Oh yeah.

噢是嗎？

Let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

Let's have our next headline.

下一個標題。

This is from BBC News: Rishi Sunak's attempts to ban smoking is nuts, says Boris Johnson.

這是來自 BBC 新聞： 鮑里斯·強森表示，里希·蘇納克的禁煙嘗試是愚蠢的。

So, this headline is about something the former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said about Rishi Sunak's plans to ban smoking.

所以，這個標題是關於英國前首相鮑里斯·強森關於里希·蘇納克禁煙計劃的言論。

He said they are nuts. Nuts, Beth! That's a food. So, why is there a reference to food in this headline about smoking?

他說他們瘋了。 Nuts （堅果），Beth！ 那是一種食物。 為什麼在有關吸煙的標題中提到食物呢？

Well, they're not talking about food here at all. Here, nuts means crazy.

他們根本不是在談論食物。 在這裡，堅果意味著瘋狂。

So, Boris Johnson saying banning smoking is nuts means he thinks it's crazy.

因此，鮑里斯·強森說禁止吸煙是瘋狂的，這意味著他認為這很瘋狂。

And it is often used with ideas and suggestions.

它經常與想法和建議一起使用。

Neil, you are running a marathon soon and you haven't done any training yet. That is nuts.

尼爾，你馬上就要跑馬拉鬆了，但你還沒做任何訓練。 你真是瘋了。

Now, something interesting about this word is that it is an adjective, but it's usually used after the noun.

現在，這個詞有趣的是它是一個形容詞，但通常用在名詞後面。

We can say that idea is nuts, but you wouldn't say it's a nuts idea. Sounds a bit strange.

我們可以說這個想法很瘋狂，但你不會說這是一個 nuts idea。 聽起來有點奇怪。

Okay. So, is this a common thing in English? Can we use food to mean crazy? Can I say that the idea is apples?

好的。 那麼，這在英語中常見嗎？ 我們可以用食物來表示瘋狂嗎？ 我可以說這個想法是蘋果嗎？

You can't say it's apples, but you can say it's bananas.

你不能說它是蘋果，但你可以說它是香蕉。

So, bananas is another way of saying crazy. Also, crackers. That idea is crackers.

所以，香蕉是瘋狂的另一種說法。 還有愚蠢的。 這個想法很愚蠢。

A different word not related to food would be bonkers.

另一個與食物無關的字是「bonkers（愚蠢的）」。

Okay. Yes, bonkers. That's a good word. It's a bonkers idea for you to have a party without me.

好的。 是的，愚蠢的。 這是一個很棒的詞。 你在沒有我的情況下舉辦聚會真是個瘋狂的主意。

Let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

We've had backlash – strong rejection of an idea.

我們學習了強烈反對——對一個想法的強烈拒絕。

Derail – stop a plan.

阻饒——阻止一個計畫。

And nuts – crazy.

愚蠢的——瘋狂的。

Now, if you're interested in learning more about the language of health, click here.

現在，如果你有興趣了解有關健康語言的更多信息，請按這裡。

Don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel so you never miss another video.

不要忘記點擊此處訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就不會錯過任何其他影片。

Thank you for joining us and goodbye.

感謝參與。

Bye.

掰。