This is something that gives people trouble often it seems, so I'm here to explain it a little bit

人們常常會搞混他們的用法。所以，在這堂課我會稍微跟你們解釋

and show you when to use it, when not to use it.

讓你們知道哪時候要用到他們，而哪時候不可以用到他們

First of all, what does this word mean: "reciprocal"? "To reciprocate"-that's the verb-"to reciprocate"

第一點，「reciprocal」這個字是什麼意思？「To reciprocate」是動詞－「to reciprocate」

means to return an action. So I do something for you, you do something for me. The action

意思是動作的往來。所以，我為了你們做某件事，而你們為了我做某件事。動作是

is reciprocal; goes one way, goes the other way. Doesn't have to be the same action, but

互相的，兩方的互動。不需要是一樣的動作，但

it's some sort of... Returning a favour basically or returning help.

有點像是回報、報答的意思

So we can use: "each other" or "one another" to show a reciprocal action. These are called

所以，我們可以用到「each other」或是「one another」，讓人知道是一個動作的往來。這兩個字（each other/one another）

reciprocal pronouns. Okay? "Each" is a pronoun, "one" is a pronoun, "another" is a pronoun.

是相互代名詞。「Each」是代名詞，「one」是代名詞，「another」是代名詞

These are in groups, they are reciprocal pronouns. Now, quite often, people mix these... They

each other和one another是一組的，稱為相互代名詞 。現在，人們時常會搞混這兩個用法。他們

mix the use of this with "themselves". Okay? "Themselves" is not a reciprocal pronoun.

會混淆「themselves」和他們（each other/one another）的用法。「Themselves」不是相互代名詞

"Themselves" is called a reflexive pronoun. I won't get into too much detail about reflexive here,

「Themselves」是所謂的反身代名詞。我不會跟你們提太多什麼是反身代名詞

but a "reflexive pronoun" is a pronoun when you have the subject acting on the object, and the object is the same as the subject.

但，一個「reflexive pronoun」是代名詞，表示一個句子中的主詞對受詞有所動作，而主詞和受詞指的是同一對象

So: "I hit myself." I am the subject, I am also the object.

例如：「我打傷自己」，我是主詞，我也是受詞（承受者）

I hit myself, it's reflecting back to me.

我打傷自己，是一個代替自己的代名詞

Reciprocal, there's always somebody else or other people involved besides myself. Okay? Besides me.

相互的，指的是除了自己以外，某個人或是其他人會牽涉到的

"Tom and Jerry hated each other." Now, I'm not sure how old some of you are.

像是「Tom and Jerry hated each other（Tom和Jerry討厭彼此）」。我不知道你們幾歲

I know I'm maybe giving away my age a little bit, but Tom and Jerry were very popular cartoon characters when I was a kid.

我知道我可能有點老了，但，在我還是小孩時，Tom和Jerry是非常有名的卡通人物

Tom... Tom was the cat I believe, Jerry was the mouse,

我想Tom應該是隻貓，而Jerry是一隻老鼠

and they always used to hate each other. Near the end, when I got older, they became friends;

他們過去是討厭彼此的。而現在，隨著我的年紀漸長，他們倆個則成了朋友

it was very disappointing. It was better when they hated each other and always used to do bad things to each other because they were... It was kind of funny.

這令人失望的。他們討厭彼此、常常陷害對方的情節反而比較有趣吸引人的

"Tom and Jerry hated each other."

「Tom和Jerry討厭彼此」

Tom hated Jerry, Jerry hated Tom; the feeling was reciprocal. Okay?

Tom討厭Jerry，而Jerry也討厭Tom；這樣的感覺是互相的

Here, it's not an action, it's a feeling, but we can use it in the same way. We use it like an action verb.

這邊，hated不是一個動詞，是一個感覺，但，我們還是用他作為動詞

"Tom and Jerry hated one another." Basically, the meaning is the same.

「Tom和Jerry互相討厭」。基本上，兩個意思是一樣的

Now, there's an argument between grammarians, people who study grammar, who think that "each other"

但，在文法學者之間有個爭論，他們認為「each other」

should only involve two characters, "one another" should involve more than two characters. Realistically though,

指的是兩者，而「one another」指的是三者或三者以上。在實際情況中

they're interchangeable; you can use one or the other.

他們是可以互換的。你們可以用each other或one another，都可以

Everybody will get the exact same meaning, regardless which one you use. Okay?

不管你們用哪一個，每個人絕對都會有同樣的理解

Now: "Tom and Jerry hated themselves."

「Tom和Jerry討厭themselves（他們自己）」

Does this mean the same as these two? No, it does not. If we say: "Tom and Jerry hated themselves."

這個意思和他們兩個（each other/one another）一樣嗎？意思是不一樣。如果我們說：「Tom和Jerry討厭themselves」

means Tom hated Tom, Jerry hated Jerry. No relation between the two. Tom hated himself,

意思是Tom討厭Tom，而Jerry討厭Jerry。兩個是個別不相關的。Tom討厭他自己

Jerry hated himself. Okay? So this is not a reciprocal action; this is a reflexive.

而Jerry討厭他自己。所以，這個不是一個相互的動作；這是一個反身代名詞

Now, another situation we have is with the apostrophe. Okay?

另一個有關的是撇號（' ）

"Linda and Kate were bridesmaids at each other's weddings."

「Linda和Kate為彼此婚禮中的伴娘（each other's）」

"Linda and Kate were bridesmaids at one another's weddings."

「Linda和Kate為彼此婚禮中的伴娘（one another's）」

"Wedding", I'm going to have to look that one up. "Each other's weddings" though for sure. Okay?

還是「Wedding」沒s，我要去再去查看看。不過，「Each other's weddings」是對的

It basically means the same idea. One to you, one back to me; reciprocal actions. And you can use it.

他們意思一樣。一個是你們，而另一個是我，一個相互的動作。你們可以這樣用

Now, some people put these together, especially language learners who are a little bit new to the language, they say: "Each other".

另外，特別對於一些英文學習者而言，會誤寫成eachother。因為他們會分開兩個英文單字發成「each other」

Now, keep in mind, a native speaker will take the "ch" sound with the "o" and mix it - " "eachother",

但是，記得一件事情，英文母語者則會把「ch」和「o」的音發在一起，則會變成「eachother」

but they are two separate words, you can't mix them.

但，他們是分開的兩個英文單字，你不可以寫成一個單字eachother

And some people also think you can put the apostrophe

再來，有一些人也會認為，你可以把撇號（' ）

after the "s", this is also not the case because we're talking about one person to one person,

放在「s」後面，這樣的字詞則不構成意思，因為我們說的是一個人和另一個人

so the "s" always comes... The apostrophe-sorry-always comes before the "s" to show possession. Okay?

所以，這個「s」會在‧‧‧不好意思，是撇號（' ）會在「s」前面，擁有某件事物的意思

It's a little bit confusing, but very useful to know how to use these. Actions going two-way.

這是有點難以理解的。但是，他們非常實用。動作是來自兩方的

If you're not sure, go to www.engvid.com, there'll be a quiz there where you can try out these examples.

如果你們還有遲疑，來www.engvid.com看看，那裡會有小測驗，你們可以試看看

And if you have any questions, please ask; I'll be very happy to answer them.

還有，如果你們還有任何問題，請儘管發問。我會很榮幸的幫助你們

See you again.

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