Here's the good news, The universe likely couldn't  care less about you! Because Cosmo is indifferent.

好消息是，宇宙可能不在乎你！因為宇宙是冷漠的。

But wait, it gets even better! There's this thing  called the Anthropic Shadow, which basically says  

等等，我還有另一個好消息！有一種叫做「人類黑區」的東西，它基本上是說

we're just lucky to be alive because we've  dodged all these cosmic disasters by chance.

我們能活著很幸運，因為我們偶然躲過了所有這些宇宙災難。

It's like the universe has been  playing an epic game of dodgeball,  

就好像宇宙正在玩一場史詩般的躲避球遊戲，

and we're somehow still standing.

而我們不知何故仍然站著。

And then there's the Fermi Paradox, asking  why we haven't bumped into any aliens yet.  

然後是費米悖論，問為什麼我們還沒遇到任何外星人。

Maybe they're just avoiding us like we're  the weirdos of the universe's block party.

也許他們只是在躲避我們，就像我們是宇宙街區派對上的怪人一樣。

Anyway, I don't know about you, but  these three concepts actually give  

不管怎樣，我不了解你，但這三個概念實際上給了

me quite a bit of existential dread,  so let's talk about them one by one.

我相當多的存在性焦慮，所以讓我們一一談談。

Ok, let's start with the first one:

好吧，讓我們從第一個開始：

1.Anthropic Shadow

1.人類黑區

Imagine you're in a dark  room playing hide and seek,  

想像你在一個黑暗的房間裡玩捉迷藏，

and you've found what you  think is a really good spot.

並且你已經找到了你認為非常好的地方。

You start to think this spot is so  good that nobody could ever find you.

你開始認為這個地方太好了，沒人能找到你。

But in reality, the only reason that nobody has  

但實際上，還沒有人

found you yet is just that…  they haven't, but they will.

找到你的唯一原因是……他們沒有，但他們會的。

That is Anthropic Shadow.

那是人類黑區。

We're all here alive, living our lives,  because we've managed to avoid the big,  

我們都還活著，過著自己的生活，因為我們成功地避免了 那些可能讓我們滅亡的

bad events that could have wiped us out.

重大、 糟糕的事件。

But just because we've been lucky so far doesn't  mean those scary things aren't out there.

但僅僅因為到目前為止我們很幸運並不代表那些可怕的事情不存在。

The concept of the "Anthropic Shadow"  is a critical and thought-provoking idea  

「人類黑區」的概念是

introduced by Nick Bostrom. It refers to  an observation selection effect that skews  

尼克·博斯特羅姆提出的一個批判性且發人深省的想法。它指的是一種觀察選擇效應，它扭曲了

our understanding of catastrophic  events' frequency and severity.

我們對災難性事件發生頻率和嚴重程度的理解。

Essentially, it suggests that humanity's current  existence imposes a bias on our ability to observe  

從本質上講，它表明人類當前的存在對我們觀察

and evaluate the true likelihood of  existential or catastrophic events.

和評估存在或災難性事件的真實可能性的 能力產生了偏見 。

To understand this concept,  

為了理解這個概念，

I think it will be helpful to talk  about what the term"Anthropic" means.

我認為談談「Anthropic」一詞的意思會有所幫助。

The term "Anthropic" comes from the Greek  word "anthropos," meaning "human." It is  

“Anthropic”一詞源自希臘語“anthropos”，意思是“人類”。它

often used in philosophical and  scientific discussions to refer  

經常用於哲學和科學討論中，指

to anything related to human  beings or the human condition.

與人類或人類狀況有關的任何事物。

In broader contexts, it's also related  to the observation and understanding  

在更廣泛的背景下，它也與

of the universe from a human-centered perspective.

以人類為中心的視角對宇宙的觀察和理解有關。

This concept is foundational in various  discussions, including the Anthropic Principle,  

這個概念是各種討論的基礎，包括人擇原理，

which argues that the universe's  laws and constants appear finely  

它認為宇宙的定律和常數似乎經過精心

tuned to support life because only  a universe capable of eventually  

調整以支持生命，因為只有一個能夠最終

supporting observers (like humans)  would be observed in the first place.

支持觀察者（如人類）的宇宙首先才會被觀察到。

This principle highlights the  interconnectedness between the  

這原理強調了 觀察者的存在與他們所處的宇宙類型

existence of observers and the type  of universe they find themselves in.

之間的相互關聯 。這種效應表明，人類可能低估了

This effect suggests that humans  might underestimate the frequency  

能夠消滅人類生命的災難性事件的

of catastrophic events capable of wiping  out human life because, by necessity,  

頻率 ，因為 人類必然沒有觀察到此類事件－如果

humans have not observed such an event—they  wouldn't be here to make the observation if  

這樣的事件發生在他們附近或他們存在期間，

such an event had occurred in their  vicinity or during their existence.

他們就不會在這裡進行觀察 。

The Anthropic Shadow can apply to various  scales and types of catastrophic events,  

人擇陰影可以適用於各種規模和類型的災難性事件，

from asteroid impacts to volcanic eruptions,  pandemics, or even broader cosmological phenomena  

從小行星撞擊到火山爆發、流行病，甚至更廣泛的宇宙現象，

like the collapse of vacuum states, gamma-ray  bursts, and nearby supernova explosions. Each of  

如真空態崩潰、伽馬射線暴和附近的超新星爆炸。 這些現像 中的每一種都

these phenomena represents a significant, though  varying, existential threat to life on Earth.

對地球上的生命構成了重大但各不相同的生存威脅。

Since these events are, by their nature,  capable of eliminating observers,  

由於這些事件本質上能夠消除觀察者，因此

there is a built-in bias in the  data humans can collect about them.

人類收集到的有關它們的數據存在固有的偏見。

The anthropic shadow has significant  implications for the assessment of human  

人為陰影對於評估人類

extinction risks and suggests directions  for future research into understanding  

滅絕風險具有重要意義，並為未來研究了解

these biases and their impact on  estimating catastrophic risks​​.

這些偏差及其對估計災難性風險的影響提供了方向。

The concept of the Anthropic Shadow raises  existential concerns by pointing out our  

人類黑區的概念指出了我們

blind spots to potential extinction-level events.

對潛在滅絕等級事件的盲點，引發了人們對存在的擔憂。

The reasoning behind it suggests we  might be living in a misleadingly safe  

背後的推理表明，我們可能生活在一個誤導性的安全

period—a "shadow"—because  we've not yet encountered,  

時期——一個「陰影」——因為我們還沒有遇到，

nor could we observe, events that  could wipe out human existence.

也無法觀察到可能消滅人類存在的事件。

This perspective induces a kind of existential  dread by highlighting a twofold ignorance:

這種觀點透過強調雙重無知而引發了一種存在主義的恐懼：

Not only are we unaware of the true frequency  of these catastrophic events, but our very  

我們不僅不知道這些災難性事件發生的真實頻率，而且我們的

existence might be contingent on the improbable  absence of such events in our recent past.

存在可能取決於最近發生的此類事件不太可能發生。

It's akin to walking through  a minefield blindfolded,  

這就像蒙著眼睛走過雷區，

blissfully unaware of the dangers  we've luckily avoided so far.

幸福地沒有意識到我們迄今為止幸運地避免了危險。

This can lead to a false sense of security about  the future and perhaps a failure to take adequate  

這可能會導致對未來產生錯誤的安全感，並且可能無法對

precautions against existential threats that  have not yet occurred but might be overdue.

尚未發生但可能早就發生的生存威脅採取足夠的預防措施。

Moreover, the Anthropic Shadow can  contribute to existential dread  

此外，人類黑區會讓

by making us question the stability and  longevity of our existence in the cosmos.

我們質疑自己在宇宙中存在的穩定性和壽命，從而加劇恐懼。

The idea that our survival might hinge  on sheer luck or rare conditions rather  

我們的生存可能取決於純粹的運氣或罕見的條件，而不是

than robust safety from existential  threats can be deeply unsettling.

免受生存威脅的強大安全，這種想法可能會令人深感不安。

It challenges the assumption that humanity will  

它挑戰了人類將

continue to progress or even survive  in the long term, injecting a note of  

繼續進步甚至長期生存的 假設 ，

fragility and precariousness into  our conception of human destiny.

為我們的人類命運觀念注入了脆弱性和不穩定的色彩。

The existential dread stirred by  the Anthropic Shadow is not just  

人類黑區所激起的生存恐懼不僅在於

about the fear of unknown threats;  it's also about the realization of  

對未知威脅的恐懼；還在於對未知威脅的恐懼。它也涉及我們認識到

our limitations in understanding  and preparing for these threats.

我們在理解和應對這些威脅方面的局限性。

It confronts us with the profound  uncertainty of our place in the universe,  

它使我們面臨著我們在宇宙中的位置的巨大不確定性，

suggesting that our continued  existence may depend more on  

這表明我們的持續存在可能更多地取決於

chance than on our ability to control  or even perceive the risks we face.

機會，而不是我們控制甚至感知我們所面臨的風險的能力。

2.Fermi Paradox and the Great Filter

2.費米悖論和大過濾器理論

The Fermi Paradox is named after physicist Enrico  Fermi and highlights the contradiction between  

費米悖論以物理學家恩里科·費米的名字命名，它強調了

the high probability of extraterrestrial life  existing in the universe, given the vast number  

宇宙中存在外星生命的可能性很高（考慮到

of stars and planets, and the complete  lack of evidence for such civilizations.

恆星和行星數量巨大，而完全缺乏證據）之間的矛盾。文明。

In 1950, Fermi famously questioned,  "Where is everybody?" reflecting on why,  

1950 年，費米提出了著名的問題：“每個人都在哪裡？”反思一下，

if the universe is teeming with life, we  have not yet encountered any signs of it​​.

如果宇宙充滿生命，為什麼我們還沒有遇到它的任何跡象。

The Great Filter theory offers a  potential resolution to the Fermi Paradox.

大過濾器理論為費米悖論提供了一個潛在的解決方案。

It suggests that there is a significant barrier  or set of barriers in the development of life,  

它表明， 從最簡單的形式到成為

from its simplest form to becoming a  technologically advanced civilization  

能夠進行星際通訊或旅行 的技術先進的文明

capable of interstellar communication or travel.

，生命的發展存在一個或一組重大障礙

This filter could be so insurmountable that  it prevents civilizations from reaching a  

。 這個過濾器可能是如此難以克服，以至於它阻止文明達到

stage where they can make their  presence known across the cosmos.

可以讓整個宇宙知道其存在的階段。

The Great Filter could be behind us,  

大過濾器可能已經過去，

suggesting humanity has already passed  the most significant hurdles to existence.

這表明人類已經跨越了生存的最重大障礙。

Alternatively, it might still lie ahead,  posing unknown challenges that could  

或者，它可能仍然在前方，帶來未知的挑戰，可能

prevent us from advancing further  or even lead to our extinction​​​​.

阻止我們進一步前進，甚至導致我們的滅絕。

Several stages have been proposed as  potential points for the Great Filter,  

人們提出了幾個階段作為大過濾的潛在點，

ranging from the emergence of  life from non-life (abiogenesis),  

從非生命生命的出現（自然發生）、

the development of multicellular life,  the rise of technologically advanced  

多細胞生命的發展、技術先進

civilizations, to the ability of such  civilizations to avoid self-destruction.

文明的興起，到這些文明避免自我毀滅的能力。破壞。

The exact nature of the Great Filter remains  speculative, with hypotheses including the  

大過濾器的確切性質仍然是推測性的，假設包括

rarity of life's emergence, the difficulty  of transitioning to multicellular organisms,  

生命出現的稀有性、過渡到多細胞生物體的困難

or self-destructive tendencies  of advanced civilizations​​​​.

或先進文明的自我毀滅傾向。

Astrobiology research and the search  for technosignatures or biosignatures  

天體生物學研究以及對技術特徵或生物特徵的探索

continue to refine our understanding  of where the Great Filter might lie.

繼續完善我們對大過濾器可能所在位置的理解。

If evidence of simple life forms is found to  be common in the galaxy but technosignatures  

如果發現簡單生命形式的證據在銀河系中很常見，但技術特徵

are rare, it could indicate that the  Great Filter lies in the development  

很少見，這可能表明大過濾在於

of technological civilizations rather  than the emergence of life itself​​.

技術文明的發展，而不是生命本身的出現。

The implications of the Great Filter are  profound. If the Filter is behind us,  

大過濾器的影響是深遠的。如果過濾器在我們身後，

it suggests that humanity is among  the rare instances of life that have  

那就表示人類是 成功應對生存最重大挑戰

successfully navigated the most significant  challenges to existence. If it lies ahead,  

的罕見生命實例之一 。 如果它位於前方，

it could mean that the development of  advanced, space-faring civilizations  

則可能意味著先進的太空文明的發展

is exceedingly rare, possibly due to inherent  self-destructive tendencies or insurmountable  

極為罕見，可能是由於固有的自我毀滅傾向或無法克服的

technological challenges​​. 3.Cosmic Indifference

技術挑戰。 3.宇宙冷漠論和宇宙主義 宇宙

Cosmic Indifference, closely related to  the concept of Cosmicism, is a literary  

冷漠與宇宙主義概念密切相關，是一種

and philosophical idea most prominently associated  with the work of American writer H.P. Lovecraft.

與美國作家洛夫克拉夫特的作品最相關的文學和哲學思想。

This concept posits that the  universe is vast, ancient,  

這個概念假定宇宙是廣闊的、古老的、

and indifferent to the existence of humanity.  It suggests that human achievements, struggles,  

並對人類的存在漠不關心。 它表明， 在宇宙的背景下看待

and emotions are ultimately meaningless when  viewed against the backdrop of the cosmos.

人類的成就、鬥爭 和情感最終毫無意義。

Lovecraft's stories often feature cosmic  entities that exist beyond human comprehension,  

洛夫克拉夫特的故事常以超越人類理解範圍的宇宙實體為特色，它們

neither good nor evil, existing in a  realm of indifference towards humanity.

既不善也不惡，存在於對人類漠不關心的境界中。

This makes human endeavors seem trivial and  

這使得人類的努力

insignificant in the grand  scheme of the universe​​​​.

在宇宙的宏偉計劃中 顯得微不足道和

Cosmicism has influenced not only literature  but also modern pop culture and philosophy,  

微不足道。 宇宙主義不僅影響了文學，也影響了現代流行文化和哲學，

evolving beyond Lovecraft's original works.

其發展超越了洛夫克拉夫特的原創作品。

It is recognized as an influential movement,  

它被認為是一場有影響力的運動，

impacting authors, filmmakers,  and game developers who continue  

影響著不斷

to explore themes of cosmic indifference and  the incomprehensible nature of the universe.

探索宇宙冷漠和宇宙難以理解的本質主題的作家、電影製作人和遊戲開發者。

The core principles of Cosmicism include  the vast and indifferent universe,  

宇宙主義的核心原則包括浩瀚而冷漠的宇宙、

incomprehensible cosmic entities,  and the human fear of the unknown.

難以理解的宇宙實體以及人類對未知的恐懼。

These ideas challenge our human-centric worldview  

這些想法挑戰了我們以人為中心的世界觀

and encourage a reevaluation of  our place within the cosmos​​.

，並鼓勵我們重新評估我們在宇宙中的地位。

Moreover, Cosmicism shares philosophical ground  with nihilism and existentialism, in that it  

此外，宇宙主義與虛無主義和存在主義有著共同的哲學基礎，即它

questions the significance of human existence and  achievements in the face of an indifferent cosmos.

質疑人類在冷漠的宇宙面前存在和成就的意義。 它提供了一種

It offers a perspective that contrasts sharply  

與傳統的以人為中心的觀點和傳統宗教信仰

with traditional human-centric views  and conventional religious beliefs,  

形成鮮明對比的視角 ，

promoting a humbler view of  humanity's place in the universe​​.

並提倡以一種更謙遜的方式看待人類在宇宙中的地位。

This exploration of Cosmic Indifference and  Cosmicism reveals a philosophical stance  

這種對宇宙冷漠和宇宙主義的探索揭示了一種哲學立場

that underscores the insignificance of human  concerns in the face of the cosmos's vast,  

，強調在宇宙的浩瀚、冷漠面前，人類的擔憂是微不足道的

indifferent expanse. It invites reflection  on our understanding of existence,  

。它引發我們對存在的理解、

our quest for meaning, and how we  relate to the universe at large.

對意義的追求以及我們與整個宇宙的關係的反思。

So here you go, If you want to learn  more about the topics I shared today,  

那麼就到這裡吧，如果你想了解更多我今天分享的主題，

you can check out the further reading list in  the description, and if you want to learn more  

可以查看說明中的延伸閱讀列表，如果你想了解更多

random knowledge, please subscribe. I am Shao  from What People Also Ask, see you next time.

隨機知識，請訂閱。我是《人亦問》的邵，下次見。