Name: 美國為何如此支持和資助以色列？ (Why Does the U.S. Support and Fund Israel So Much? | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2024-02-10T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 8 min 52 s

Israel's response in Gaza to the Hamas attacks has led to protests across the US demanding a ceasefire, with many calling for an end to US military aid to Israel.

以色列在加薩對哈馬斯襲擊的反應引發了美國各地要求停火的抗議活動，許多人呼籲美國停止對以色列的軍事援助。

If you want my money, you better listen to me.

如果你想要我的錢，你最好聽我的。

The US provides about $3.8 billion in aid to Israel every year.

美國每年都會提供約 38 億美元的援助給以色列。

And since World War II, the US has provided more foreign aid to Israel than any other country.

自第二次世界大戰以來，美國向以色列提供的外援比任何其他國家都多。

But today, there are increasingly vocal calls for more scrutiny of that aid from the left wing of the Democratic Party, including threats to scuttle Biden's request for $14.3 billion in additional assistance to Israel.

但如今，民主黨左翼越來越大聲呼籲對這項援助進行更多審查，包括威脅阻止拜登向以色列提供 143 億美元額外援助的請求。

It's changing the nature of the discussion now.

It was once frowned upon to criticize Israel publicly, and now you're seeing more and more that people are doing so, and those calls are getting louder and louder.

公開批評以色列曾經是不被允許的，現在你看到越來越多的人這樣做，而且這些呼聲越來越大。

This is a simple request for information.

On January 16th, Senator Bernie Sanders introduced a resolution that sought to impose conditions on continued aid to Israel.

1 月 16 日，參議員伯尼·桑德斯提出一項決議，尋求對繼續援助以色列施加條件。

It simply requests a report on how USA aid is being used.

它只是要求一份關於如何使用美國援助的報告。

This is a very modest, common sense proposal.

這是一個非常溫和、符合常識的建議。

Sanders' resolution would freeze aid to Israel unless the State Department produced a report within 30 days, examining whether Israel has committed human rights violations in Gaza.

桑德斯的決議將凍結對以色列的援助，除非國務院在 30 天內提交報告，審查以色列是否在加薩侵犯人權。

What is going on in Israel right now is being done significantly with US military aid.

以色列目前正在發生的事情是在美國的軍事援助的幫助下完成的。

So the 2,000 pound bombs which have the capability of wiping out entire neighborhoods, those are American bombs.

因此，能夠摧毀整個社區的 2000 磅炸彈是美國炸彈。

As expected, the Senate overwhelmingly rejected Senator Sanders' resolution in a 72 to 11 vote.

正如預期的那樣，參議院以 72 比 11 的壓倒性多數否決了桑德斯參議員的決議。

We can and should continue to push Israel towards a targeted prosecution of the war against Hamas and Gaza, but passing this resolution does not do that.

我們可以而且應該繼續推動以色列有針對性地起訴針對哈馬斯和加薩的戰爭，但通過這項決議並不能做到這一點。

In fact, I would say it is counterproductive to it.

事實上，我想說這是適得其反的。

Are we complicit? And the answer obviously is yes, we are.

我們是同謀嗎？答案顯然是肯定的。

And that's why I brought up this resolution. And I and other members will continue to fight for accountability from Israel.

這就是我提出這個決議的原因。 我和其他成員將繼續爭取以色列的問責。

Even though the resolution failed, it represents a historic level of scrutiny for USA to Israel.

儘管決議失敗了，但它代表了美國對以色列的歷史性審查。

Just the fact that the Senate is now forced to debate this issue publicly really shows that there's a changing tide.

參議院現在被迫公開辯論這個問題這一事實確實表明潮流正在改變。

Even if it didn't go anywhere and it was overwhelmingly rejected, the fact that senators are now forced to grapple with this question publicly shows that there is increasing pressure to do more.

即使它沒有任何進展並且被壓倒性地拒絕，參議員現在被迫公開解決這個問題的事實表明，採取更多行動的壓力越來越大。

An historic moment for Zion, which is celebrated in Washington at the office of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, as a small boy runs the flag of the new Jewish state out on the staff.

對錫安來說，這是一個歷史性的時刻，在華盛頓巴勒斯坦猶太機構的辦公室裡，一個小男孩在工作人員手中揮舞著新猶太國家的旗幟，慶祝這一刻。

Well, 1948, the United States was first country in the world to recognize Israel.

的1948年，美國是世界上第一個承認以色列的國家。

The United States recognizes the provisional government as the defacto authority of the new state of Israel.

美國承認臨時政府是新以色列國的事實上的權力機構。

But there really wasn't financial assistance attached.

There was a little bit of money, loans to help resettling all the people into Israel.

有提供一點錢、貸款幫助所有的人重新安置到以色列。

And of course, this was still right after the Holocaust.

Many had suffered great hardships in the past.

許多人過去曾遭受過巨大的苦難。

She, for instance, was evidently once merely a number in some Nazi (indistinct).

例如，她顯然曾經只是某個納粹分子中的一個數字（模糊不清）。

Which was an important part of the context for the creation of Israel.

這是以色列創建背景的重要組成部分。

In the 1950s and '60s, the US provided the new country with economic aid.

1950 以及 1960 年代，美國為新國家提供經濟援助。

But by the early 1970s, US aid became mostly military assistance.

但到了 1970 年代初，美國的援助主要變成了軍事援助。

In 1973, two Soviet client states, Egypt and Syria, launched a coordinated surprise attack on Israeli forces in the Sinai and the Golan Heights.

1973年，兩個蘇聯附庸國埃及和敘利亞對西奈半島和戈蘭高地的以色列軍隊發動了協調一致的突襲。

Israel ultimately repelled the attacks and regained lost ground, but only after the US made the decision to supply the Israeli military.

以色列最終擊退了襲擊並收復失地，但前提是美國決定向以色列軍隊提供補給。

Are you satisfied with the amount of equipment you're getting from the United States?

你對從美國獲得的設備數量滿意嗎？

I am very happy with what we are getting and very thankful for that.

我對此非常滿意，並此深表感謝。

In 1973, Israel was defending itself against two Soviet clients.

1973 年，以色列正在對抗兩個蘇聯附庸國。

That created an incentive for the United States and Israel to align more closely.

這激勵了讓美國和以色列更加緊密地合作。

The real pivot came after the Camp David Agreement.

真正的轉折發生在《戴維營協議》之後。

Signed at the White House by the leaders of Egypt, Israel, and the United States.

在白宮由埃及、以色列和美國的領導人簽署。

After decades of mistrust and warfare, it looks as if American diplomacy has finally made possible a formal peace treaty between the two old adversaries.

經過數十年的不信任和戰爭，美國外交似乎終於讓這兩個宿敵之間達成正式和平條約成為可能。

That really created a very different relationship with Israel, a very different American security commitment to Israel.

這確實與以色列建立了一種非常不同的關係，一種美國對以色列非常不同的安全承諾。

And it was also the 1970s where Israel went from being a somewhat partisan, mostly democratic cause, to being a bipartisan national issue.

也是在 1970 年代，以色列從一個帶有一定黨派色彩、主要是民主的事業，轉變為一個兩黨共同參與的國家問題。

For decades, US economic aid to Israel helped support the Israeli economy.

幾十年來，美國對以色列的經濟援助幫助支撐了以色列的經濟。

But since the rapid expansion of Israel's economy in the 1990s, US economic aid to Israel began to gradually phase out in the 21st century.

但自1990年代以色列經濟快速擴張以來，美國對以色列的經濟援助進入21世紀開始逐步退出。

So there was a shift over time, agreed to by both sides, where the American assistance to Israel, which had been balanced after the Camp David Agreement in 1979 between economic and military assistance, became only military assistance.

因此，隨著時間的推移，雙方都同意的情況發生了轉變，1979 年戴維營協議後，美國對以色列的援助在經濟和軍事援助之間取得了平衡，現在變成了僅軍事援助。

Part of America's strategy in the Middle East is ensuring that Israel maintains a qualitative military edge over its neighbors.

美國中東戰略的一部分是確保以色列相對於鄰國保持品質上的軍事優勢。

This approach involves giving Israel first access to or more advanced versions of US defense technology.

這種方法包括讓以色列首先獲得或更先進版本的美國國防技術。

It also offsets military sales to its neighbors with increased weapons packages or military aid to Israel.

它還透過增加對以色列的武器包或軍事援助來抵消對鄰國的軍售。

What this means is that when the neighbors wanna buy a weapon system, the United States oftentimes of has to arrange to also sell that weapon system to Israel.

這意味著，當鄰國想要購買武器系統時，美國通常必須安排將武器系統賣給以色列。

Annual foreign military financing grants from the US represent about 16% of the Israeli military budget.

美國每年提供的外國軍事資助約佔以色列軍事預算的 16%。

So let me share with you why making sure Israel and Ukraine succeed is vital for America's national security.

因此，讓我與大家分享為什麼確保以色列和烏克蘭的成功對美國的國家安全至關重要。

You know, history has taught us that when terrorists don't pay a price for their terror, when dictators don't pay a price for their aggression, they cause more chaos and death and more destruction.

歷史告訴我們，當恐怖分子不為他們的恐怖付出代價時，當獨裁者不為他們的侵略付出代價時，他們就會造成更多的混亂、死亡和更多的破壞。

In Israel, we must make sure that they have what they need to protect their people today and always.

在以色列，我們必須確保他們擁有今天和永遠保護其人民所需的一切。

Last year, President Biden requested $14.3 billion in additional assistance to Israel.

去年拜登總統請求撥款 143 億美元 向以色列提供額外援助。

A $14 billion funding request would provide an additional $10.6 billion for the Pentagon to better equip Israel.

140 億美元的資金請求將為五角大廈提供額外的 106 億美元，以更好地裝備以色列。

The US military response to the Hamas attack includes ammunition and interceptors to replenish Israel's Iron Dome system, which is the bedrock of the country's defense.

美國對哈馬斯襲擊的軍事反應包括補充彈藥和攔截器，以補充以色列的鐵穹系統，這是該國防禦的基石。

Israel and America are connected now and forever.

以色列和美國現在和永遠都是連結在一起的。

Historically, US aid packages to Israel have faced little trouble getting through Congress because Israel has long enjoyed bipartisan support.

從歷史上看，美國對以色列的援助計劃在國會獲得通過幾乎沒有遇到任何困難，因為以色列長期以來一直得到兩黨的支持。

Peace requires compromise, but we will never ask Israel to compromise its security.

和平需要妥協，但我們永遠不會要求以色列妥協其安全。

There has been remarkably strong bipartisan support for aid to Israel, but for the last five to 10 years, we've seen increasing signs, certainly on the Democratic side in Congress, that maybe it needs to be qualified.

兩黨對向以色列提供援助都給予了非常強烈的支持，但在過去的五到十年裡，我們看到越來越多的跡象，尤其是國會的民主黨方面，可能需要進行資格審查。

Maybe it needs to be conditioned in some way.

Despite the different mood in Congress, it remains likely that Biden's new security package to Israel will pass the Senate.

儘管國會氣氛不同，拜登對以色列的新安全計畫仍有可能在參議院獲得通過。

以色列必須結束哈馬斯的威脅。

If Hamas is left to its own devices, they will do to Israelis everywhere in Israel what they did to Israelis on the Gaza...along the Gaza Strip.

如果哈馬斯自行其是，他們將對以色列各地的以色列人做同樣的事情，就像他們對加薩…加薩地帶的以色列人所做的那樣。

We're gonna support our close friend and ally, Israel.

我們將支持我們的親密朋友和盟友以色列。

The US has decided that providing aid to Israel is just a fixture in its foreign policy.

美國決定提供援助這只是以色列外交政策的一個固定組成部分。

One thing that I have talked to officials about in recent weeks is, you know, "Are there gonna be conditions at any point?

最近幾週我與官員談論的一件事是，「任何時候都會有條件嗎？

You criticize Israel's actions. So what do you tell them behind the scenes to sort of hold them accountable? Would you withhold military aid?"

你批評以色列的行為。 那你在幕後告訴他們什麼來讓他們負責呢？ 你會停止軍事援助嗎？』

And the answer I get generally is no. It's not even a question.

我得到的答案一般都是否定的。這甚至不是一個問題。

For his part, Senator Sanders intends to continue scrutinizing the military assistance the US provides to Israel.

桑德斯參議員則打算繼續審查美國向以色列提供的軍事援助。

Do not count me in to give another $10 billion to a right-wing extremist government in Israel.

別指望我會再捐贈 100 億美元給以色列右翼極端主義政府。

It's a start, but I can tell you absolutely that there are many more members of the Senate who are really upset about what is going on in Gaza right now.

這只是一個開始，但我可以絕對地告訴你，還有更多的參議院成員對加薩目前正在發生的事情感到非常不安。