A mysterious cannabis-related illness is turning up in emergency rooms.

急診室裡出現了一種與大麻有關的神祕疾病。

People are getting sick from a new disease caused by weed.

人們正因一種由大麻引起的新疾病而患病。

So today, we're going to explain the science behind what is going on and whether or not it's gonna impact marijuana legalization around the world.

所以，今天我們要解釋一下這背後的科學原理，以及它是否會影響全世界的大麻合法化。

Because as a stoner, me scared.

因為作為一個癮君子，我害怕。

The disease is called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, and it was first described in the early 2000s when a handful of marijuana users ended up in Australian emergency rooms with uncontrollable vomiting.

這種疾病被稱為大麻劇吐綜合徵，這種症狀最早出現在 2000 年初，當時有少數大麻使用者因無法控制的嘔吐而被送進澳洲的急診室。

Ever since then, the disease has been increasing.

從那時起，這種疾病就一直在增加。

For example, in Ontario, Canada, where I live between January 2014 to January 2021, there was a 13-fold increase in people ending up in the ER from cannabis-induced vomiting syndrome

例如，在我居住的加拿大安大略省，2014 年 1 月至 2021 年 1 月期間，因大麻引起的嘔吐綜合徵而到醫院就診的人數增加了 13 倍。

In Colorado, where marijuana is legalized, there was a 29% increase in vomiting-related emergency room visits from 2014 to 2019.

在大麻合法化的科羅拉多州，2014 年至 2019 年期間，與嘔吐相關的急診就診人數增加了 29%。

At this time is when doctors started to notice these cannabis users would "scromit," which means they were screaming while vomiting.

這時，醫生們開始注意到這些大麻使用者會一邊嘔吐一邊尖叫。

It was then understood that these cannabis users kept vomiting even though they didn't have enough food left in them to throw up, which led to the creation of this weird noise that the doctors called scromit.

據瞭解，這些吸食大麻的人即使沒有足夠的食物嘔吐，也會不停地嘔吐，這就產生了一種奇怪的聲音，醫生們稱為「邊吐邊叫」。

Now, scromiting may be one of the first indications that a patient who has come to the ER, may have this new weed disease.

現在，「邊吐邊叫」可能是第一個跡象，表明前來就診的病人可能患有這種新型大麻疾病。

So what is happening here?

那麼，到底發生了什麼？

Why is marijuana making people sick?

為什麼大麻會讓人生病？

Well, it has to do with your endocannabinoid system.

這與你的內源性大麻素系統有關。

It's a widespread neurobiology system in your body that allows you to maintain homeostasis, AKA the balance in your body that allows you to live.

它是你體內廣泛存在的神經生物學系統，可讓你維持體內平衡，也就是讓你生存的體內平衡。

If you become stressed, it helps you to physiologically relieve it.

如果你感到壓力，它可以幫助你從生理上緩解壓力。

If you swallow a toxin, the endocannabinoid system will help you vomit it back up.

如果你吞下毒素，內源性大麻素系統會幫助你將其吐出來。

This is all to keep you at homeostasis.

這一切都是為了讓你保持平衡。

The healthy baseline that you as an organism needs to maintain life.

生物體維持生命所需的健康基線。

It is controlled by natural neurotransmitters in your body called cannabis, which act on receptors such as the CB1 receptor in your brain.

它由人體內名為大麻的天然神經遞質控制，這種神經遞質作用於受體，如大腦中的 CB1 受體。

The thing is that marijuana contains molecules that mimic these cannabinoids.

問題是，大麻中含有模仿這些大麻素的分子。

Without marijuana, cannabinoids circulate at lower quantities in your body.

如果沒有大麻，大麻素在人體內的循環量就會降低。

But when you ingest marijuana, you create an influx of cannabinoids to your system, such as the psychoactive component, THC, which resembles a natural neurotransmitter and nide.

但是，當你攝取大麻時，你的系統中會產生大量大麻素，例如精神活性成分 THC，它類似於天然的神經傳導物質和尼德。

This creates neuronal activity in certain parts of your brain that make you feel high, causing thoughts, imagination and perception to magnify.

這會在大腦的某些部位產生神經元活動，讓你感覺興奮，從而放大思維、想象力和感知力。

But since the endocannabinoid system affects other aspects of homeostasis such as sleep, mood, appetite, anxiety, or nausea, these things will be affected as well when you consume marijuana.

但是，由於內源性大麻素系統會影響平衡的其他方面，如睡眠情緒食慾、焦慮或噁心，所以當你吸食大麻時，這些方面也會受到影響。

Researchers think that the over stimulation of the endocannabinoid system in high users of marijuana leads to a derangement in your body's intrinsic control of nausea, anxiety and vomiting.

研究人員認為，大麻使用者體內的內源性大麻素系統受到過度刺激，導致身體對噁心、焦慮和嘔吐的內在控制失調。

This has led to this new disease called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.

這就導致了一種名為大麻劇吐綜合症的新疾病。

So, physiologically, how exactly does it work?

那麼，在生理學上，它究竟是如何運作的呢？

Well, cannabis consumption modulates serotonin in areas of the brain that control nausea and vomiting.

吸食大麻會調節大腦中控制噁心和嘔吐區域的血清素。

So, at low doses, it can actually be therapeutic for patients undergoing chemotherapy in order to relieve them of their nausea.

在低劑量的情況下，它實際上可以對接受化療的病人起到治療作用，以緩解他們的噁心症狀。

But in large amounts over long periods of time, the cannabis overstimulates your CB1 receptors and your endocannabinoid system stops working properly.

但如果長期大量吸食，大麻會過度刺激你的 CB1 受體，你的內源性大麻素系統就會停止正常運作。

Essentially, your ability to maintain homeostasis becomes deregulated.

從根本上說，你維持體內平衡的能力會受到干擾。

For example, if you consume too much marijuana when you are nauseous, the body may have a hard time shutting off the nausea.

例如，如果大麻吸食過多，當你感到噁心時，身體可能很難關閉噁心的感覺。

If you are stressed or anxious, your endocannabinoid system now has a hard time bringing you back down to baseline.

如果你感到壓力或焦慮，子的內源性大麻素系統就很難讓你恢復到基線狀態。

This is what can now lead to this uncontrollable, stressed and vomiting state known as the cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.

這就是現在導致這種無法控制、緊張和嘔吐狀態的原因，即所謂的大麻劇吐綜合症。

On top of this, we know that marijuana can affect your stomach.

除此之外，我們還知道大麻會影響腸胃。

Ever heard of the munchies.

聽說過「大快朵頤」嗎？

Researchers found that marijuana increases activity in parts of your brain that promote hunger.

研究人員發現，大麻會增加大腦中促進飢餓的活動。

One study found that smoking marijuana leads to significant decreases in peptide tyrosine tyrosine, which is a gut hormone that inhibits food intake.

一項研究發現，吸食大麻會導致勝肽酪胺酸顯著減少，酪胺酸是一種抑制食物攝取的腸道荷爾蒙。

As well Marijuana is known to increase the hunger, hormone, ghrelin, and important hormone produced by your stomach.

眾所周知，大麻會增加飢餓感、荷爾蒙、胃泌素和胃分泌的重要荷爾蒙。

This can lead to the munchies. Yes.

這可能會導致大快朵頤。

But again, if you consume too much of this cannabis, researchers see that the first symptoms of this syndrome is a decrease in appetite that slowly leads to this vomiting state.

但同樣，如果食用過多這種大麻，研究人員會發現，這種綜合症的最初症狀是食慾下降，慢慢就會導致這種嘔吐狀態。

Suffering from this disease depends on a variety of factors such as diet, age, the size of your body.

患上這種疾病取決於多種因素，如飲食、年齡和體型。

But most importantly, how and how often you consume marijuana.

但最重要的是你吸食大麻的方式和頻率。

One study looked at people who had the cannabis vomiting disease versus people who didn't, and the amount of marijuana consumed in order for the study to work was 4 grams of marijuana per day.

一項研究調查了患有大麻嘔吐病的人和沒有這種病的人，為了使研究有效，每天的大麻消耗量為 4 克。

That's about eight large joints per day.

這約相當於每天吸食八支大的大麻煙。

So you can now see this is a disease that is happening in people who are consuming a lot of marijuana.

所以你現在可以看到，這是一種發生在大量吸食大麻的人身上的疾病。

Now, most of the research on this new disease is coming out of places where marijuana is legalized.

大多數關於這種新疾病的研究都來自大麻合法化的地方。

In Alberta, the amount of cannabis-induced syndrome patients in the ER went from 15 per 100,000 people in 2018 to 32 per 100,000 people in 2020.

在阿爾伯塔省，急診室中大麻引起的綜合症患者數量從 2018 年的每 10 萬人 15 人增加到 2020 年的每 10 萬人 32 人。

But this leads to another important statistic about how this could be affecting younger people more.

但這引出了另一個重要的統計數據，說明這可能如何對年輕人產生更大的影響。

In Alberta, if you look just at the ages of 16 to 24-year-olds coming into the ER, with this disease, 600 out of 100,000 of them have this cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.

在艾伯塔省，如果你只看一下進入急診室的 16 至 24 歲患有這種疾病的人，其中 100,000 人中有 600 人患有大麻劇吐綜合症。

That's a lot and it could be because the endocannabinoid system in younger people is actually more sensitive, or it could just be that 16 to 24-year-olds are consuming the most amount of marijuana because that has been the trend in Canada for many years.

這個數字很大，可能是因為年輕人的內源性大麻素系統實際上更敏感，也可能只是 16 至 24 歲的人消費大麻最多，因為這一直是加拿大多年來的趨勢。

If these trends continue, you will be hearing a lot about this disease in the future.

如果這些趨勢繼續下去，未來你將會聽到很多關於這種疾病的消息。

The only way that we now know how to stop it or cure it or help it is to decrease the amount of marijuana the person is consuming or cut it out completely.

我們現在知道如何阻止、治療或幫助患者的唯一方法就是減少患者的大麻攝入量或完全戒掉大麻。

But I am well aware of how hard this is.

但我深知這有多難。

You can watch our video here about quitting marijuana.

你可以在這裡觀看我們關於戒除大麻的影片。

It is a seriously challenging thing to do.

這是一件極具挑戰性的事情。

Does this mean that legalization will be halted?

這是否意味著將停止合法化？

I'm unsure about this in Canada, where I live where marijuana is legalized.

在我居住的加拿大，大麻已經合法化，但我不確定加拿大的情況是否如此。

So is alcohol, so are cigarettes, so are vapes. Alcohol, for example, kills way more people than marijuana.

酒精也是如此，香菸也是如此，電子菸也是如此，例如，酒精比大麻殺死的人要多得多。

You can overdose on alcohol, you cannot overdose on marijuana.

你可能會飲酒過量，但不會過量吸食大麻。

Right now, researchers don't think that legalization will be stopped, but we need to be aware of this new disease.

現在，研究人員不認為合法化會被阻止，但我們需要意識到這種新疾病在體內的平衡是很重要的。

Homeostasis in your body is important. Your endocannabinoid system is important. Playing with it by consuming a lot of marijuana is going to be affecting your life.

內源性大麻素系統非常重要，大量吸食大麻會影響你的生活。

If you consume too much marijuana, your body will lose its ability to control sleep, mood, anxiety and vomiting.

如果吸食過多大麻，身體就會失去控制睡眠情緒、焦慮和嘔吐的能力。

As someone who consumes a lot of weed, I think this information is extremely fascinating and important because we need to understand that these things are going on to make the proper decisions for our lives as well.

作為一個吸食大量大麻的人，我認為這些資訊非常吸引人，也非常重要，因為我們也需要了解這些事情，以便為我們的生活做出正確的決定。

We need a lot more researchers on this topic.

我們需要更多這方面的研究人員。

We need money being funded towards this because it's a new disease and all this information is extremely new.

我們需要資金投入，因為這是一種新疾病，所有這些資訊都非常新。

Thank you so much for watching. Share this with your stoner friends and we'll see you soon for a new science video.

非常感謝你的收看，請與你的癮君子朋友們分享，我們很快就會為你帶來新的科學影片。