I'm Anna and this is the English Fluency Journey, where I give tips and advice for English learners.

我是 Anna，這裡是 English Fluency Journey，我為英語學習者提供提示和建議。

And in this video, I'm gonna be answering a question from Tano.

在這段影片中，我將回答 Tano 的問題。

Thank you very much for your question.

非常感謝你的提問。

And guys, don't forget, if you have any questions, please leave them in the comment sections below the videos and I'm gonna be happy to answer them.

如果你們有任何問題，請在影片下方的評論區留言，我很樂意回答。

"Hi, Anna. This is a nice video and really helpful. Thank you.

「嗨，Anna。這部影片很不錯，真的很有幫助。謝謝你。

Anna, could you make a video on differences between should have, could have, would have and how could we use them in the sentences?"

Anna，你能製作一個影片來介紹 should have、could have、would have 之間的區別以及我們如何在句子中使用它們嗎？」

So let's start.

那就開始吧。

First of all, when we use could have, should have, would have, we're talking about the past, so we can't change the past, we can regret something.

首先，當我們使用could have、should have、would have時，我們談論的是過去，所以我們無法改變過去，我們可以後悔一些事情。

We can think of possibilities or we can think of a different scenario that could have happened or we can talk about our lost opportunities.

我們可以考慮可能性，或者我們可以考慮可能發生的不同場景，或者我們可以談論我們失去的機會。

And we formed them using could have, should have, would have, plus past participle, and pay attention please on pronunciation.

我們用could have、shouldhave、wouldhave加上過去分詞來構成它們，請注意發音。

So we don't say could have, should have, would have. We contract them and say could've, should've, would've. People rarely say the full version, "I could have."

所以我們不會直接念 could have, should have, would have。我們會縮略成could've, should've, would've。 人們很少會講完整的 I could have。

So should've; basically, we use it to talk about our regrets.

所以，should've。基本上我們應該用它來談談我們的遺憾。

We did something in the past, but now we think that that was a bad choice that we should have done it differently.

我們過去做了一些事情，但現在我們認為那是一個錯誤的選擇，我們應該換一種方式來做。

I should have listened to you!

我應該聽你的！

I didn't listen to you and something unpleasant happened.

我沒聽你的，結果發生了不愉快的事。

And now I understand that I should have listened to you.

現在我明白了，我應該聽你的話。

I should have at least tried to learn how to drive.

我至少應該試著學開車。

The result is now that I can't drive because of my decision in the past. I decided not to learn how to drive, but now I understand that I need it and I lost time by not having done it in the past.

結果現在我因為過去的決定而不能開車了。 我決定不學開車，但現在我明白我需要它，而且我過去沒有學過而浪費了時間。

You should have asked me before buying a new car.

在買新車之前，你應該先問問我。

You bought a new car and you spent a lot of money and you didn't ask your wife, for example.

比如，你買了一輛新車，花了很多錢，卻沒有問你的妻子。

And now she's disappointed because maybe she had different plans for your family budget.

現在她很失望，因為也許她對你們的家庭預算有不同的計劃。

So now she's telling you that you should have asked. She's thinking that you were obligated to do that.

所以現在她告訴你，你應該問清楚。她認為你有義務這麼做。

You shouldn't have drunk so much yesterday.

你昨天不該喝那麼多的。

You did drink too much and maybe now you're having a hangover or you did something stupid so you definitely shouldn't have drunk so much.

你確實喝多了，也許你現在正在宿醉，或者你做了什麼蠢事。所以你絕對不應該喝那麼多。

Now, we used could have to talk about possibilities in the past, but they didn't happen under some circumstances or to say that we were able to do something, but we chose not to do that, or that something wasn't possible under some circumstances or that something is possible now.

現在，我們過去可能不得不談論過去的可能性，但它們在某些情況下沒有發生，或者說我們能夠做某事，但我們選擇不這樣做，或者在某些情況下某件事是不可能的某些情況或現在有可能發生某些事情。

I know a bit complicated but it'll get clearer when we take a look at some examples.

我知道這有點複雜，但我們看一些例子就會明白了。

It's 8 p.m. already. They could have arrived now.

已經晚上 8 點了。他們可能已經到了。

We were expecting them perhaps earlier or later, but it's a possibility that they can arrive now.

我們原以為他們可能會更早或更晚到達，但他們現在有可能到達。

In this case, it's an assumption, but it's possible to happen now.

在這種情況下，這是一個假設，但現在有可能發生。

You could have waited for me and we could have come to the party together, but you chose not to wait and we came separately.

你本來可以等我，我們本來可以一起來參加聚會，但你選擇不等，我們分開來。

I could have dated her if I wanted it.

如果我願意的話我可以和她約會。

I think that I had that option, that that was a possibility.

我認為我有這個選擇，這是一種可能性。

You couldn't have saved him.

你不可能救他的。

Meaning it was impossible. There was nothing you could do at that moment.

意思是這是不可能的。 那一刻你無能為力。

Why hasn't he come yet?

他怎麼還沒來？

He could've forgotten that we were meeting, or worse, something could have happened.

他可能忘記了我們的會面，或者更糟，可能發生了一些事情。

Here, we're making a guess of what probably happened.

我們正在猜測可能發生了什麼。

Everything could have been differently if you chose to stay and fight for us.

如果你選擇留下來為我們而戰，一切都會不同。

But you didn't, you decided to do otherwise.

但你沒有，你決定不這麼做。

You had such a hard life. You could have become an addict.

你以前的日子過得辛苦。 你本可能會成為一個癮君子。

You could have easily ended up on the streets, but you chose to fight and look at you now. You're a successful lawyer. I'm so proud of you.

你本可能會輕易流落街頭，但你現在選擇奮鬥，所以看看現在的你。 你是一位成功的律師。 我很為你驕傲。

You can hear and use might've instead of could've, it means the same thing.

你可以聽到並使用 might've代替 could've，這意味著同樣的事情。

Did you get in trouble, Johnny Galecki?

你惹麻煩了嗎，Johnny Galecki？

Because if I was 15 and I had a TV show, I think I might have partied a little bit.

因為如果我是 15 歲，我有一個電視節目，我想我可能會狂歡一下。

And would've. Just a little bit more complex than the previous ones.

然後是 would've。 這只比前面提到的稍微複雜一點。

So we use "would've" to say that we wanted to do something that it was intended to be done, but we didn't do it because perhaps something didn't let us.

所以我們用 would've 來表示我們想做一些本來打算做的事情，但我們沒有做，因為也許有些事情不允許我們做。

I would have come over, but I wasn't feeling so good.

我本來想過來的，但我感覺不太好。

I wanted to come, but my health didn't let me.

我很想來，但身體不允許。

I would've helped you, but I didn't know that you needed help. You should've told me.

我本想幫你，但我不知道你需要幫助。你應該告訴我的

So you didn't tell me and I didn't help, although I wanted to.

所以你沒告訴我，我也沒幫忙，雖然我很想。

I would have made dinner, but as it turned out, I didn't have any products and honestly, I didn't wanna go grocery shopping.

我本來想做晚飯，但事實證明，我沒有任何產品，老實說，我不想去雜貨店購物。

I think this one explains itself. A story of my life.

這應該很清楚明瞭。就是我的故事。

Why is "would've" a bit more complex because it's also a part of the third conditional.

為什麼 would've 有點複雜，因為它也是第三類條件句的一部分。

We use it to talk about past unreal situations and we form it like this.

我們用它來談論過去不真實的情況，句型是這樣的。

"If + past perfect, ... would have + past participle."

「If +過去完成式，... would have +過去分詞。」

If I hadn't been overeating, I wouldn't have gained so much weight.

如果我沒有暴飲暴食，我的體重就不會增加這麼多。

But in reality, I gained weight because I had been overeating.

但實際上，我的體重增加了，因為我吃太多了。

You wouldn't have broken all the plates if you had listened to me and didn't carry all of them at once.

如果你聽了我的話並且沒有立即把所有的盤子都拿走，你就不會打碎所有的盤子。

But you didn't listen and you did carry all of them at once and you broke them all.

但你不聽，你一下子就把它們全部拿走了，然後把它們全部弄壞了。

And to make it even more understandable, let's take a look at one sentence using all of these three modal verbs.

為了讓它更容易理解，讓我們來看看使用所有這三個情態動詞的一個句子。

He should've told her the truth. (It was the right thing to do, but he didn't.)

他應該告訴她真相。 （這是正確的做法，但他沒有這樣做。）

He could've told her the truth. (Of course, it means that he didn't, but if he did, the current situation might have been better.)

他本來可以告訴她真相的。 （當然，這意味著他沒有，但如果他這樣做了，現在的情況可能會更好。）

He would've told her the truth. (This means that he wanted to tell her the truth, but something came up and he wasn't able to do that.)

他會告訴她真相的。 （這意味著他想告訴她真相，但發生了一些事情，他沒能做到。）

And the last thing. This construction doesn't change depending on the subject. We always say should have, could have, would have.

最後一件事。 這種結構不會根據主詞而改變。 我們總是說 should have, could have, would have。

It doesn't matter if we say he, she, we, or they. We don't say could has.

不管主詞是不是he, she, we 還是 They，。我們不會說 could has。

Thank you for watching this video.

感謝您觀看這部影片。

Subscribe to this channel and just to make sure that you don't miss anything useful, turn on the notifications. And as usual, stay positive and motivated and see you soon.

請訂閱本頻道，為了確保你不會錯過任何有用的資訊，請打開通知，像往常一樣，保持積極向上的心態，我們很快就會再見面。