This is News Review from BBC Learning English where we help you understand news headlines in English. I'm Neil.

這是 BBC 的新聞回顧節目，我們幫助你用英語理解新聞標題。我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.

請務必看到最後，以便學習詞彙用來談論這個故事所需的詞彙。

Don't forget to subscribe to our channel so you can learn more English from news headlines.

別忘了訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就能從新聞標題中學到更多英語。

Now the story.

現在，故事開始了。

Emergency services are searching for trapped survivors following powerful earthquakes in Japan.

日本發生強烈地震後，緊急服務部門正在尋找受困的倖存者。

At least 64 people have died so far after a series of quakes on New Year's Day.

元旦發生的一系列地震迄今已造成至少 64 人死亡。

Images taken by helicopters show many fires and widespread damage to infrastructure and buildings.

直升機拍攝的影像顯示多起火災以及基礎設施和建築物的廣泛損壞。

You've been looking at the headlines, Georgie, what's the vocabulary people need to understand this news story in English?

你一直在看頭條新聞，Georgie，人們需要哪些詞彙才能理解這個英語新聞報導？

We have 'battle against time,' 'rocked by,' and 'aftershock.'

我們要學習「與時間的鬥爭」、「震撼」和「餘震」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞評論節目。

Let's have a look at our first headline.

讓我們來看看我們的第一個標題。

This one's from the Guardian: Japan earthquakes battle against time to find those trapped under rubble as death toll rises.

這個標題來自《衛報》：隨著死亡人數的上升，日本地震與時間爭分奪秒地尋找被困在瓦礫下的人。

So this headline talks about the time pressure to find people trapped under the rubble after the earthquakes in Japan.

所以這個標題談論的是日本地震後尋找被困在廢墟下的人們的時間壓力。

Rubble is the broken bits of buildings. But we're looking at the expression 'battle against time,' which contains the word battle, Georgie.

瓦礫是建築物的碎片。 但我們要學的是「與時間的鬥爭」這一表達方式，其中包含「battle」一詞。

And I know this word from the context of war, but this isn't about a war. So why is it being used?

我知道這個詞是因為戰爭的關係，但這與戰爭無關。 那為什麼要使用它呢？

Yes, you're right.

你說得對。

Battle is used to talk about war.

Battle 用來談論戰爭。

A battle is like a fight and in a fight, we have two sides fighting against each other.

戰鬥就像一場鬥爭，在鬥爭中，我們有兩方互相對抗。

So here the rescuers are in a fight against time.

因此，救援人員正在與時間作鬥爭。

They are in a hurry to make sure as many people survive as possible.

他們急於確保盡可能多的人生存。

There is another similar expression, Neil.

還有一個類似的表方式。

Yes. So we also have 'race against time' which is similar in meaning to battle against time.

是的。 所以我們也有「與時間賽跑」的講法，跟「與時間鬥爭」的意思類似。

But instead of fighting, we're talking about moving fast, the sense that time is running out, it could be too late soon.

但我們談論的不是戰鬥，而是快速行動，感覺時間已經不多了，可能很快就太晚了。

What other examples have we got of the expression battle against time? When can we use it?

關於「與時間鬥爭」這個表達方式，我們還有哪些例子？ 我們什麼時候可以使用它？

Well, like in this story, we use battle against time for search and rescue operations or natural disasters to help people quickly before the situation gets worse.

就像這個故事一樣，我們在搜救行動或自然災害中爭分奪秒，在情況變得更糟之前迅速幫助人們。

But we could also use it for things like work deadlines and exams.

但我們也可以將它用於諸如工作截止日期和考試之類的事情。

So a student might be in a battle against time to answer all the questions before the time runs out.

因此，學生可能會爭分奪秒地在時間用完之前回答所有問題。

Ok. Let's look at that again.

好的。 讓我們再看一下。

Let's have our next headline.

讓我們來看看下一個標題。

This one's from ITV news: Death toll continues to rise after Japan rocked by powerful earthquakes.

這是來自英國獨立電視台的新聞：日本遭受強烈地震後，死亡人數持續上升。

This headline tells us about the number of people who've been killed by this earthquake in Japan.

這個標題告訴我們在日本這次地震中喪生的人數。

We call that the death toll, but we're looking at the expression rocked by which contains the word rock.

我們稱之為死亡人數，但我們關注的是包含「rock」一詞的「rocked」這個表達。

And I think probably most people know what a rock is as a noun, but this is a verb here.

我想可能大多數人都知道岩石是什麼名詞，但在這是當作動詞使用。

What does it mean, Georgie?

Georgie，他的意思是什麼？

Yes.

好的。

Well, rocked is literally this action.

「Rocked」就是這個動作。

It's to move from one side to another.

就是從一側移動到另一側。

So you can rock a baby, rock a boat.

所以你可以搖晃嬰兒，搖晃小船。

If you imagine a boat being rocked side to side in the waves, you can even rock backwards and forwards on a chair, for example.

例如，如果你想像一艘船在海浪中左右搖擺，你甚至可以在椅子上前後搖擺。

Yes.

對的。

So in this case, Japan was physically rocked by the earthquake, the ground moved.

所以在這種情況下，日本受到了地震的物理震動，地面發生了移動。

It's a literal meaning.

這是字面意思。

Exactly.

沒錯。

But there's also a metaphorical meaning.

但也有隱喻意義。

A group of people or society can be rocked by a major event or a big change which means that it causes surprise, shock or emotional impact.

一群人或社會可能會因重大事件或重大變化而受到震動，這意味著它會引起驚喜、震驚或情感影響。

And in this headline, in fact, both of those meanings, we can see them both.

而在這個標題中，其實這兩個意思，我們都可以看到。

There's the physical movement of the ground but also the emotional movement of people.

有地面的物理運動，也有人們的情緒運動。

It's a big scary event.

這是一個可怕的大事件。

Let's look at that again.

再看一次。

Let's have our next headline.

請看下一個標題。

This one's from The Telegraph: Powerful aftershocks rocked Japan after New Year's Day earthquake kills 62.

這是來自《電訊報》的報導：元旦地震造成 62 人死亡後，強烈的餘震震撼了日本。

This headline talks about what's happened in Japan since the main earthquakes on New Year's Day.

本標題講述了自元旦發生大地震以來日本發生的情況。

We see that word 'rock' again, which we learned about in the last headline.

我們再次看到「rock」這個詞，這是我們在上一個標題中了解到的。

But we're interested this time in 'aftershocks.'

但這次我們感興趣的是「餘震」。

What are aftershocks, Georgie?

Georgie，什麼是「餘震」？

Well, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake or shock that happens after the first main earthquake.

餘震是第一次主地震後發生的較小地震或衝擊。

They can happen minutes, hours, days or even weeks after the first earthquake.

它們可能發生在第一次地震後幾分鐘、幾小時、幾天甚至幾週。

Yeah. And they're usually smaller, but that doesn't mean they don't cause damage.

是的。 它們通常較小，但這並不意味著它們不會造成損害。

And in fact, there have been aftershocks causing further problems in the surrounding areas.

事實上，餘震為週邊地區帶來了更多問題。

This word 'aftershocks,' though, is there another meaning that's not literal?

不過，「餘震」這個詞還有其他非字面意義嗎？

Yes.

有的。

Again, it's often used metaphorically to describe consequences or impacts of a major event or change.

同樣，它經常被用來比喻性地描述重大事件或變化的後果或影響。

So for example, with the COVID lockdowns, there were many aftershocks like damage to the economy and damage to people's mental health.

例如，隨著新冠疫情封城，出現了許多後續成本，例如對經濟的損害和對人們心理健康的損害。

Let's look at that again.

讓我們再看一下。

We've had 'battle against time' - a rush to complete something.

我們學習了「與時間的鬥爭」——急於完成某件事。

'Rocked by' - moved from one side to another or shaken emotionally.

「搖晃」－從一側移動到另一側或情緒上動搖。

And 'aftershock' - a smaller secondary earthquake.

還有「餘震」——規模較小的二次地震。

Now, if you're interested in learning more English from the news, click here.

現在，如果你有興趣從新聞中學習更多英語，請按此處。

And don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel so you never miss another video.

不要忘記點擊此處訂閱我們的頻道，這樣您就不會錯過任何其他影片。

Thank you for joining us and goodbye.

感謝您加入我們，再見。

Bye.

掰。